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    US2010030563A1

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    US2010030563A1

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    César Palma Gonzaga

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    «) United States US 201000305631 «2 Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2010/0030563 Al Uhle et al. (S41) APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR (GENERATING AN AMBIENT SIGNAL FROM. AN AUDIO SIGNAL, APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR DERIVIN MULTI-CHANNEL AUDIO SIGNAL FROM AN AUDIO SIGNAL AND COMPUTER PROGRAM. (75) Inventors: Christian Uhle, Erlangen (DE) Juergen Herre, Buckenbof (DE) Andreas Walther, Bamberg (DE) Oliver Hellmuth, Erlangen (DE) ‘Christiaan Janssen, Berlin (DE) Correspondence Adres SCHOPPE, ZIMMERMANN , STOCKELER & ZINKLER (C/O KEATING & BENNETT, LLP 1800 Alexander Bell Drive, SUITE 200 Reston, VA 20191 (US) (73) Assignee: Praumhoferesellschaft zur Foerderung der angewan, Munich (DE) 21) Appl. No. 121440,058 22) PCT Fite: ct. 28, 2007 EPRESE AN AUDIO SIGNAL MEANS FOR LossY COMPRESSION (4) Pub. Date: Feb. 4, 2010 (85) PCT No, PCTIEP2007/009197 8371 0), (2),(4)Date:——Jul.29, 2009 G0) Foreign Application Priority Data (Oct. 24,2006 (DE) Publication Classification (1) Incl GI0L 2100 (52) US.Cl on ABSTRACT An apparatus for generating an ambient signal fom an audio ‘Sigal includes a compressor fr lossy compression of a ep resentation ofthe audio signal so as o obtain a compressed representation ofthe audio signal describing a compressed ‘ado signal. The appara for generating the ambieal signal further inches a caleultor for calculating 2 difference betwoen the eompresed representation ofthe audio signal ‘and the representation of the audio signal so as to obiin lisrimiaation representation, The apparatus further includes a provider for providing the ambient signal using the dis- ‘crimination representation, Anapperatu fr deriving a nul ‘channel audio signal from an audio signal includes an appa rats for generating an ambient signal fom an audio signal ‘an apparatus for providing the aio signal a a front-loud speaker signal and an apparatus for providing the ambient signal as a back-londspeaker signal 10-2006 050 068.7 (2006.01) ‘041500 TATION OF | 110 1 12 REPRESENTATION OF THE AUDIO SIGNAL INTHE MANNER OF LOSSY COMPRESSION MEANS FOR CALCULATING A DIFFERENCE DISCRIMINATION REPRESENTATION 122 [120 MEANS FOR PROVIDING THE AMBIENT SIGAAL 130 AMEIENT SIGNAL 1% Patent Application Publication 108: 100 REPRESENTATION OF 108 AN AUDIO SIGNAL Feb. 4,2010 Sheet 1 of 8 US 2010/0030563 A1 MEANS FOR LOSSY COMPRESSION t~110 maid REPRESENTATION OF THE AUDIO SIGNAL IN THE MANNER OF LOSSY COMPRESSION MEANS FOR CALCULATING A DIFFERENCE MEANS FOR PROVIDING THE AMBIENT SIGNAL [~~ 120 DISCRIMINATION REPRESENTATION tc! 22 130 AMBIENT SIGNAL [-~132 Y FIGURE 1 Patent Application Publication Feb. 4, 2010 Sheet 2 of 8 US 2010/0030563 A1 200 ' INPUT SIGNAL x(n] 208 TD TIME FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION [~~~ OPTIONAL (~~210 220 ASSEMBLY OF A MULTI-CHANNEL AUDIO SIGNAL AND POSTPROCESSING 250 252 AMBIENT SIGNALS ay[n] an] FIGURE 2 Patent Application Publication Feb. 4, 2010 Sheet 3 of 8 US 2010/0030563 A1 300 ‘ x(t), x(n) ~~308 TIME-DOMAIN-TO-FREQUENCY-DOMAIN- DISTRIBUTION CONVERTER (OPTONAL) TIME-FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION (TFD) [~310 312 Xo.) . MAGNITUDE-PHASE [—~3'4 SPLITTER Pa 1X(@, 1) 316 ; 320-~|MATRIX APPROXIMATOR| OPTIONAL 322 [X@. 4 S (@k)=(WH) (ak) 330—~ DIFFERENCE FORMER SCALER/RECTIFIER (OPTIONAL) A(ak)|=t gon —| Aeon l=t( 1 $(0,h) 334—4 PHASE ADDER t—~ OPTIONAL Xx 336-~~|_ A @k) 340—~ TIME-FREQUENCY-DISTRIBUTION- TO-TIME-DOMAIN CONVERTER (OPTIONAL) 342— ¥ att), a(n) FIGURE 3 Patent Application Publication Feb. 4, 2010 Sheet 4 of 8 US 2010/0030563 A1 30 3 0 (20) -(02) (193) (a) 100) +(2) 010) 001 00 0 0 FIGURE 4A Patent Application Publication wy Wy WM W, Ws ky hoe Xk) (Waka) LW) x x x x x x x x X(Wyky) X x x NL x(W.k) x x(Wak,) x x x x x x x x x x x X(Wake) x x X(Wike) FIGURE 4B Feb. 4,2010 Sheet 5 of 8 X(Waok) no US 2010/0030563 A1 X(Wi koa) XWkier) ua Kua Patent Application Publication Feb. 4, 2010 Sheet 6 of 8 US 2010/0030563 A1 FIGURE 5 500 uni sional) 508 APPARATUS FOR GENERATING AN. [~510 AMBIENT SIGNAL 512 1 520 t 550 POSTPROCESSING (OPTIONAL) { x PULSE REDUCER (OPTIONAL) ‘ DELAYER (OPTIONAL) POSTPROCESSING OPTIONAL) 52-—~) oprional gato) 530 532-~|_BACK-LOUD- FRONT-LOUD- SPEAKERSIGNAL 54 gp [SPEAKER SIGNAL 1 DECORRELATOR (OPTIONAL) ; AND/OR SIGNAL SIGNAL SPLITTER (OPTIONAL) SPLITTER (OPTIONAL : ! S62—J 564} 566~ sa] \ se { BACK- BACK- FRONT. FRONT. FRONT- LouD- LOUD- LOUD- LoUD- —_LOUD- SPEAKER SPEAKER SPEAKER SPEAKER SPEAKER SIGNAL1 SIGNAL 2 SIGNAL1 SIGNAL2 SIGNAL 3 (REAR LEFT) (REAR RIGHT) (FRONT LEFT) (FRONT RIGHT) (FRONT CENTER) Patent Application Publication Feb. 4, 2010 Sheet 7 of 8 US 2010/0030563 A1 600 / AUDIO SIGNAL 610-——~} LOSSY COMPRESSION OF REPRESENTATION OF THE AUDIO SIGNAL TO OBTAIN A COMPRESSED REPRESENTATION OF THE AUDIO SIGNAL OF THE AUDIO SIGNAL CALCULATING A DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE COMPRESSED REPRESENTATION OF THE 620-——j_ AUDIO SIGNAL AND THE REPRESENTATION OF THE AUDIO SIGNAL TO OBTAIN A DISCRIMINATION REPRESENTATION DISCRIMINATION REPRESENTATION PROVIDING THE AMBIENT SIGNAL 630 USING THE DISCRIMINATION REPRESENTATION AMBIENT SIGNAL FIGURE 6 COMPRESSED REPRESENTATION Patent Application Publication Feb. 4, 2010 Sheet 8 of 8 US 2010/0030563 A1 i By Yyce es) SN Acay| me | ‘i L A FIGURE 9 US 2010/0030563 Al APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR GENERATING AN AMBIENT SIGNAL FROM. ‘AN AUDIO SIGNAL, APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR DERIVING A MULTI-CHANNEL AUDIO SIGNAL FROM AN AUDIO SIGNAL AND COMPUTER PROGRAM. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0001] ‘The present invention generally relates to an appa ‘ats and a meth for generating an ambient signal from an andio signal, to an apparatus and a method for deriving a ‘multi-channel audio signal from an audio signal, and to a ‘computer program, Specifically, the resent invention relates toa method and concept for caleulating an ambient signal from an audio signal for upmixing mono audio signals for playback on multi-channel systems, [0002] In the following, the motivation underlying the present invention willbe discussed. Curenly, multi-channel andio material is experiencing increasing popularity i con- ‘sumer home envioaments as well. The main reason for thisis that films on DVD media often offer 5.1 multi-channel sound For this reason, even home users frequently install audio playback systems capable of reproducing muli-channel andi signa, [0003] "A corresponding setup may for example, consist of three loudspeakers (exemplary designated with L, Cand R) ‘arranged in the fou, loudspeakers (desigated with Ls and R,) aranged behind orto a listener's back and one low= frequency effets channel alo refered to as LFE), The thee Joudspeskers arrange the front (L,C, R)arein the follow ing also referred toa front loudspeakers. The loudspeakers arranged behind and in the back ofthe listener (L.Rs) ae in the following also refered to as back loudspeakers. [0004] In ation, it is to be noted that for reasons of ‘convenience, the following details and explanations refer to 5.1 systems. The fllowing details may, of course, also be applied to other multi-channel systems, with only small ‘modifications to be made, [0005] Multi-channel systems (suchas a $.1mut-chaanet avdio system) provide several well-known advantages over ‘two-channel stero reproduction, Ths is exemplified by the following advantages: {0006} Advantage 1: improved front image stability, even of or outa the optimal (central listening position ‘The “sweet spot” is enlarged by means of the eenter channel. The term “sweet spot” denotes an area of lis- ‘ening postions where an optimal sound impression suy’be perceived (by a listener) [007] Advastage2: Establishing abetter approximation ‘of a concert ball impression of experience. Increased experience of “envelopment” and spaciousness is ‘oblained by the rea-channel loudspeakers or the back channel loudspeakers [0008] | Noverieles, teres sila large amount of legsey audio contents consisting of only two (stereo”) audio chan rels such as on compoct discs. Even very old recondings and old films and TV series are sold on CDs andor DVDS that are available in mono quality and/or by means of a one-channel “ron” audio signal only. 009] Therefore, there are options for the playback of ‘mono legoey audio material viaa$.1 multi-channel setup: {0010} Option 1: Reproduction o playback ofthe mono ‘channel trough the centr or though the center lou- speaker soa io obtain a rue mono source, Feb. 4, 2010 [0011] Option 2: Reproduction o playback ofthe mono nal over the Land R loudspeakers (ie over the front leit loudspeaker and the font right loudspeaker) This ‘approach prluces « phantom mono source having & wider perceived source wit than a true mono souree buthavinga tendeney towards the loudspeaker closest to the listener when the listener isnot seated in or a the 5602 spt [0012] This method may also be used if two-channel playback system is available only, and itmakes no user the extended loudspeaker setup (such as a loudspeaker setup wit Sor 6 loudspeakers). The C loudspeaker or center loudspeaker, the loudspeaker or rear left loud- speaker, the R, loudspeaker or rear right loudspeaker ‘andthe LFE loudspeaker or low-frequency effec chan- ‘el loudspeaker remain unused, [0013] Option 3: A method may be employed for con- vering the channel ofthe mono signaltoamult-channel snal using all ofthe 5.1 loudspeakers (eal six loud- speakers used in a $.1 multi-channel system). In this ‘manner, the multi-channel signal benefits ftom the pre- viowly discussed advantages of the multi-channel setup. The method may be employed in eal time or“on the ly" or by meaas of preprocessing and is refered 10 as upmix process or “upmixing” [014] With respect to audio quality oF sound quality, ‘option 3 provides alvantages over option 1 and option 2. Particularly with respect to the signal generated for feeding the rear loudspeakers, however, the signal processing required is not obvious, [0015]. In Titerature, two different concepts for an upmix ‘method or upmix process are described. These concepts are the “direct Ambient Concept” and the “lnthe-band Con- cept”. The eo concepts stated wll e described in the fal- Towing. Direc Ambient Concept 10016] The “wiect sound sources” are reproduced. or played beck through the three front channels such that they fare perceived at the same postion as inthe original v0 channel version. The term “direct sound source” is used here 0 aso describe sound coming solely and ditetly from one dseretesoundsource(eg-an instrumeat) and exhibiting litle ‘or no ational sound, for example de to reflections from the walls, [0017] 1athisscensro, the sound orthe noise fdto the rear Touispeakers should only consist of ambience-fke sound or ambience-like noise (that may or may not be present inthe ‘original revonling). Ambienoe-like sound or ambience-like ‘noise not associated with one single sound source or noise source but contebutes to the reproduction or playback ofthe acoustical environment (room acoustics) of a recording orto the so-called “envelopment feeling” ofthe listener. Ambi- cenceslke sound or ambience-lke noise is further sound oF roise from the audience at live performances (such as applause) of eavironmental sound or environmental noise added by artistic intent (Such 2s recording noise, bindsong, cricket chirping sounds). [0018] "For illustration, FIG. 7 represents the original two channel version (of an audio recording), FIG. 8 shows an ‘upmixed rendition using the Direc Ambient Concept. In-the-Band Concept 0019] Following the surounding concept, often refered to as “Insthe-band Concept”, each sound or noise (direct US 2010/0030563 Al sound 3s well as ambient noise) may be completely andor arbitrarily positioned around the listener. The position of the noise or sound isindependent ofits properties direct soualor iret noise or ambient sound or ambient noise) and depends ‘on the specific design ofthe algorithm and its parameter settings ony. 0020] FIG. 9 represents the surrounding concept [0021] Summing up, FIGS. 7,8 and 9 show several play- ‘back concepts. Here, FIGS, 7, 8 and 9 deseribe where the listener perceives the origin ofthe sound fas a dark plotted area). FIG. 7 describes the acoustical perception during stereo playback, FIG. 8 describes the acoustical perception andlor sound localization using the DireevAmbient Concept FIG. 9 describes the sound perception and/or sound localization using the surounding concept [0022] The following section gives an overview over the conventional approaches regarding upmixing 3 one-channel or two-channel signal to fom a multi-channel version. The Titerature teaches several methods for upmixing one-channel signals and multi-channel signals ‘Non-Signaladaptive Methods [0023] Most methods for generating a so-called “pseudo sereophonic”signsl are noa-signaladaptive, This means that they process any mono signa in the same manner, respec tively of the contents of th signal. Those systems olen oper- ate with simple filter structures and/or time delays so a8 to Adcorteate the generate signal. An overall survey of such system may’be found, for example, in [1] Signaladaptive Methods 024] Matrix decoders (such as the Dolby Pro Logic Il ‘decoder, desribedin [2] the DTS NEO:6 decoder, described, for example, in [3] or the Haman Kardon lexicon Logie 7 decoder, described, for example, in [4]) are contained in almost every audio/video receiver curently sold, As a by- product of their actual or intended function, these matrix. decoders are capable of performing blind upmixing. 025] The decoders meationed use intr-channel differ: fences and signaladapkive steering mechanisms so asf erate ‘multi-channel output signals Ambience Extraction and Synthesis from Stereo Signals for ‘Malti-Channel Audio Upmixing 0026] Avendano and Jot propose a frequency-domain {technique sas to idemily and extract the ambience infomma- tion in stereo audio signals (se [S), [0027] The method is based on calculating an interchan- ‘el-coherence index anda non-linear mapping funetion that. is to enable the determination of time-frequency regions ‘mainly consisting of ambience components oF ambience por- ‘ions in the two-channel signal. Thea, ambieace signals are symthesized and used to feed the surround channels of a ‘multi-channel playback system. [A Method for Converting Stereo Sound to Multi-Channel Sound [0028] _Irwan and Aarts show a method for converting signal rom a stereo representation to a multi-channel repre= sentation (see [6)). The signal for the surround channels is calculated using a cross-coreation technique. A principal ‘component analysis (PCA) is used for calculating a vector indicating te direction ofthe dominant signal. This vectors Feb. 4, 2010 thon mapped from a two-channel representation toa thrac- ‘channel representation so as to generate the thee front chan als, Ambienee-Based Upmixing {0029} Soule shows a system that generates @ mult- channel signal from a stereo signal (se (7). The signa is decomposed into so-called “individual source steams” and “ambience steams”, Based on these streams, a so-called “aesthetic engine” synthesizes the multi-channel outpat However. no futher technical dels regarding the decom- postion step and the synthesis step are given. seudostereophony Based on Spatial Cues [0030] A. quas-sinaladaptive pseudo-stereophonic pro- ‘ess is deseribed by Fale in (1). This method uses a mono signal and given stereo recordings ofthe same signal. Adi- ‘ional spatial information or spatial cues are extracted from the stereo signal and used to convert the mono signal to 3 stereo signal SUMMARY [0031] According to an embodiment, an apparatus for gen- erating an ambient signal from an audio signal may have: ‘means foralossy compressionofarepresenation ofthe audio ignal soasto obtain acompressedrepresentation ofthe audio signal; means for calculating a dilfeence between the com- pressed cepresenation ofthe audio signal andthe ropresen- {ation ofthe audio signal so as to obtain a diserimination representation; and means for providing the ambient signal using the discrimination representation; wherein the means for lossy compression is configured to compressa specral representation, dserbing a spectrogram of the audio signal soastoobtainasthe compressed represetationa compressed spectral representation of the audio signa [0032] According to another embodiment an apparatus for deriving @ multi-channel audio signal having a front-ioud- speaker signal anda baek-loudspeaker signal fom an audio signal may have: an apparatus for generating an ambient signal from an audio signal according to any one of claims 1 1018, hereinthe apparatus for generating the ambient signal is configured for receiving the audio signal a apparatus for providing the au signal ora signal derived therefrom athe froot-loudspeaker signal anda hack-loudspeaker-signal-pro- viding apparats for providing the ambient signal povided by the apparatus for generating the ambient signal ora signal fore, the localizable signals are ta be processed by the lossy US 2010/0030563 Al compression so that the compressod representation substan- tially comprises the lcalizable signals of high energy or a charvcteristic waveform, [0042] However, in lossy compression, non-ocalizable mbit signals typically not exhibiting any specifically chat- acteristic waveform are represented to a lesser extent by the ‘compressed representation than the lcalizable signals. Thus, ithas beea recognized that the difference between the repre sentation of the audio signal inthe manaer af losy compres sion and the original representation of the audio signal sub stantially describes the non-oealizable portion of the audio signal. Furthemnore, it has been recognized that using the erence berwoen te representation in the manner of lossy ‘compression ofthe audio signal and the original representa: ‘ion of the audio signal as an ambient signal results in a particularly good auditory impression. 0043] In other words, it has been recognized that lossy ‘compression ofan audio signal typically does uot or only toa very lite extent incorporate the ambieat-signal portion the avdio signal and that, therefore, particularly te diference between the original epresenatin of the audio signal and the representation inthe manner of lssy compression of the avdio signal approximates the ambient-signal portion of the avdio signal well. Therefor, the inventive concep as defined by claim 1 is suitable for blind extraction of the ambient- signal portion from an audio signal [0044] The inventive concept is patculrly advantageous in hat an ambient signal may even he extracted from a one- channel signal without the existence of any addtional uxil- ‘ry information. Furthermore, te inventive concept consis of algorithmically simple steps, ic. performing lossy com- pression as wel as calculating a difference between the rep resentation ofthe audio signal in the manner of lossy com- pression und the original representation ofthe audio signa Funbermore, the inventive method s advantageous in that no synthetic anio effects are inteoduced to the ambient signa Therefore, the ambient signal may be free from reverberation as it may occur inthe context of conventional methods for ‘generating an ambieat signal, Futhermoe, it isto be noted ‘hat the ambient signal generated in dhe inventive manner typically no longer has any high-energy portion that may interfere with the auditory impression as inthe context of lossy compression, such high-energy portions are contained inthe representation of the adiosignal inthe mannerafossy ‘compression an, therefore do notor only very slightly occur inthe difference between the representation in the manner of lossy compression and the original representation of the avdio signa [0048] "Inother words, secording to theinvention, the ambi- «ent signal contains exactly those portions that are considered culation ofa given entry of the approximation-eeoe mati, 3 ference between an entry of the time-frequency matrix associated tothe given entty on the one hand and an entry of the product ofthe fist approximation matrix and the second approximation mauix, Which is weighted by a weighting factor unequal t one associated with the given entry on the other hand, and for determining the given entry of the spproximation-eror ‘matrix to be a magnitude ofthe difference, 48. Apparatus according to claim 38, wherein the cael tor Jor calculating the difference between the compressed representation of the audio signal and the representation of Feb. 4, 2010 theo signal is configured for describing the difference by a rwal-valued quantity measure; and ‘wherein the provider for providing the ambient signal is configured for allocating a phase value derived from a representation of the audio signal to the difference, deserbed by the rel-valned quaatiy measure, between the compressed representation of the audio signal and therepresentationoftheaudiosignal, sas w acquire the ambient signal 49. Apparatus according to eum 48, wherein the provider for providing is configured for allocating a plise value aquited inthe time-frequeney-distrbution matrix to the dif ference deseribed by the el-valued quantity measure. 50. Apparatus Jor driving 4 multi-channel audio signal comprising a fron-loudspeaker signal and a back-loud- speaker signal from an audi signal, comprising ‘an apparatus for generating an ambient signal from an ‘aio signal acconding to claim 32, ‘wherein the apparatus for generating the ambient signal is ‘configured for receiving the audio signal; fn apparatus for providing the audio signal or a sigaal derived therefrom asthe ron-loudspeaker signal; and aaback-lowdspeakersignal-providing apparatus for provid- ing the ambient signa provided by the apparatus for generating the ambient signal ora signal derived here- Irom as the back-loudspeaker signal SL. Apparatus according to claim 50, wherwia the back: loudspeakersignl-providing apparatus is configured for generating the back-foudspeaker signal such that the back loudspeaker signal is delayed compared to the fron-loud- speaker signal ina range between one millisecond and 0 nillseconds. 52. Apparatus according to claim $0, wherein the back: loudspeaker-signal-providing apparatus is configured for attenuating pulse-like signal portions inthe back-loudspeaker signal or for removing the pulse-fke signal portions from the backeloudspeaker signal. 53. Apparatus according to claim $0, wherein the back: loudspeakersignl-providing apparatus is configured for ‘providing, hasedon the ambient signal provided by the appa ratus for generating the ambient signal, a first back-loud- speaker signal fora frst back loudspeaker and a second. bck:loudspeaker signal fora second back loudspeaker. 54. Apparatus according to claim $3, wherein the back: loudspeakersignal-providing apparatus is configured for providing the first bak-loudspeaker signal andthe second bbock-loudspeaker signal based on the ambient signal such that the fist back-loudspeaker signal and the second back loudspeaker signal ae atleast purtally decoreated fom cach other. $55. Method for generating an ambient signal fom an audio signal, comprising: lossy compression ofa spectral representation ofthe audio sanal,desribing a spectrogram ofthe audio signal, aso aguite a compressed spectral representation ofthe ‘aio signal: caleulatng a difference between the compressed spectral representation ofthe audi signal aad the representation ofthe audio signal so as to acquire 8 discrimination representation; and providing the ambient signal using the discrimination rep resentation US 2010/0030563 Al 6. Method for derivinga multi-channel audio signal com- prising a front-loudspeaker signal and a back-loudspeaker Signal rom an audio signal, comprising ‘generating the ambient signal from the audio signal according to claim $5; roviding the audio signal or signal derived therefrom as the font-loudspeaker signal; and roviding the amiiont signal o¢ a signal derived theceom asthe back-loudspeaker signal 857. Apparatus for deriving « multi-channel audio signal ‘comprising a front-lodspeaker signal and a back-lowd speaker signal from an audi signal, comprising: ‘an apparatus for generating an ambient signal from an audio signal, wherein the apparatus for generating an am om aa audio signal comprises: ‘compressor fora lossy compression ofa representation of the audio signal $038 to aequie a compeessed represen- tation ofthe audio signal; and caleulator for ealenating a difference between the com- pressed representation ofthe audi signal and the rep- resentation of the auto signal so as to acquire di crimination representation, describing the difference betwen the representation of the ‘audio signal and the compressed represeaation of the audio signal, and describing thore portions of the audio signal not played back i the losily compressed representation, and ‘wherein the compressor for lossy compression is config: ‘red such that signal portions exhibiting regular di bution ofthe energy orearrying a lage signal enemy are tobe comprised inthe compressed representation; ‘wherein the discrimination representation forms the ambi et sigual; ‘an apparatus for proving the sudio signal or a signal derived therefrom as the ron-loudspeaker signal; and aaback-lowdspeakersignal-providing apparatus for provi- ing the ambient signal provided by the apparatus for ‘generating the ambieat signal ora signal derived there- from asthe bock-loudspeaker signal ‘58. Apparatus for deriving « multi-channel audio signal comprising a fron-loudspeaker signal and a back-loud- speaker signal from an audio signal, comprising ‘an apparatus for generating an ambient signal from an audio signal, wherein the apparatus for generating an ambieat signal {rom an audio signal comprises: ‘compressor for lossy compression ofa representation of the audio signal sos to sequie a compressed represen- tation ofthe audio signa, calculator for calculating 8 difference between the com- pressed representation ofthe avai signal and the rep- resentation of the audio signal sos to acquire di crimination representation, deserbing he difference between the representation of the ‘audio signal and the compressed representation of the audio signal, and

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