spanish notes

Spanish Colonial Architecture

Delves on the influence of Spaniards during its colonial era in the Philippines. It is the
renaissance period when Ferdinand Magellan’s ships came. It is known before na Spain
and Portugal yung main colonizers. At the same year, they reached Philippines and
started to influence Christianity among Filipinos. Magellan was shot ng pana on his
leg,died here at hindi na nakabalik ng Espanya. This is with the help ng crew ni Lapu-
lapu in resistance sa influence ng mg Spaniards. Thus, this caused yung first war with
foreign nationals who tried to colonize Philippines. After this, the influence wasn’t fully
registered.
1521
1565-1898
Years of successful colonization when Legaspi’s ship came sa Maynila. There under na
talaga tayo ng colony ng Spain that caused the influence on our Architecture. The
prevailing architecture style at that time is Baroque Architecture.
BUILDINGS INTRODUCED DURING THIS ERA
Most are made out of kahoy, pawid, bamboo basta ephemeral materials (mabilis mag
perish)

Simbahan (what are found inside a church complex are the following: )

Campanario – Bell tower that could be attached or detached sa simabahan

Convento – bahay ng priest that could attached or detached

Escuela – school na at that time ay private system pa and mga lalaki lang ang
pinag-aaral

Bahay na bato – wood of stone but would highly depende sa geographical location.

Manila - adobe stone

Bulubundukin- lime stone

Seaside halos – coral stone

Albay – volcanic tuff

Civic Buildings

Farola – lighthouse due vast use of sea for transport

Puente – Stone Bridges

Plaza – Squares (pero may plaza na talaga sa mga babarey)

Calle – streets fro easie kalakalan

Fuerza or Fortaleza – Fortification to protect our country dahil vast ang mga
islands and prone to pirate attacks

And many more.

spanish notes 1
 LAW OF THE INDIES
Proclaimed by King Philip II on July 3, 1573
Series of laws that guided yung mga Spaniards sa planning of cities, towns, villages
among its colonial cities. Lalo na’t nageexpand nga yung mga colonies nila. This is to
mainly establish governance and power.
Common characteristics

Rectangular plan

Main square/ plaza in the center (surrounded by the following)

If mas malapit ka sa plaza mas mataas social status mo.

Government buildings

Hospital

Church

Private school in each city

Residential houses (may sectors)

Elites - Spanish that handles the town

Farmers – nasa dulo dahil din sa agriculture

CHURCH
Managed by the prailes yung private school

Bapisteryo – Nakalaan for baptismal purposes

Campanario/ kampanaryo – Bell tower that could be attached or detached sa

simabahan that supports yung church bell para sa pagtatawag ng mga kristyano.

Convento/ Kumbento – bahay ng priest that could attached or detached

Escuela/ Eskwela – school na at that time ay private system pa and mga lalaki lang
ang pinag-aaral

Patyo ng simbahan – church plaza kung saan nakalaan para sa mga seremonya.
Karaniwang itong enclosed ng stone wall (via crucis – way of the cross) ay carved
sa perimeter ng wall

PLAN TYPES:

LINEAR

LATIN CROSS – mas longer yung isang end from its intersection. Could vary
based sa lot given, pwedeng yung vertical ay maikli then yung horizontal ay
mahaba or could be done vice versa.

GREEK CROSS – nakagitna yung intersecting form. Usually, equal yung

horizaontal at vertical components. Medyo bihira yung gamit ng Greek cross
dito sa atin.

TYPES OF CHURCHES:

CATHEDRAL

spanish notes 2
 Principal church or pinaka-malaki na naghhouse for the Christian diocese or
government or ng bishop’s throne. This could be iisang diocese lang ng city or
maraming cities ang kasama

Yung manila cathedral ay one isa sa mga mararming lumang simabahan ng Pilipinas.
Nagdaan na yan sa napakaraming restoration sa structural and all kasi originally gawa
siya sa ephemeral materials (bamboo, pawid nipa and other more). This is done dahil
sa aftermath ng bagyo, lindol and other causes. There is a total of 8 renovations yung
recent ay di katulad sa its prior look.

Has ambiguous shape that is almost linear or latin cross yung planning.
MANILA CATHEDRAL in INTRAMURUOS, MANILA

GITNANG PASILYO – also known as ‘navis’ sa latin word that means ship. Hatid
nitong simbolo ng faithful journey sa buhay with the creator

ALKOBA/ ALCOVE – Serves as transition space sa much larger room.

PANGUNAHING PASUKAN – carved ornamentation sa front door ng church.

Attached dito yung smelt door called ‘postigo’

ARKADA/ ARCADE – Row of columns with arches that separated yung mga side
aisle from nave.

KAPILYA – nakalaan para sa private prayers and small religious services

ALTAR MAYOR - Raised rectangular stone slab para sa religious rites. Found sa
end ng nave.

APSE – adjacent sa altar na semi-circular in shape

TORRE DEL RELOJ/ TOWER CLOCK – bell tower na may orasan

FORTRESS CHURCH

Fortified church ay karaniwang gawa ng mga Augustinians. This fortification is for

protection sa pirate attacks or war. Para maiwasan yung pagkawala ng mga gamit kasi
most of the time devoted/ devout ang mga mananampalataya.
CAPUL CHURCH in SAMAR

KAMPANARYO/ CAMPANARIO – attached or detached bell tower

DEPENSANG PADER/ ENCEINTE/ DEFESIVE WALL – fortified wall for protection

sa church at town

BALWARTE – projecting part ng fortification, could be polygonal or round and

esttablised for weaponsd when needed.

MURO CORTINA/ PERIMETER WALL – fortified wall sa gitna ng mga balwarte or

towers.

PARAPETO/ PARAPET/ EMBRASURE – for defensive measures ulit pero mas low
lang ang protective wall na ito. May merlons and crenels as a room para sa canon

BALON/ POSO/ WELL - groundwater resource

FUNERARY CHAPEL

spanish notes 3
 Isang chapel na nasa loob ng cementery for ceremonies or services called
“camposanto”

La Loma Funeral Chapel in Quezon City

San Joaquin Funeral Chapel in Iloilo

PERRON- external grand staircase for ceremony

Lagging mataas para bahala na daw si lordt

PACO CHAPEL in MANILA – Circular plan

Due to 1800s cholera outbreak mas napapalibutan ng nitso yung chapel

NITSO/ NICHO/ NICHE –small compartments of libingan instead sa ground.

LAPIDA/ GRAVESTONE – inscribed slab na nagtatala ng name at date ng

pagkamatay ng nilibing usually found sa taas ng nicho.

LIBINGAN/ CAMPOCANTO/ GRAVEYARD- A distance sa cities ot towns kung

sanan nililbing ang mga namatay

HUKAY/ sepultura/ grave – excavation para sa patay

OSUARYO/ OSUARIO/ OSSUARY – small storage ng buto ng namatay inside sa

chapel or church.

LOOB NG KAPILYA – espasyo kung saan idinadaos ang ceremonies para sa mga
patay.

MOSOLEYO/ MAUSOLEO/ MAUSOLEUM – gawa sa stone na nakalaan para sa

namatay na importanteng tao.

FACADE

SIWANG NA HUGIS ARKO/ LUNETO/ LUNETTE -bringing natural light and

ventilation ito ay semi-circular s alatern ng dome or cupola

MALAPOSTE/ PILASTRA/ PILASTER- decoration sa wall na protruding na

stimulating a pillar sa base, shaft and capital.

LINTERNA/ LANTERN – found sa top ng dome or cupola kung saan ay isang

structure na vertical used for natural lighting.

ARKONG PABILOG/ ARCO REDONDA/ ROUND ARCH – also known as intrados

sa curved semicircle type of arch yan

RELYEBE/ RELIEF/ RELIEVE – embossed sculptural design

MONASTIC CHURCH

It means na present yung monasteryo o monastery complex based sa isang religious

order. Parang school para sa mga balak maging pari.

SAN AGUSTIN CHURCH at INTRAMUROS, MANILA

One of 8 churches na meron sa intramuros. Beyond the war na nangyari American and
Japanese, ito lang yung church na yung features ay nagsurvive throughout the years.
Yung iba durog talaga kaya yung manila cathedral at san Agustin church nalang yung
natira. May reconstruction ng isang church sa likod ng PLM, Saint Ignatius as events
place hindi na as church. Malaki kasi may monastery.

spanish notes 4
 RETABLO/ RETABLE/ ALTAR PIECE – framework behind ng alter, carved with
ledge and nagsisilbing niche para sa saints at tabernacle.

PRESBITERYO/ PRESIBITERY/ PRESBITERIO- nakalaan para sa clergy kung

saan makikita ang main altar

LUHURANG PANG-KOMUNYON/ COMULGATORIO/ COMMUNIO RAIL – place

kung saan pwedeng mag-kneel down near the altar

NARTHEX – transitional space before sa main entrance ng nave ng church

PANGUNAHING PASUKAN – Main entrance or portal principal

PATYO NG SIMBAHAN/ PLAZA IGLESIA/ CHURCH PLAZA – open space infront of

the church intended para sa ceremonies or any religious activities. Usually,
enclosed ito ng stone wall

PATYO – may internal patio naman bounded ng walls ng church or sometimes ng

cloister

REFECTORYO/ REFECTORIO/ REFECTORY – dining hall para sa convent or mga

monestarios

KLOSTRO/ CLAUSTRO/ CLOISTER – covered passage with colonnade or arcade

adjacent sa court

TYPANUM OCULUS - window na circle in shape that can be found sa tympanium of

a pediment. This is present for heat removal sa ceiling ng church.

PARISH CHURCH

Aside from mga diocese may other church pa yun yung parish church. Usually, nasa
gitna ito ng town and intended sa ecclesiastical unit (diocese dati ay isang isl aor city
per ay per probinsiya) residence ng priest or bishop.

STA. MARIA CHURCH ng ILOCOS SUR

Baroque church na found sa taas ng burol. In addition, may 4 baroque churches na

listed as world heritage. Dapa t mapreserve yung surroundings din kasi requirement/
qualifications. The following are:

maria ng ilocos sur

san agustin ng manila

san agutin ng paoay or paoay church

MIagao church

PAROKYA/ PARROQUIA/ PARISH – siyudad or bayan na mayroong baryo at

bisitas na under sa religious jurisdiction ng residence ng pari

BAPISTERYO/ BAPISTERIO/ BAPISTRY – nakalaan sa baptismal na maaring

malapit sa bell tower

PASILYO/ PASILIO/ AISLE – secondary longitudinal corridor near sa nave

PULPITO/ PULPITA/ PULPIT – elevated na enclosed stand along sa wall ng

congregation area para sa guest sermon

spanish notes 5
 DAWDAWAN/ PILA DE AGUA BENDITA/ STOUP – basin para sa holy water
located malapit sa entrance minsan attached siya sa wall or pillar or could be
freestanding

BENDITAHAN/ PILA BAUTISMAL/ BAPTISMAL FONT – stone vessel na

naglalaman ng water for baptismal.

KONTRAPUWENTE/ CONTRAFUERTE/ BUTTRESS – vertical structure for

masonry purposes that is mainly for supporting and stabilizing the wall.

TEMPLETE/ URN – vase-shaped arrangement ng bricks placed above ng structure

like entablature or sa bell tower as crowning element.

SAKRISTIYA/ SACRISTA/ SACRISTY – room malapit sa prebystery or behind ng

altar dito nakatago yung gamit sa service like sacred vessels, ornaments robe or
vest ng pari at other paraphernala.

KUMBENTO/ CONVENTO/ CASA PARROQUIAL/ RECTORY – structure na

adjacent sa adjoini gparish church with offices para sa religious functions sa lower
floors at residence namanm ng par isa taas.

Usual na makikita sa loob ng simbahan:

Aranya – chandelier

Atril - lecterns

Badaho – bell clapper

Bangko – bench

Blandon – large church candlestick

Blandonsilyo – small church candlestock

Rebulto – religious image

Kalis - chalice

Kandelaryo - candlestick

Komodia – cabinet with drawers

Kumpisalan - confessional

Krusipijo – crucifix

PILGRIM CHURCH

For pilgrimage church especially sa patron ng specific na simbahan. The sole difference
is that pwede pumunta sa likod nung passageway nay un para magbpunas sa patron ng
rebulto.
SHRINE OF PENAFRANCA ng NAGA CITY, CAMARINES SUR

SAGRARYO/ TABERNAKULO/ SAGARIO/ TABARNACLE – considered as a major

element ng altar. It is a woodedn or metal container na ornamented panel doors.
Dito tinatago yung holy host or yung sacramental bread.

GRUDILLAS – steps flanking the tabernacle

spanish notes 6
 PEDIMENTED DOORWAY – ornamentation attached to the exterior wall above sa
door ng church sa triangular pediment.

IMAHEN – visual representation ng holy being at times, carved or painted siya

KROSING/ CRUCEM/ CROSSING – are kung saan naggaanap nave crosses ang
transcript

ARCOS TORALES – arches that is connected sa nave at transcripts that

aprovideds support sa central dome.

EAVE DE CRUICERO/ TRANSIPT – froms cruciform plan or layout in church

PASILYO/ PASSAGEWAY – narrow passageway sa likod ng l=pilgrim church

ARCHITECTURAL STYLES

EARTHQUAKE BAROQUE

Types of church tas is intended fro counter measuring yung seismic activites. To counter
that its walls are thick and has the elements ng baroque church na scrolled buttress,
volutes, plain façade with pilasters and oranamental urns. Pilasters ay protruding
columns na nakadikit sa wall

PAOAY CHURCH

PINACULA/ FINIAL

SCROLLED BUTTRESS

SPRINGCOURSE

KORNISA/ CORNICE

NITSO/ NICHE

MEDALYON/ MEDAIILION

RAKING CORNICE

FILIPINO-HISPANIC ROCOCO

Developed after baroque that has distincrt shell works, foliage na with scrolls, rocaille,
PH flora and fauna as motifs

MIAG-AO CHURCH

ROCAILLE – refers to rock work or stonework as well as use of shells, rocks and
plants as ornaments

SCROLL WORK – ornamentations with scrolls or spiral

RELYEBANG HUGIS PUNO NG NIYOG/ COCONUT TREE RELIEF

CHRISTOPHER CARRING THE CHILD JESUS

DISENYONG MALADAHON NG NIYOG/ PALM LEAF MOTIF

RELYEBANG HUGIF PAPAYA/ PAPAYA TREE RELIEF

OXEYE WINDOW

DISENSYONG MALABIBE/ SHELL MOTIF

spanish notes 7
 GOTHIC REVIVAL

Sa PH there’s no flying buttress but has pointed arch, ribbed vault, traceried window,
slender pier and column at lofty steeple.

SAN SEBASTIAN CHURCH

STO. DOMINGO CHURCH
Originally, nasa intramurous ito now in QC. Nasira sa WWII neogothic na yung style
niya due to restoration.

ORO FINIAL

CROCKET

KAMPANA/ BATINGAW/ CHURCH BELL

CAMPANA DE VUELO

STOP

ARKIBOBEDA/ BOVEDA/ ARCHIVOLT

TRACERIA/ TRACERY

LANCET DECORATION

GABLET

PINACULO/ PINNACLE

HIGH RENAISSANCE

Late 15th to early 16th century na features heavy rustification, sculptural volume,
classical elements at illusion. Actually, this style ay mas nauna pa sa baroque at
Rococo, though, may observed similarities sa baroque at renaissance. This is para
mataas para mukhang majestic kahit onti lang budget
BINONDO CHURCH

Hery rustication and classical elements like columns, arches (pasimuno ay romans)

TIMPANO/ TYMPANUM

DALAWAHANG POSTE/ COLUMNAS ACOPLADAS/ COUPLED COLUMN

PRONTON/ FRONTON/ PEDIMENT

KRUS/ CRUZ/ CROSS

MALABINTANA/ VENTANA CIEGA/ BLIND WINDOW

BAKOD/ CERCA/ FENCE

ROMANESQUE REVIVAL

Late 19th century elements thus having round arch, thick wall, small window, and
division of interiors into compartment bays.

MANILA CATHEDRAL – change in bell tower shape hindi na mukhang pagoda.

DRUM

LINTERNA/ LANTERN

spanish notes 8
 SIMBORYA/ MEDIA MARANYA/ DOME

MEDILYON/ MEDILION

BINTANANG MALAGULONG

BARANDILYA/ BALUSTRADE

PAILALIM NA RKONG PASUKAN/ RECESSED ENTRANCE ARCH

FRET/ FRETES

GREEK
ROMAN

EARLY CHRSITIAN
BYZANTINE

ROMANESQUE
GOTHIC
RENAISSANCE

BAROQUE
ROCOCO

AND SO ON AND SO FORTH

SOME DETAILS OF A CHURCH
RETABLO/ ALTAR:

SIDE NICHE OR PANEL

KUWERPA/ CUERPO/ HORIZONTAL REGISTER

GITNANG NITSO/ CENTRAL NICHE/ PANEL

ATTIC/ REMATE

DALAWAHANG MALAPOSTE/ PILASTRAS ACOPLADOS/ COUPLED PLASTERS

REREDAS

ARBOTANTE/ ARBOTANTE/ VOLUTE ORNAMENT

PREDELYA/ ALTARPIECE BASE

KALYE/ CALLE/ VERTICAL REGISTER

RAMILYETE/ CLUSTER OF FLOWERS/ RAMILIETE

DOOR DETAILS

MUNTINS

TABLERO/ TABLERO/ BOARD

KANDADO/ CERRADURA/ LOCK

TRABENSANYO/ TRAVERSANO/ LOCK RAIL

TRANGKA/ ALDABA/ LATCH

spanish notes 9
 BISAGRA/ HINGE/ BISAGRA

LARGUERO/ JAMBA BATIENTE STILE

TADYANG/ JAMBA CENTRAL/ MULLION

BANDEHA/ BANDEJA/ PANEL

TADYANG/ CABIA BAJA/ BOTTOM RAIL

HAMBA/ JAMBA/ JAMB

SOMBRERO/ CARBIO ALTA/ TOP RAIL

PINTA/ PUERTO/ DOOR

VAULTING
BOVEDA DE MEDIO PUNOT/ BARREL VAULT
BOVEDA RABAJADA/ SENTIMENTAL VAULT

BOVEDA AGIVAL/ POINTED VAULT

BOBERDA/ BOVEDA/ VAULT

EMBECEDOR

PANLABAS NG ARKO/ EXTOEDOS

SPRINGER

PANLOOB NA ARKO/ INTRAITIVE INTRADOS

ESTABA/ PIER

IMPOSTA/ SPRINGINGBASE

NISE

AFUJOR

PAUELA

BATANG PANGSARA SA ARKO/ CLAVE

RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
Filipino house/ bahay na bato/ bahay na mestisa ( may foreign influence na bahay with
architecture. Imbis na nipa ang gamit sa roofing teja na.

TYPES OF ROOF

TEJA CANAJADA – semi cylindrical roofing tile

TEJA PLANA – Flat roofing tile

PARTS OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS:

TEHA/ TEJA/ ROOF TILE

TEHADO/ TEJADO/ TILED ROOF

KALYE CRISOLOGO
Di naman lahat ng houses diyan ay di from Spanish era, there may influences. We used
Capiz windows kasi walang glass production. Transulecnt Capiz nalang. Bentanilya

spanish notes 10
 (baba ng main window) at estejo winodws (sa baba ng main window) used for
ventilation. Dati walang water closet--- gamit lang ng furniture nab utas yung ialalim.
Wala ding septic tank so yung jebs ay diresto sa koral na pinapakain sa mga baboy and
shit. Andg livable space lang alaga usually ay ang second floor, yung ground floor ay
storage or converted as tindahan. Like that nagsimula yung mga kariderya from word
cali given ng mga Indians na colony ng Britain pero due sa collab with Spanish antaboy
sila.

BALUSTRE/ BALUSTER/ BAAUSTRE

BINTANANG CAPIS/ VENTANA CAPIZ/ CAPIZ WINDOW

CAPIS/ CAPIZ/ CAPIZ PANE

CONCHERIA

CONCHA

MIRADOR

ASOTEA/ AZOTEA/ FLAT ROOF

KAIDA/ CAIDA/ ANTESALA

KUWARTO/ CUARTO/ BEDROOM

SALA/ LIVING ROOM

BODEGA/ STOREROOM

SAGUAN/ ZAGUAN/ ENTRANCE HALL

BANYO/ BATHROOM

KUBETA/ TOILET

KUSINA/ COCINA/ KITCHEN

KOMEDOR/ COMEDOR/ DINING

DISPENSA/ DISPENSA/ PANTRY

ALHIBE/ ALJIBE/ ALGIBE/ CISTERN

TINDAHAN/ TIENDA/ STORE

AKSESORYA/ ACCESORIA

WINDOWS

KALADO/ CALADO/ FRETWORK – window sa taas ng dingding for lighting and

ventialtion

KISAME/ QUISAME/ CEILING

KOSTILYAHE/ COSTILLAJE/ CEILING JOIST

ARTESONADO

ESPEHO/ ESPEJO

PERSIANA/ PERCIANA/ LOUVER WINDOW

SILYA/ CHAIR

spanish notes 11
 SAHIG/ ZUELO/ FLOOr

FACADE

MALA-ABAKANIKONG BINTANA

KOLONET/ COLONNETE

BRAKTE/ BRASO BRACKET

ALERO/ EACES

PASAMANO/ PASAMANO/ WINDOW SILL

BOLADA/ VOLADA/ UPPER FLOOR PROTECTION – kasya yung tao kung nasaan
yung mga alipin na namamahay

REHAS/ REJA/ GRILLE

DINGDING/ MURO/ WALL

TUBO DE BOJADA DE AGUA/ DOWNSPOUT

TUBO DE BANADA/ SOIL STACK

DINGDING NA KAHOT NA MAY BANDEHA/ WOOD WALLBOARD

WITH PANEL DESIGN

BINTANILYA/ VENTANILLA/ SMALL WINDOW

BINTANA/ WINDOW

ALULOD/ CANALON/ GUTTER

BUBONG/ TECHA/ ROOF

LIMA TESA/ HIP

LIMA HOYA/ VALLEY

PALU[O CUMBRERA/ RIDGE

YERONG BUBONG- HIERRO GALVANIZADA/ GALVANIZED ROOF

ANTEFIJA/ ANTEFIX

CONSTRUCTION DETAILS
Ground to upper floors ay pure na bato ang masonry wall ay ginagamitan din ng bricks
hindi lang stone. May protection din yang mga bato nilalagyan ng estupo or palitada
piyedra (granite). Klabiha yung wood dowel.

TAHILAN/ VIGA/ RAFTER

BOSOLAN/ VIGA/ ROOF BEAM

TRASEBANYO/ HORIZONTAL STUD

PILARETE/ VERTICAL STUD

GILILAN/ SOLEPLATE

TABLA/ FLOORBOARD/ TABLASUELO

LANGUWETE/ LANGUETTE/ TONGUE AND GROOVE

spanish notes 12
 SOLERAS/ FLOOR JOIST

HALIGI/ HARIGUE/ POST

PUNDASYON/ FOOTING

SOKALO/ ZOCALO/ FOOTING BLOCK

PADER/ CALICANTO/ LIME AND MASONRY WALL

TAHILAN/ CAHAB-AN/ VIGA DEL PISO/ FLOOR BEAM

REHAS NA BUNTIS/ BARRIGONES/ BULDGIN IRON GRILLES

BARAKILAN/ LARGUERA/ REOSTRA/ PURLIN

BARATEJA/ VARATEJA/ BATTENS

PENDOLAN/ KING OR QUEEN POST

PALUPO/ CABALLETE/ RIDGE BEAM

KABALYETE/ RIDGE ROLL

TIRANTE/ TIE BEAM/ BOTTOM CHORD

MAMPOSTERIA/ RUBBLE

LARGAMASA/ ARGAMASA/ MORTAR

PALAPALA/ ANDAMYO

DOS AGWAS/ DOS AGUAS/ GABLE ROOF

KUWATRO AGRWAS/ CUATRO AGUAS/ HIP ROOF

MEDYA AGWA/ MEDIA AGWA/ AWNING

SANAPA/ CENAFA/ FASCIA BOARD

SILYAR/ SILLAR/ DIMENSION STONE

TABIKE PAMPANGO/ TABIQUE PAMPANGO

DE SIILYAR/ DE SILLAR/ DIMENSION STONE MASONRY

ANDAMIO/ SCAFFHOLDING

ARMADURA/ FRAMEWORK

STUCCO

PALITADA/ PLASTER FINISH

TABIKE/ TABIQUE/ THIN MASONRY WALL

PIYEDRA/ PIEDRA/ DIMENSION GRANITE STONE

ASULEHOS/ AZULEJOS/ GLAZED TILES

HALO/ MIZLA/ MIXTURE

KALIKANTO/ CAL Y CANTO

PLASTER/ EMPLASTOR

KLABIHA/ CLAVIJA/ WOOD DOWEL

spanish notes 13
 PARTS OF STAIRS:

HAGDAN/ ESCALERA/ STAIR

PASAMANO/ PASAMANOS/ HANDRAIL

MADRANG-HAGDAN/ STRINGER

BARANDILYA/ BARANDILIA/ RAILING

BAITANG/ HUELLA/ TREAD

MESETA/ MESETA/ LANDING

TAKIP-SILIPAN/ CONTRAHUELA/ RISER

KAHABAAN NG HAGDAN/ TRAMO DE ESCELERA/ FLIGHT OF STAIR

TYPR OF STAIRS:

ESCALERA IMPERIAL/ DOUBLE RETUN STAIR

ESCALERA A LA CATALANA/ DOUBLE-L STAIR

ESCALERA DE ISA Y VUELTA/ HALF TURN STAIR

ESCALERA DE DOS TRAMOS/ QUARTER TURN STAIR

ESCALERA RECTA DE UN SOLO TRAMA/ STRAIGHT RUN STAIR

ESPIRAL/ SPIRAL

ESCALERA DE OJO/ CIRCULAR STAIR

ESCALERA CURVE DE UN SOLO TRAMO/ STRAIGHT-RUN CURVE STAIR

FORTS
Originally palisade talaga ang fortidfication kasi di ba kaya natin kaya ang masonry.
Most of the time they can be found sa tabing dagat for protection nga.

BODEGA NG PULBURA/ ALMACEN DE POLVORA

KALSADANG PANG-PATROLYA/ GANGWAY/ CAMINO DE RONDA

BALWARTE/ BALUERTE/ BASTION

MERLON

SHOULDER

TERREPLEIN

CRENEL

PARAPETO/ PARAPETO/ PARAPET

CARA/ FACE

FLANCO/ FLANK

EPAULE

ESCARPA/ ESCARP

MAWR/ FOSO/ MOAT

spanish notes 14
 PLASA NG MILITAR/ PLAZA DE ARMAS/ MILITARY PLAZA

BALWARTE NI SAND DIEGO

BALWARTE NI SAN ANDRES

BALUARTE DE DILAO
CIVIC BUILDINGS
ADUANA BUILDING OR INTENDENCIA – CUSTOMS HOUSE DAHIL NADAAN SA
ILOG PASIG PARANG IMMIGRATION SIYA
AYUNTAMIENTO – city hall nasa left side ng plaza nasira nung WWII, dati façade lang
pero ngayon may floors na siya and office na ng national treasury

HOSPITAL
HOSPITAL DE SAN JUAN DE DIOS – not in intramurous na nasa roxas boulevard na
siya pinalitan ng red cross.
FARO
Light house na found sa high elevation areas.
FARO CABO CAPE BOJEADOR sa BURGOS, ILOCOS NORTE

ALMASEN/ ALMACEN/ STORAGE ROOM

PABELYON/ PAVILION

CUPULA/ CUPOLA

BINTANANG SALAMIN/ GLASS PANE

TORE/ TORRE/ TOWER

BENTILASYON/ VENTILATION

PARAPET/ PARAPETO

TAAS NG POKAL/ ALTURA FOCAL/ FOCUS PLANE

OPTIKAN FRESNEL/ OPTION DE FRESNEL/ FRESNEL LENS

ILAW NG PARO/ LIGGHTHOUSE LIGHT

PRISMA/ PRISM

LINTERNA/ LANTERN

BERANDA/ VERANDA

PUENTE
MALAGONLONG BRIDGE, TAYABAS, QUEZON – ginawa nung patapos na yung psain
colonization dahil humihina na sila dahil maraming expense

PUENTE DE CAPRICHO, MAJAYJAY, LAGUNA

PUENTE DE ESPANA, MANILA
PUENTE DE COLGANTE, MANILA
PLAZA
PLAZA GOITI, STA. CRUZ MANILA

spanish notes 15
 PLAZA ROMA, INTRAMUROS, MANILA
PLAZA RIZAL, LAGUNA

spanish notes 16