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 COMMISSIONS AND COMMITTEES ON WOMEN EDUCATION AND EMPOWERMENT:-

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Women’s Empowerment is the process of empowering
women. Empowerment can be defined in many ways, however, when talking
about women's empowerment, empowerment means accepting and
allowing people (women) who are on the outside of the decision-making
process into it. “This puts a strong emphasis on participation in political
structures and formal decision-making and, in the economic sphere, on the
ability to obtain an income that enables participation in economic decision-
making.”

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• WOMEN EDUCATION IN ANCIENT INDIA (PRE-VEDIC):-

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• POST-VEDIC WOMEN EDUCATION:-

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• BUDDHIST SYSTEM OF WOMEN EDUCATION:-

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• WOMEN EDUCATION IN ISLAMIC ERA:-

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• HUNTER COMMISSION, 1882:-

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• THE CALCUTTA UNIVERSITY COMMISSION, 1917-1919:-

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• UNIVERSITY EDUCATION COMMISSION OR RADHAKRISHNAN COMMISSION,
1948-49:-
1. The education of women should be in conformity with the requirements of
women. They should be imparted education that may make them successful and
good housewives.
2. Women should be given maximum facilities for education.
3. Women should be encouraged to the maximum to acquire education of Home
Economics and Home Management.
4. In the institutions where co-education is prevalent due attention should be paid
to the general facilities od co-education.
5. Lady teachers should be given the same pay as the male teachers get.

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• NATIONAL COMMITTEE ON WOMEN EDUCATION (1958-59):-
The National Committee on Women’s Education was appointed in 1958-59 under the
chairmanship of Durgabai Deshmukh for making a survey of the present system of
women’s education with its problems and make some suggestions for the improvement of
women’s education.
• THE NATIONAL COUNCIL OF WOMEN’S EDUCATION (1962):-
The National Council of Women’s Education was appointed under the chairmanship of
Hans Mehta to look to the differentiation of curriculum between boys and girls.

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• BHAKTAVATSALAM COMMITTEE (1963):-
The main recommendations of the committee were as follows:

i. Both government and public should act jointly and proceed in a planned manner with regard to the
education of girls.

ii. Co-education should be popular at the primary stage.

iii. The services of educated married women should be sought as part time basis for teaching work.

iv. Provision of adequate central help for women’s education.

v. Establishment of social education centers in rural areas for women.

vi. Evolving a functional curriculum for educating adult women.

vii. Reservation of seats for women in training institutions, provision of attractive pay, living
accommodation, conveyance charge etc.
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 • INDIAN EDUCATION COMMISSION OR KOTHARI COMMISSION, 1964-66:-

i. Women’s education should be regarded as a major programme in education for some years to come and a bold and
determined effort should be made to face the difficulties involved and to close the existing gap between the education of
men and women in as short a time as possible;

ii. On priority basis funds required for them should be provided;

iii. There should be a special machinery at the state and central level to look after the women’s education and both
official and non- officials should be involved in chalking out the plan and implementation of programmes for women’s
education.

iv. Greater attention will be paid to the problems of training and employment of women teachers.

v. Teaching, nursing and social service are well organized areas where women can have an useful role to play.

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• THE NATIONAL POLICY ON EDUCATION (1986):-
According to NPE, 1986, the main features of the implementation strategy consisted, “to gear up entire
education system to play a positive interventionist role in the empowerment of women; to encourage
educational institutions to take up active programme to enhance women’s status and further women’s
development in all sectors; to widen women’s access to vocational, technical and professional education at
all levels”.

• PROGRAMME OF ACTION, 1992:-

1. Enhance self-esteem and self-confidence of women;
2. Building of positive image of women by recognizing their contribution to the society, policy and
the economy;
3. Enable women to make informed choice in areas like education, employment and health;
4. Ensuring equal participation in developmental processes;
5. Providing information, knowledge and skill for economic independence;
6. Enhancing access to legal literacy and information relating their rights and entitlements in society
with a view to enhance their participation on an equal footing in all areas.

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 FIVE YEAR PLANS AND WOMEN EDUCATION
 SPECIAL SCHOLARSHIP AND COURSES FOR GIRLS’ EDUCATION
 NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR WOMEN
 CABE REPORT REGARDING WOMEN EDUCATION
 EDUCATION FOR ALL
 COMMON SCHOOL SYSTEM
 CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS FOR WOMEN
 KASTURBA GANDHI BALIKA VIDYALAYA SCHEME
 EDUCATION FOR EQUALITY
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• CONCLUSION:-

Women education should be given due importance in the present society. Efforts must be
made to overcome all the problems of women’s education in the light of the
recommendations made by the above commissions, committees and different education
policies. 60% of the total learners in the National Literacy Mission are women and 50% of
the teachers recruited under the scheme of operation Blackboard will be women.
Another Scheme called “Mahila Samikhya” has created a new awareness among women
and has generated demand for education. The progress made by India in the field of
women’s education in the last six decades is unprecedented. There should be total
literacy in the country, no child should be out of school and everyone should be employed
or self-employed. A change in attitude and outlook can solve the problems of women
education and fulfill the target.

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• REFERENCES:-
 Panda. U. (2017-18). GENDER, SCHOOL AND SOCIETY, Rita Book Agency, pp. 95-101
 Chakraborty. P. (2016-17). GENDER, SCHOOL AND SOCIETY, Rita Book Agency, pp. 102-113
 Mukherjee. D. (2017). GENDER, SCHOOL AND SOCIETY, Aheli Publishers, pp. 131-140
 https://books.google.co.in/books/about/History_of_Education_in_India.html?id=yqtAAgS3NSEC&prints
ec=frontcover&source=kp_read_button&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false
 http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/india-2/women-education-system-in-india/84855
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%27s_empowerment
 https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/199306/6/06_chapter%202.pdf

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