Subject Theme Topic Date

MATHEMATICS Algebraic SIMULTANEOUS 25TH – 29TH OCTOBER,

Processes LINEAR EQUATIONS 2021

Time: 40 minutes Period: 5 Class: JSS3 Number of Students: 4 Average

Age: 12 Sex: Mixed
Learning objectives: At the end of this lesson, the students will be able to;
1. Solve simultaneous equation using substitution method
2. Solve simultaneous equation using elimination method
3. Apply substitution & elimination method in real life activities
Rationale; the knowledge gotten from this lesson will help students develop numerical
skills, think critically and solve problems.
Prerequisite knowledge: They are familiar with simple equations and have little
knowledge about simultaneous equations.
Instructional materials: Flash cards

Day 1 & 2
Monday 1st & Tuesday 2nd November, 2021
Solving simultaneous equations using substitution method
Steps/time Teacher activity Students’ activity Differentia

Introduction/step Teacher introduces the topic by reminding them of Students answer the Class activit
1 linear equation. questions
(10 minutes)
We have already learnt that linear equation in two
variable x and y is in the form
Where a, b, c are constant (real number) and at
least one of a and b is non-zero.
The graph of linear equation is
always a straight line.
Every linear equation in two variables has an infinite
number of solutions. Here, we will learn about two
linear equations in 2 variables. (Both equations
having to same variable i.e., x, y)

He then explains the concept of simultaneous

equations as below:

Two linear equations in two variables taken

together are called simultaneous linear equations.
The solution of system of simultaneous linear
equation is the ordered pair (x, y) which satisfies
both the linear equations.

He gives an instance as below:

In a stationery shop, cost of 3 pencil cutters

exceeds the price of 2 pens by #2. Also, total
price of 7 pencil cutters and 3 pens is #43.

Follow the steps of instruction along with the

method of solution.
Step I:
Identify the unknown variables; assume one of
them as x and the other as y
Here two unknown quantities (variables) are:
Price of each pencil cutter = #x
Price of each pen = #y
 Step II:
Identify the relation between the unknown
quantities.
Price of 3 pencil cutter =#3x
Price of 2 pens = #2y

Therefore, first condition gives: 3x – 2y = 2

Step III: Express the conditions of the problem

in terms of x and y
Again price of 7 pencil cutters = #7x
Price of 3 pens = #3y
Therefore, second condition gives: 7x + 3y = 43
Simultaneous equations formed from the
problems:
3x – 2y = 2 ----------- (i)
7x + 3y = 43 ----------- (ii)

Teacher also explains that that there are 3

methods of solving simultaneous equations; they
are:
1. Substitution method
2. Elimination method
3. Graphical method

He also explains them

Step 2 Teacher gives examples Students observe the Whole cla
(10 minutes) x+y=7 ………… (i) solutions activity
3x - 2y = 11 ………… (ii)

Solving using substitution method

Solution:
The given equations are:
x+y=7 ………… (i)
3x - 2y = 11 ………… (ii)

From (i) we get y = 7 – x

Now, substituting the value of y in equation
(ii), we get;
3x - 2 (7 - x) = 11
3x - 14 + 2x = 11
or, 3x + 2x - 14 = 11
or, 5x - 14 = 11
or, 5x -14 + 14 = 11 + 14
[add 14 in both the sides]
or, 5x = 11 + 14
or, 5x = 25

or,
[divide by 5 in both the sides]
x=5

Substituting the value of x in equation (i), we

get;
 x+y=7
Put the value of x = 5
5+y=7
5–5+y=7–5
y=7–5
y=2

Therefore, (5, 2) is the solution of the system

of equation x + y = 7 and 3x – 2y = 11

Step 3 ( 5 Students listens and Whole class

minutes) Teacher gives more example: observe the solutions activity
Solve the system of equation

2x – 3y = 1 and 3x – 4y = 1.

Solution:

The given equations are:

From equation (i), we get;

2x = 1 + 3y
x = ¹/₂(1 + 3y)

Substituting the value of x in equation (ii),

we get;

Substituting the value of y in equation (i)

Therefore, x = -1 and y = -1 is the solution

of the system of equation

Teacher makes sure to explain step by step as it

tends to get confusing at times.

Step 4 ( 10 Teacher gives jotter work and also solve after the Students attempts Whole class
minutes) students have attempted it. jotter work
 Solve the system of the equation

Teacher observes their workings and also makes

corrections.

Evaluation Teacher gives quick activity Students attempt the Whole class
(10 minutes) New concept Mathematics for JSS3, chapter questions activity
10, page 81. Exercise 10.1

No. 1 - 4

Conclusion The teacher summarizes the lesson

(5 minutes)
Assignment New concept Mathematics for JSS3, chapter student work out tasks
10, page 81. Exercise 10.1

No. 1 - 4
New concept mathematics for jss3, chapter 8, page 72
https://www.mathsisfun.com/algebra/systems-linear-equations.html
https://www.math-only-math.com/Simultaneous-linear-equations.html
https://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-guides/algebra/algebra-i/equations-with-
two-variables/solving-systems-of-equations-simultaneous-equations
New concept Mathematics for JSS3, chapter 10, page 81
Day 3
Wednesday, 3rd October, 2021
Solve simultaneous equation using elimination method
Steps/time Teacher activity Students’ Differentiation
activity
Introduction/step 1 Teacher gives assess the students based on Students solve Whole class act
(5 minutes) previous topic problems

Step 2 (10 minutes) Students observe Whole class act

Teacher introduces the elimination method of solving
pairs of simultaneous equation: the solutions and
listens to the
Follow the steps to solve the system ofexplanation
linear equations by using the simultaneously
elimination method:

(i) Multiply the given equation by suitable

constant so as to make the coefficients of
the variable to be eliminated equal.

(ii) Add the new equations obtained if the

terms having the same coefficient are
opposite signs and subtract if they are of
the same sign.

(iii) Solve the equation thus obtained.

(iv) Substitute the value found in any one

the given equations.

(v) Solve it to get the value of the other

 variable

Step 3 ( 5 minutes) Students observe Whole class

the example and activity
Solve the system of equation 2x + y = -4 also listens to
and 5x – 3y = 1 by the method of explanations
elimination.

Solution:

The given equations are:

2x + y = -4 …………… (i)
5x – 3y = 1 …………… (ii)

Multiply equation (i) by 3, we get;

{2x + y = -4} …………… {× 3}
6x + 3y = -12 …………… (iii)

Adding (ii) and (iii), we get;

x = -11/11
x = -1

Substituting the value of x = -1 in equation

(i), we get;
2 × (-1) + y = -4
-2 + y = -4
-2 + 2 + y = -4 + 2
y = -4 + 2
y = -2
Therefore, x = -1 and y = -2 is the solution
of the system of equations 2x + y = -4 and
5x – 3y = 1

Step 4 (5 minutes) Teacher gives more examples as below:

Solve the system of equation 2x + 3y =

11, x + 2y = 7 by the method of
elimination.

Solution:

The given equations are:

2x + 3y = 11 …………… (i)
x + 2y = 7 …………… (ii)

Multiply the equation (ii) by 2, we get

{x + 2y = 7} …………… (× 2)
 2x + 4y = 14 …………… (iii)

Subtract equation (i) and (ii), we get

Substituting the value of y = 3 in equation

(i), we get

2x + 3y = 11
2x + 3 × 3 = 11
2x + 9 = 11
2x + 9 – 9 = 11 – 9
2x = 11 – 9
2x = 2
x = 2/2
x=1

Therefore, x = 1 and y = 3 is the solution

of the system of the given equations.

Teacher then gives jotter work:

Solve the pair of simultaneous equations

by elimination method:

Step 4 (10 minutes) Teacher gives class activity Students solves Individual activ
New concept mathematics for JSS3, Chapter the questions
10, page 99

Exercise 10.3

No. 2 - 6
Step 4 (10 minutes) Teacher summarizes the topic Students Individual activ
Evaluation attempts the
problems
Summary (5 minutes) New concept mathematics for JSS3, Chapter Students listens
10, page 99

Exercise 10.3

No. 7 - 11
Assignment Students workout Individual activ
tasks
New concept mathematics for JSS3, Chapter 10, page 99

https://www.math-only-math.com/elimination-method.html

Day 4
Thursday, 4th October, 2021.
Apply substitution & elimination method in real life activities
Steps/time Teacher activity Students’ Differentiation
activity
Introductio Teacher assesses the students based on Students Whole class activity
n/step 1 previous topic solve
(10 questions
minutes)

Step 2 (10 Teacher explains the steps to solve real life Students Whole class activity
minutes) situation in simultaneous equations using the listens
following guidelines: attentively

1. Identify the unknown variables

2. Interpret the word problems into mathematical
statements or equation
3. Use any convenient method to solve the
resulting equations

For example:
Two pens and one eraser cost #35 and three
pencil and four erasers cost #65. Find the cost of
pencil and eraser separately.

Solution:
Let the cost of pen = x and the cost of eraser =
y
Then 2x + y = 35 ……………(i)
And 3x + 4y = 65 ……………(ii)
 Multiplying equation (i) by 4,

Subtracting (iii) and (ii), we get;

5x = 75
5x/5 = 75/5
x = 75/5
x = 15
Substituting the value of x = 15 in equation (i)
2x + y = 35 we get;
2 × 15 + y = 35
30 + y = 35
y = 35 – 30
y=5
Therefore, the cost of 1 pen is #15 and the
cost of 1 eraser is #5.

Teacher gives more example:

The sum of two numbers is 14 and their

difference is 2. Find the numbers.

Solution:

Let the two numbers be x and y.

x + y = 14 ………. (i)

x - y = 2 ………. (ii)

Adding equation (i) and (ii),

we get 2x = 16

x=8

Substituting the value x in equation (i), we

get

8 + y = 14

8 – 8 + y = 14 - 8

y = 14 - 8
 y=6

Therefore, x = 8 and y = 6

Hence, the two numbers are 6 and 8.

Step 3 ( 10 Teacher gives jotter work Students Whole class activity

minutes) attempts
The sum of the ages of a father and his son is jotter work
68 years. The difference in their ages is 28
years. Determine their ages
Evaluation New concept Mathematics for JSS3, chapter 10, Students Whole class activity.
(10 page 101 work out
minutes)
Exercise 10.4

No1 -5

Conclusion The teacher summarizes the lesson

(5 minutes)

Assignment New concept Mathematics for JSS3, chapter 10, Students Individual activity
page 101 workout the
tasks
Exercise 10.4

No 6 - 10
New concept Mathematics for JSS3, chapter 10, page 100

https://ng.siyavula.com/read/maths/jss3/simultaneous-linear-equations/06-
simultaneous-linear-equations?id=64-practical-applications

https://www.math-only-math.com/word-problems-on-simultaneous-linear-
equations.html#gallery[pageGallery]/1/