 Holistic is an approach to studying Science that integrates it with other fields.

 Act as key drivers to development, better the lives of poor people in developing
countries, and improve the economic status of country are the role of science and
technology.

 Aristotle began the scientific revolution of the Hellenistic period.

 Recognition of methodological importance of applying mathematics to natural

phenomena is one of the contribution of the Greeks in the history of science and
technology as early thinkers

 Renaissance was the period that is considered by many as the Golden Age of Science

 Printing was the invention in the 14th century that democratized learning and
allowed faster propagation of new ideas.

 During early Renaissance, rules of logic and deduction were seen as secondary to
intuition and emotion, that is why they seen it as one of the scientific backwardness.

 Johannes Gutenberg was the inventor of printing with movable metal type.

 Radical reorientation of science, Reason over superstition, and Science over blind
faith are the characteristic of Enlightenment Period.

 Great necessity was the primary reason in the development of technology during the
Pre-Spanish era.

 Health and medical sciences sectors primarily benefited from the growth and
application of science during the American period.

 Disdain toward manual work hindered the recruitment of students for science and
technology courses during the American period.

 Technology self-reliance key focus of science and technology initiatives in the 1970s
in the Philippines.

 Science Act of 1958 established the National Science Development Board (NSDB)
in 1958.

 During the administration of Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, the Development of the

Science and Technology Agenda for National Development (STAND) is the specific
initiative which aimed to improve science and technology in the Philippines.

 Proclamation of the Philippine Science Community in Bicutan was the significant

step that President Ferdinand Marcos did to propel the advancement of science and
technology in the Philippines.

 Republic Act No. 8439 aimed provide incentives and rewards for influential
individuals in the field of science and technology (S&T) during President Fidel
Ramos's administration

 According to Kuhn's theory, paradigm shift occur in science during the period of
intense focus on explaining anomalies and developing a new worldview. Paradigm
shift influence scientific research by setting boundaries on what is observed and
measured.Scientists question the foundational principles of the current existing
paradigm is one of the cause of paradigm shift.

 Hieroglyphic characters were adapted in the early Hyksos period (17th century BC)
by the Northwestern Semites living in Egypt.
 Jean-Martin Charcot is a neurologist who was one of Freud's biggest influences
during his early days and claimed that hysteria had primarily organic causes, and
that it had a regular, comprehensible pattern of symptoms.

 Epicycles is the smaller circular orbits that spin off the main orbits.

 E-Commerce is the truly revolutionary impact of information technology.

 Scientists and technologists were considered as the essential players in nation

building.

 Japan, Taiwan, South Korea, and China together produced a staggering 90% of the
world’s digital gadgets.

 Southern Africa, the kingdom of Monomotapa (Munhumutapa) reigned supreme as a

major gold producer.

 Mathematics. Plants, whether in terms of legumes, grain, vegetables, tubers, or, wild
or cultivated fruits were used as anesthetics or pain killers or analgesics for the
control of fever. Also, the applied sciences of agronomy, metallurgy, engineering and
textile production, as well as medicine, dominated the field of activity across Africa.

 Information revolution is a period of change that describes current economic, social

and technological trends beyond the Industrial Revolution. The information
revolution was fueled by advances in semiconductor technology, particularly the
metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) and the integrated
circuit (IC) chip, leading to the Information Age in the early 21st century.

 National Research Council of the Philippines is the one who implementing agency
for the collaboration of NICER and RDLead

 The Department partners with Higher Education Institutions in the regions in

establishing niche R&D centers. (Agenda 4: Strengthen and utilize R&D capabilities)

 The Department has continued to provide technological interventions such as process

and system improvement, technical consultancy, packaging and labelling, training,
etc. (Agenda 8: Expand STI assistance to communities and the production sector,
particularly MSMEs)

 Focused on health technology development, drug discovery and development remain

to be the high-impact and big ticket program supported by the Department in the area
of health. (Agenda 1: Pursue R&D to address pressing national problems)

 The Department crafted the Science for the People 11-point Agenda, Harmonized
R&D Agenda, and Regional Offices Strategy Map. (Agenda 11: Enhance
effectiveness of STI governance)