Review Innovations CE Review for April 2024 - Hydraulics 6

HOOP AND CIRCUMFERENTIAL STRESSES Use (+) sign for upward motion and (-) sign for downward
(HOOP TENSION) motion.

1. Walls Carrying Stress in Pipes and Tanks

VERTICAL MOTION
𝑝𝐷
𝑡=
2𝑆! (𝑒𝑓𝑓)

t = thickness of the wall (mm)

D = inside diameter (mm)
p = unit pressure of fluid (MPa)
St = actual or allowable tensile stress in the wall (MPa)
eff = efficiency of the connections

Note: If efficiency of connections is not mentioned in the

problem, assume 100% efficiency

2. Hoops Carrying Stress in Pipes and Cylindrical

Tanks

2𝑇 𝑎
𝑆= 𝑝 = 𝛾ℎ 51 ± 7
𝑝𝐷 𝑔

S = center to center spacing of the hoops (mm) Use (+) sign for upward motion and (-) sign for downward
T = tensile force in one hoop (N) motion. Also note that a is positive for acceleration and
negative for deceleration.

MOVING VESSEL
1. A 10 mm thick steel pipe with inside diameter of 600
mm conveys water under a head of 480 m.
Horizontal Motion
a. What is the tensile stress in the pipe in MPa?
b. What is the stress in the pipe wall if the head is
increased to 500 meters of water?
c. What is the required thickness under a head of
500 meters if the allowable tensile stress of the
pipe is 118 MPa and assuming that the joints are
80% efficient?

2. A 1.2-m Ø wood-stave pipe carries 76 m of water. It

is provided with 25-mm Ø steel hoops with an
allowable tensile stress of 104.3 MPa.
𝑎 a. What pressure of water will be resisted by the
tan 𝜃 = hoops?
𝑔 b. What is the actual tensile force in the hoops if
they are spaced at 75 mm center to center?
Inclined Motion
c. What spacing of the hoops will be
implemented?

3. An open tank 3 m long, 1.80 m wide, and 1.50 m high

contains water to a depth of 1.20 m. It is moving
parallel to a pair of longest sides. Determine the
following:
a. the maximum acceleration without spilling any
liquid.
b. the unbalanced force causing the acceleration in
part (1)?
c. the volume of water spilled if accelerated at 3
m/s2?
d. the volume of water retained when accelerated
𝑎" at 5.4 m/s2?
tan 𝜃 =
𝑔 ± 𝑎#

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 Review Innovations CE Review for April 2024 - Hydraulics 6
4. A closed tank 2.4 m long, 1.2 m wide and 1.4 m high
contains water 1.1 m deep. A small hole is located
near the center of the cover. It moves in the direction
parallel to the 2.4-m dimension.
a. Determine the acceleration needed so that the
water surface will just touch the bottom of the
front wall.
b. Determine the pressure at the bottom of the rear
wall.
c. Determine the force of water acting on the top
of the tank.
d. Determine the total force acting on the bottom
of the tank.

5. An open circular cylinder with 2 m of water is acted

by an unbalanced upward force of 20 kN. The
volume of water inside the cylinder is 6.28 m3.
a. Compute the acceleration of the tank.
b. Compute the pressure at the bottom of the tank.
c. Calculate the force on the bottom of the tank.

6. A wood-stave pipe carries water under a head of 115

m. It is bound by 20-mm Ø steel hoops having an
allowable tensile stress of 98 MPa. Calculate the
required spacing of the hoops if the pipe’s inside
diameter is 90 cm.

7. A steel pipe having a diameter of 0.90 m carries water

under a head of 230 m of water.
a. Compute the internal pressure on the pipe.
b. Compute the required wall thickness if the
allowable stress for steel pipe is 110 MPa.
c. Compute the tangential force on the steel pipe.

8. A closed cylindrical tank is 2.4 m in diameter and 7.5

m long is completely filled with gasoline (sg = 0.90).
The tank, with its long axis horizontal, is pulled by a
truck along a horizontal surface.
a. Determine the pressure difference between the
ends (along the long axis of the tank) when the
truck undergoes an acceleration of 1.5 m/s2.
b. Determine the force on the front wall.
c. Determine the force on the rear wall.

9. An open vessel of water accelerates up a 25° plane at

2.5 m/s2.
a. What is the horizontal component of the
acceleration?
b. What is the vertical component of the
acceleration?
c. What is the angle that the water surface makes
with the horizontal?

6) 61 mm
7) 2256.3 kPa, 9.2 mm, 1015.3 kN
8) 10.125 kPa, 47.9 kN, 93.7 kN
9) 2.27 m/s2, 1.06 m/s2, 11.8°

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