DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF CACAO BEANS SHELL REMOVER FOR

VILLA LOLITA FARM

A Research Study Presented to the Faculty of Industrial Engineering

College of Engineering

Batangas State University

The National Engineering University

Alangilan, Batangas City

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in

Industrial Engineering

Arrieta, Jane Jharleen F.

Concepcion, Joycebelle D.

Macapas, Krizza R.

Santos, Patrisha G.

Vega, Vielka C.

May 2023
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researchers would like to extend their deepest and sincerest gratitude to all the

people who helped in the accomplishment of this study, who shared their effort and

knowledge to make this research a reality:

First and foremost, thanksgiving and praises to the Almighty God for the never

ending blessing and spiritual enlightenment, for His guidance that gives courage,

patience and strength to be able to complete this study successfully;

To their research adviser, Dr. Angelita M. Pagcaliwagan, for the opportunity to

work under her supervision, for her advice, guidance, and continuous support, that help

the group a lot in completing the study;

To Mr. Emiliano P. Ilagan Sr., owner of the Villa Lolita Farm, for the undying

support, guidance, and full cooperation given to them to be able to come up with a study

and making it into reality;

To their panelists, Engr. Nomer M. Sarmiento, chairman, and other panel members,

Engr. Ladylyn C. Mendoza and Engr. Angelo Paulo D. Atienza, for their constructive

criticisms, shared academic knowledge, and recommendations that helped the proponents

to improve the study;

And to the proponents’ beloved parents, dear families, and friends, for serving as

an exceptional motivation and giving an immeasurable support which gives courage to

the proponents to pursue and complete the study.

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DEDICATION

The researchers modestly dedicate this research study to

Almighty God the Creator,

their strong pillar, source of inspiration, wisdom, strength, understanding

and for the blessing of life.

This humble effort is dedicated to their ever sweet, loving, and caring

Father & Mother

whose unselfish support, generosity, affection helped them to reach the success of this

study. They have been their inspiration throughout the process of this achievement.

To their adviser and panel of committee, for the warm guidance, support, and instilling

all the essential informations, suggestions, and comments necessary in this study.

TO GOD ALL THE GLORY

Jane Jharleen

Joycebelle

Krizza

Patrisha

Vielka
 v

ABSTRACT

The small industries play an important role in the economic development of a country since

they support and encourage community products. An example of this is the Villa Lolita Farm

Was one of the minor businesses in the cacao sector. Villa Lolita's produced cocoa tablea was

popularly knew as "Villa Lolita Cacao Latte,". The business aims to help communities develop

sustainable businesses and secure livelihoods for tomorrow's farmers in the Philippines,

particularly in Bauan, Batangas. Using a manual process on removing cacao shell beans, they

have been experiencing difficulties in targeting their required productivity and causes a

discomfort and irritability in workers. The purpose of this study is to develop a cacao beans shell

remover for the said business. The study focused on identifying the problem of the existing

process and developed a machine that will help them improve their productivity rate and reduce

the discomfort while considering the safety of the workers. As for the researchers, their role was

to gather information through interviews, observations, and research to come up with the most

possible solution. The gathered information was then analysed to cultivate alternatives, assessed

to choose the best and then tested for the effectiveness considering some parameters. The

outcome of the study revealed that the developed machine was a great investment for the

business since it has improved their productivity rate.

Keywords: Design and Development, Cacao Shell Beans Remover, Cacao

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE i

APPROVAL SHEET ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii

DEDICATION iv

ABSTRACT v

TABLE OF CONTENTS vi

LIST OF FIGURES ix

LIST OF TABLES x

CHAPTER I: THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction 1

Objectives of the Study 6

Conceptual Framework 8

Significance of the Study 9

Scope and Limitations of the Study 10

Definition of Terms 11

CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Conceptual Literature 14

Research Literature 17

Synthesis 19

CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design 22

Subject of the Study 22

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Data Gathering Instrument 23

Data Gathering Procedures 24

Data Analysis 25

CHAPTER IV: PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF

DATA

Analysis of different parameters in considering the making of

Cacao bean shell remover 27

Design alternatives of cacao shell remover 31

Design Specifications 31

Materials Specifications 32

Worker’s Anthropometry 33

Trade off Analysis 42

Standard Weighted Sum Method 43

Analytical Hierarchy Process 44

Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis 46

Development of the cacao beans shell remover 48

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the cacao beans shell remover 54

Maintainability 54

Reliability 55

Productivity 56

Comfortability 57

Safety 59

Usability 61

Cost Effectiveness 62
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CHAPTER V: SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND

RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary of Findings 63

Conclusions 64

Recommendations 66

APPENDICES

Appendix A Survey and Trade off Questionnaire

Appendix B Computations

Appendix C Supporting Documents

Appendix D Letters

Appendix E Documentation
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure

No. TITLE Page

1 Process Flow Chart of the Production of Villa Lolita Cacao Latte 2
2 Hands of the workers showing the splints, cuts, blisters, and calluses of 4
the workers
3 Conceptual Paradigm of the Study 8
4 Alternative Design 1 of Proposed Cacao bean shell remover with Roller 35
5 Alternative Design 2 of Proposed Cacao bean shell remover with 37
Hammer-type cracker
6 Alternative Design 3 of Proposed Cacao bean shell remover with Screw 39
type cracker
7 Best Alternative Design 1 of Proposed Cacao bean shell remover with 48
Roller
8 Enclosed and Opened Rear View of the Cacao Beans Shell 49

9 Enclosed and Opened Front View Of Cacao Beans Shell Remover 50

10 Enclosed Left and Right Side View of the Cacao Beans ShellRemover 50
11 Detailed Right Side View of the Cacao Beans Shell Remover 51
12 Top View of the Cacao Beans Shell Remover 52
13 Cacao Beans Shell Remover with one of Villa Lolita Farm’s worker 52
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LIST OF TABLES
Tables
No. TITLE Page
1 Standard Parameters for Cacao Beans Shell Remover 27
2 Design Specification Requirements for Cacao Beans Shell Remover 28
3 Design Specification for Cacao Beans Shell Remover 29
4 Worker’s Anthropometric Measurement 30
5 Design Specifications for Cacao Beans Shell Remover 31
6 Material Specification Requirements for 3 Design Alternatives of Cacao 33
Bean Shell Remover
7 Worker’s Anthropometric Measurement 34
8 Summary of Material Specifications for 3 Design Alternatives of Cacao 41
Bean Shell Remover
9 Rating Scale for Trade-off Analysis 42
10 Results Using Standard Weighted Sum for Cacao Shell Remover 43
11 Ratings Used in Comparing Criteria for Analytical Hierarchy Process 44
12 Trade-Off Analysis Using Analytical Hierarchy Process 45
13 Results using Analytical Hierarchy Process 46
14 Multiple-criteria Decision Analysis 46
15 Summary of Results Using Trade-Off Analysis Techniques 47
16 Problems Encountered and Modification Process of the Researchers on 54
the Preliminary Testing
17 Testing Checklist of the Cacao Beans Shell Remover 55
18 Productivity for Shell Removing of One (2) Kilogram of Cacao Bean 56
19 Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) Result (Manual) 57
20 Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) Result (Machine) 58
21 Safety Checklist for the Cacao Beans Shell Remover 59
22 Testing Checklist of the Cacao Beans Shell Remover for Usability 61
23 Cost Effectiveness Between the Old and New Process in One (1) kg 62
 1

CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

This chapter presents the background, statement of the problem, research questions,

objectives, hypothesis, scope, and delimitation of the study, and importance of the study.

Introduction

Due to the increased supply and demand for cocoa beans, the cacao industry is gaining

traction in both local and foreign markets (Villamonte et al., 2021). Fruit picking, pulp and

seed removal, fermentation (a sequence of processes that leads to the making of chocolate

taste and fragrance), drying, and roasting are all steps in the chocolate production process.

(de Souza et al., 2018.)

According to the Department of Agriculture (DA), the Philippines' average annual

cocoa consumption is now 50,000 metric tons (MT). Local chocolate makers in the

Philippines require 40,000 MT, but only 10,000 MT are produced, part of which is

exported. Local grinders are forced to import cocoa beans from other countries under this

situation. Cocoa beans are widely used as raw materials in a variety of industries, including

manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics, that is why global demand is increasing.

It demonstrates that the cocoa business is expanding and that it has a significant potential

to contribute to economic progress.

Villa Lolita Farm, located at Barangay Rizal, Bauan, Batangas, was one of the minor

businesses in the cacao sector. Villa Lolita's produced cocoa tablea was popularly knew as

"Villa Lolita Cacao Latte,". The business aims to help communities develop sustainable

businesses and secure livelihoods for tomorrow's farmers in the Philippines, particularly in
 2

Bauan Batangas.

Figure 1. Process Flow Chart of the Production of Villa Lolita Cacao Latte

Figure 1 shows the Process Flow Chart of the Production of Villa Lolita Cacao Latte.

The process of the cacao beans has several steps and procedures, and the workers involved

in this production were doing their task either using a machine for some processes or doing

it manually for most of the processes, having a total cycle time of 793.92 hours.

Furthermore, manual processes include splitting or opening cacao pods, and removing or

scooping the cacao beans from the pod. Then fermenting the cacao beans for more than

3-6 days. Next is drying them in the sun for more than 2-5 days. Additionally, they would

be roasted in a machine at 100°C for 24 to 26 kilograms. These five processes were done
 3

in the first week of the month. Once the cacao beans have been fermented, dried, cleaned,

and made sure there are no foreign objects in them. The newly roasted cocoa beans with

shells that need to be removed manually from cacao beans for the next four weeks with

the target of 24-26 kilos of shelled roasted cacao is expected to be finished. The process

of removing cacao beans shell takes a lot of time.

Based on the work schedule of Villa Lolita Farm, they can produce 26 kilograms of

cacao nibs. In grinding, they would add 3 kilograms of brown sugar for every 1 kilogram

of cacao nibs. In total, they can make about 104 kilograms of tablea for every batch.

Therefore, they were able to distribute approximately 104 kilograms of tablea to their

customers. Upon the interview with the owner of the farm, they needed to distribute 140

kilograms of tablea to the customer in every batch but they can only produce those 104

kilograms of tablea. Since the production of tablea takes a lot of time and there are

remaining unshelled cacao beans, the farm can't satisfy the demand of the customer.

Comparing the different processes, removing cacao shell beans takes 46.62 hours for

six (6) kilos, Removing the cacao shell was done manually, without any tools. For cacao

beans with hard shells, a wooden mortar and pestle were used as an aid to separate the

hard shell. Doing this process manually causes splints on nails, cuts on fingers, blisters,

and calluses for old-timers.

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Figure 2. Hands of the workers showing the splints, cuts, blisters, and calluses of the

workers

Figure 2 shows the splints on nails, cuts on fingers, blisters, and calluses being

experienced by the workers. This was the effect of manually removing the cacao shells.

Although workers have tried using gloves to protect their fingers and hands, this hampers

their productivity and causes more discomfort and irritability in workers. They can barely

hold the cacao shells properly, resulting in slow movement while performing the task.

According to the workers of Villa Lolita Farm, they encountered problems in their

hands and lower back because of the prolonged sitting and manual shelling of cacao. The

amount of cacao finished every day is one kilo for every worker. They have a total of two

kilos a day. Also, the workers of the Villa Lolita farm said that manual shelling slows down

their work. This are the concerns areas of the owner and workers of Villa Lolita as basis

for design considerations. The researchers used interview questions to know the problems

encountered using manual shelling of cacao, amount of cacao finished every day in kilo,

and the effects of manual shelling in productivity. The owner says to have higher

productivity and to lessen the worker’s problems with the pain in their hands and lower

back, they need a machine that can remove the shell of cacao.
 5

Furthermore, the duration of work and the sedentary position of the workers lead them

to experience pain in their neck, shoulder, arms, wrists, and lower back. The findings of a

Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) demonstrate that workers' discomfort can be felt

on a hand portion only. Additionally, investigations were done by the researchers to validate

the workers' complaints about their experiences on different body parts.

According to the study entitled “RULA: a survey method for the investigation of work-

related upper limb disorders” by McAtamney and Corlett, the developers of the Rapid

Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) assessment tool. It can be used to evaluate the potential

candidate for the musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) on the upper limbs (shoulders, elbows,

and wrists) and also the neck and trunk. The Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort

Questionnaire (CMDQ) is a survey tool used in workplace ergonomics research to assess

the risk of MSD and validate workers' complaints during the whole workday.

According to the result of CMDQ in column 1, the wrist appears to be the most common

location for workers to experience aches, pains, and discomfort during the last work week.

Column 2, it displays that they experience very uncomfortable discomfort in the neck, right

and left shoulder, lower back, and right and left wrist. The last column shows that the

symptoms they experience substantially interfere with their ability to work in their neck,

right and left shoulder, lower back, and right and left wrist. In summary, it shows that the

wrist was the common body region that experiences pain and discomfort.

Upon evaluation using RULA and CMDQ, workers experience discomfort on hand,

which validates that there was a need to introduce a solution to the worker’s current

experience (See Appendix A).

 6

Objectives of the Study

The research's primary objective is to create and develop a cocoa bean shell remover that

addresses the concerns of the Villa Lolita Farm workers. This consists of the following

objectives:

1. To analyze different parameters in considering the making of Portable Cacao bean

shell remover.

2. To design alternative cacao shell remover based on:

2.1 Design Specification

2.2 Material Specification

2.3 Workers Anthropometry

3. To do a trade-off analysis in order to find the best design of cacao beans shell

remover based on:

3.1 Maintainability

3.2 Reliability

3.3 Productivity

3.4 Comfortability

3.5 Safety

3.6 Usability

3.7 Cost Effectiveness

4. To develop the best design for cacao beans shell remover

5. To evaluate the effectiveness of the cacao beans shell remover in terms of:

5.1 Maintainability

5.2 Reliability
 7

5.3 Productivity

5.4 Comfortability

5.5 Safety

5.6 Usability

5.7 Cost Effectiveness

6. To develop instructional manual of the best alternative for Cacao Beans Shell

Remover.
 8

Conceptual Framework

The research focuses on musculoskeletal disorders in cacao production workers as well

as the development of a cacao bean shell remover in Villa Lolita Farm. To do this,

interviews were held with the company's owner and workers to acquire all required

information regarding the company's present manufacturing procedures.

Input Output

Process
Problems Data Gathering
encountered in
Villa Lolita Farm Design Conceptualization
and Analysis considering
WMSD assessment,
Knowledge and postural
Information on: analysis tools
Cacao Beans Shell
Remover
Trade-off Analysis
- Existing
process of Fabrication and
Villa Lolita Development of the
Farm Prototype Instructional
- Risk Factors Manual of Cocoa
Performance Testing and Beans Shell
- Ergonomic Remover
Design Evaluation
Principles - Maintainability
- Reliability
- Work
- Productivity
Measurement
- Comfortability
Principles - Safety
- Trade-off - Usability
Analysis - Cost Effectiveness

Figure 3. Conceptual Framework of the Study

Figure 3 displays the study's conceptual framework, which the researchers used to

accomplish their objectives. This diagram illustrates all of the stages that the researchers

will take.
 9

Knowledge about the information needed for the study is one of the inputs. The method

includes data collection, design conceptualization, and analysis, as well as WMSD

evaluation, postural analysis tools, and trade-off analysis to decide the best design

alternative to follow as a means to build and develop the equipment depending on the

criteria established by the researcher. The following factors will be considered:

performance testing and assessment, maintainability, dependability, productivity,

comfortability, safety, usability, and cost-effectiveness.

Furthermore, the desired result will be a prototype of a cocoa bean shell remover for

Villa Lolita farm, which will increase production while lowering worker discomfort and

irritation. In addition, an instructional handbook that will act as the user's guide for using

the machine is required. The machine is intended to help the Villa Lolita Farm's general

operation.

Significance of the Study

The researchers believe that the study's findings will be useful to the following:

To Villa Lolita Farm, the suggested cacao beans shell remover will be advantageous

since it will give effective and efficient working capabilities. It may make the task easier

to complete while also protecting the workers' health.

To the employees, proposed cacao beans shell remover design will prevail over the

musculoskeletal ailment they are encountering at work. It may also reduce the duration and

difficulty of their task, freeing their time for other productive pursuits.

To customers, this will give them benefit from this study since it will ensure the quality
 10

of the cocoa that they will buy on the market and make sure that it is worth investing their

time money and effort.

To other cacao producers, the suggested cacao beans shell remover will be used as

another reference or model for constructing and developing equipment with effective and

efficient operating capabilities.

To the student researchers who will have comparable study as similar to this. This paper

will assist them in regards to results because it will bring relevant information and ideas.

To the Industrial Engineering Department, the study will be a valuable resource for

future researchers and will add to the body of undergraduate research on the incidence of

worker musculoskeletal problem and the design and development of cacao bean shell

remover.

To Future researchers, the study will be used as a secondary reference for doing a study

on this issue. The study can also be used to design a more effective and efficient cocoa

bean shell remover.

To offer to the employees, they can expect an enormous amount of comfort since the

workers will not have to spend too much effort in cacao beans shell remover. Furthermore,

fabricated equipment has to be reliable in terms of safety and health.

Scope and Limitations of the Study

The research focuses on the design and development of a cacao bean shell remover for

Villa Lolita Farm as well as the process of removing the cacao bean shell from the cacao

nibs that causes musculoskeletal conditions that affect cacao workers, including the
 11

prolonged sitting problem, splints on nails, cuts on fingers, blisters, and calluses.

Ergonomics, material specifications, and the development of cacao shell remover will all

be given consideration by the researcher.

This study will not involve any other cacao processing like roasting and grinding cacao

beans splitting or opening cacao pods, removing or scooping the cacao beans from the pod,

fermenting the cacao beans, and drying them. Furthermore, delimited the past experience

of workers’ prior work with Villa Lolita Farm.

Definition of Terms

The following terminology is conceptually and operationally defined for better

understanding of the readers:

Anthropometry. A scientific analysis of the human body's measurements and proportions

(Asadujjaman, 2013). It is used in this project to collect worker measures that will be used

to design and develop a cocoa bean shell remover.

Cacao Beans. The dried out, processed, greasy bean of a South American evergreen tree

(Theobroma cacao of the Sterculiaceae family) used to make cocoa, chocolate, and cocoa

butter (Merriam Webster, n.d.). It is the key component of this research that investigates

the process and provides a solution.

Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire (CMDQ). It is a study that includes

a body chart as well as questions on musculoskeletal soreness, pain, or discomfort in 20

distinct locations of the body that happened in the preceding week. It was used in this study

as a strategy to express the employees' risk and discomfort.

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Cycle Time. It refers to the amount of period working on a product or providing a service

from the start of the initial assignment to the completion of the last one (Koo, 2020). This

research was used to compute the unit of labor produced during the cocoa processing

procedure.

Ergonomics. It is the utilization of human-physical environment interaction in order to

improve human well-being and total system performance (Oron-Gilad et al., 2017). In this

study, data helps researchers analyze and improve the current cocoa bean shell removal

technique.

Material Specifications. It is concerned with the material's requirements, including the

criteria, limits, longevity, providers, and security data (lawinsider.com, 2018). The

investigators are going to use components that will endure longer in this investigation.

Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA). It is a screening instrument and survey

technique for use in ergonomic researches of workplaces where upper limb illnesses are

reported dangerous due to repetitive action. (https//ergo-plus.com). It was used in this study

to assess the risk of developing MSDs.

Trade-off Analysis. It evaluates the effect of eliminating any number of essential elements

whilst increasing the number of additional vital elements in a choice, layout, or project

(Sami, 2017). It is used as a tool by the researchers in the present research to determine the

most effective way to proceed in the course of the study.

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD). It is a musculoskeletal injury to the

body. Tendons, ligaments, muscles, nerves, and discs are all included. MSDs can be caused

by physical reactions and repetitive motions at work. Lower back discomfort, strain wrist,
 13

and shoulder pain are the key issues that will be addressed in this study, and lower back

problems are caused by repeated labor.

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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter discusses some of the research that has been undertaken to supplement the

present study's area, which has benefited the researchers in gathering ideas and information

required to conduct a full analysis of the study.

Conceptual Literature

Disorders with muscle, tendon, and nerve discomfort are referred to as "work-related

musculoskeletal diseases" (WMSDs). Musculoskeletal disorders are a leading cause of

occupational absenteeism. The expense of musculoskeletal issues is high for the public

health system. Musculoskeletal disorders can affect many body areas and necessitate a

variety of actions. In the study of Sundstrup et al., (2020) entitled “A Systematic Review

of Workplace Interventions to Rehabilitate Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Employees

with Physical Demanding Work” stated that MSDs are particularly prevalent among

employees who conduct physically demanding work (i.e., jobs that require them to lift,

push, pull, stand, walk, bend, execute forceful or quick repetitive actions, etc.), where

discomfort can make it challenging to complete routine duties. Importantly, physical

demands at work have a significant impact on the onset and maintenance of MSD.

Although some persons with MSDs may work, it may generate an imbalance among the

physical requirements of the job as well as private resources for others, raising the

possibility of poor work ability, sick leave, and early work exit.

After examining the workers' WMSD, the researchers' goal is to develop alternatives

that may be used to help with the current struggles. It is also necessary to examine the

anthropometric measurements of the people/workers in order to develop an alternative that

 15

would reduce the WMSD of workers. This measurement was used in several research to

create and improve the alternative.

Anthropometry is the science that examines human body dimensions, which are

measured using unique machines and procedures and statistically evaluated. It is critical in

the industrial design process in the fields like as apparel, ergonomics, and biomechanics,

where statistical data on body medians enables product optimization. Anthropometric

measures make use of many bodily components as reference points to gain information

about the region or segment being measured, such as protuberances, edges, apophasis, or

easily found segments.

The Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) was developed to determine a person's

contact with upper limb ergonomic risk factors. It is a one-page worksheet designed to test

the necessary body posture, force, and repetitions. RULA's primary function is to decide

whether or not the worker's motion should be adjusted. Mercado and colleagues (2015).

A method like trade off analysis may help to correctly analyze and evaluate the designs

in order to find the best alternative that addresses the WMSD of employees. Other research

on worker WMSD resolution have employed trade-off analysis. This is an examination in

which the beneficiaries are given the chance to reply and the ability to select the option that

will help to boost work productivity. Designers must evaluate trade-offs, or decisions that

demand achieving the balance between two or more desired but frequently competing

criteria, during the decision-making process. (Goldstein M. et al., 2021)

Productivity is a critical component influencing the overall success of any industry.

Organizations must investigate and identify variables that impact worker productivity

before taking suitable measures to increase it. At the micro level, increased productivity
 16

can cut or decrease unit costs while providing the highest overall performance. Labor

utilization and management are critical for successful operations. (Attar A. et al., 2012).

In a manufacturing plant, safety should be the first priority. Appropriate safety

procedures protect workers and are innovative business practices. Shutting down a

machine, factory, or construction site to address an occupational risk can be expensive in

terms of lost work time, income, and policy complications. Furthermore, safety events

might create extra challenges in the form of reports, audits, or legal difficulties. A machine

safety checklist should contain both safety equipment and components, as well as

procedures and regulations to guarantee that personnel take the essential precautions.

Software reliability is the likelihood that software will run without error for a defined

period of time in a specified environment. To estimate the dependability of software, a vast

variety of reliability models are available. A software reliability model offers a set of

growth curves that show how the failure rate decreases when faults are submitted and

closed throughout the system-testing phase.

In order to tackle the difficulties, strong agrarian engineering concepts and procedures in

the planning, design, building, functioning, and improvement of agricultural engineer

methods, structures, and offerings are necessary. At the outset, the availability of Philippine

Agricultural Engineering Standards (PAES) is required to ensure the technical success of

agricultural engineering projects in order to contribute to agricultural modernization,

national development, and global competitiveness.

 17

Research Literature

The following are the studies that were used as a source of ideas and guidance for the

researchers in conducting this study.

Based on the study of Jain et al. (2018) entitled “Risk factors for musculoskeletal

disorders in manual harvesting farmers of Rajasthan” More than half of the employees

experienced MSDs in the lower back, fingers, shoulders, and wrists/hands, according to

the study. Age, agricultural work experience, hand dominance, and reported labor

tiredness were shown to be associated with MSDs in one or more body locations. Except

for the shoulder and neck, age was strongly linked with MSDs in all body areas. In 92%

of the farms, the RULA grand score was more than or equal to 5, suggesting the need for

additional study and adjustments. Musculoskeletal diseases involve problems with the

muscles, tendons, ligaments, soft tissues, and joints. Back discomfort is frequently caused

by a spread-out stretch in the lower waist, and farmers should correct their posture based

on their RULA scores to lessen the likelihood of developing back pain. (Eka et al., 2019).

The study "Association of risk factors with musculoskeletal disorders in manual-

working farmers" by (Jain et al., 2018) factor in all upper body parts except the shoulders

and is associated with an elevated incidence among manual-working farmers,

emphasizing the importance of one's personality and job-related traits.

According to the study entitled "A multicomponent ergonomics treatment including

human and organizational modifications to enhance musculoskeletal outcomes and

dangers of exposure among dairy employees" by (Karimi et al., 2020), said that at the

baseline and 12-month follow-up, a questionnaire survey (containing the Cornell

Musculoskeletal Questionnaire) was administered Questionnaire of Discomfort

 18

[CMDQ]). The most common complaints were shoulder, lower back, and neck pain.

Following the intervention, there were significant improvements in incidence (neck,

shoulder and lower back, armpit, and joint symptoms), extent (shoulder, lower back,

forearm, and joint signs and symptoms), and interference with work (especially associated

to lower back symptoms). The incidence, intensity, and job interruption caused by

musculoskeletal discomfort, as well as risk exposure levels, were fairly high among the

employees studied, but significantly improved after an intervention strategy was applied.

Based on the study of Akinlabi et al. (2019) entitled “Processing and Marketing Risk

Factor of Cocoa Industry in Nigeria” the results of the assessment indicate that market

fluctuation is the most significant factor, then processing risk factors, as a result of the

majority of cocoa farmers' carelessness in maintaining and scheduling operations on their

machines using the Kruskal-Wallis test. In addition, this research identified and contrasted

risk factors, and also offered answers to a lot of challenges associated with cocoa

processing and distribution in Nigeria, as well as detailed actions and layout of facilities

to raise the norm and spirits of all individuals considering cocoa processing in any part of

the country. It implies that the cocoa bean market's structure and expansion will help in

minimizing worldwide price variances on global marketplaces, therefore, improving the

advertising foundation.

The study entitled “Development of an Impact-Type Cacao (Theobroma Cacao L.)

Bean Huller” by (Hernando et al., 2020) wanted to create a machine that could crack at

three different tangential velocities and winnow at three distinct air volumes. The data

was organized in a CRD Two Factorial and compared using STAR software. The analysis

found that, with the exception of purification and sound level, the machine's tangential
 19

speed had a significant influence on all metrics, but the amount of air present had an

important effect on hulling efficiency, nib recovery, big nib’s wellness, and clarity.

The study entitled “Anthropometric measurements among four Asian countries in

designing sitting and standing workstations” by (Sadhana 2018) the Filipino

anthropometric database measures standing, sitting, hand, and foot proportions, as well as

the breadth and circumference of numerous body parts. This is the country's first thorough

anthropometric measurement of Filipino employees. It revealed variations in body

measurements, which may be exploited to create ergonomic workspaces and amenities.

Knowing the differences in size allows designers to anticipate necessary changes to their

design.

The study entitled “Eye Tracking in User Experience Design” by (Hawala et al.,2014)

The evaluation of usability starts with the development of a representative set of test tasks

against which the different usability elements may be evaluated. To estimate a system's

overall usability based on a set of usability metrics, the average value of each attribute is

often taken and compared to an earlier established minimal.

Synthesis

The conceptual literature and related research works presented in this chapter helped

the researchers understand in greater depth the ideas and information needed in pursuit of

this study.

The study entitled “Association of risk factors with musculoskeletal disorders in

manual-working farmers” by (Jain et al., 2018) focused at identifying risk factors for

serious workplace-related difficulties (for example, musculoskeletal diseases [MSDs]).

 20

Both studies also employed the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) to collect data.

The previous study's goal was to simply identify the factors causing workers'

musculoskeletal disorders, whereas the current study's goal was to evaluate and design

tools for manual labor.

According to the study entitled “A multicomponent ergonomic intervention involving

individual and organizational changes for improving musculoskeletal outcomes and

exposure risks among dairy workers” by (Karimi et al., 2020) aims to assess the impact

a multicomponent intervention on musculoskeletal outcomes and their potential exposure

hazards among milkers in a dairy plant (including both individual and organizational

intervention tactics). The previous study was the same in the current study in using a

Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire [CMDQ]). The distinction between

the two studies is that the present study took into consideration the worker’s muscle

exhaustion while they used their hands and arms to remove cacao beans, whereas the

earlier study merely paid attention to dairy.

The study entitled “Musculoskeletal discomfort among handloom weavers in Durie

unit” conducted by (Poonam Singh et al., 2018) was undertaken to evaluate handloom

weavers in the Dari unit's musculoskeletal discomfort. This study is related to the present

in assessing musculoskeletal discomfort using Cornell’s musculoskeletal discomfort

questionnaire but differs in the current study because it focuses on handloom weavers.

Based on the study of Akinlabi et al. (2019) entitled “Processing and Marketing Risk

Factors of Cocoa Industry in Nigeria” the primary difficulties confronting the cocoa sector

include variability in output, poor yield, pest and disease infestation, high cost of

procuring machinery, increase in profitability with regard to altered varieties, cost of

 21

managing the crop, coordinating the chain, and cost of quality. This study is similar to the

previous one in terms of investigating cocoa problems with processing, but it differs in

terms of measuring marketing risks.

Based on the study of Hernando et al. (2020) entitled “Development of an Impact-

Type Cacao (Theobroma Cacao L.) Bean Huller” The investigation revealed that the

machine's tangential speed had a substantial impact on all metrics except purity and noise

level, while the volume of air had a considerable impact on hulling efficiency, nib

recovery, big nib recovery, and purity. The current study focuses on input and output

capacity, noise level, and efficiency, whereas the previous study employed parameters

and statistical analysis to examine the efficiency and purity of the nibs.

Sadhana (2018) reported that Filipino Anthropometric Measurement has made a

significant contribution to the labor force of Filipino Workers, and the current study used

it to analyze standards for future users' well-being.

Hadana et al. (2014) said usability measurement takes the mean value of each attribute

and compares it to a minimum. The distinction between the two studies is that the present

study uses the checklist to determine the attributes of the machine while they used it for

eye tracking.

To summarize, the research and conceptual literature has substantially enhanced the

researcher's findings and conclusions in terms of generalizing ergonomic and technical

ideas critical to the construction of a cocoa bean shell remover.

 22

CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter discusses the methods and procedures that would use by the researchers

to complete the study. The following are created to satisfy the study's objectives: research

design, data gathering instruments, data gathering procedures and data analysis.

Research Design

The researchers used a design-development approach as a research methodology to

produce a cocoa bean shell remover at Villa Lolita Farm in Bauan, Batangas. It is a type

of research in which recently gained information from study or practical experience is

applied to generate new or improved goods or services. It comprises using drawings,

models, or prototypes to define and create a product or service. As a consequence, the

study utilized a systematic approach to enhance the cocoa bean shell removal technique.

The developmental research approach was the ideal match for the study since it was

committed to producing results that would benefit not just the business but the workers'

health.

Subject of the Study

The subjects of this study are the two (2) workers of Villa Lolita Farm in Bauan,

Batangas who are involved in the removal of the cacao beans shell process. Currently, the

farm assigns one (1) worker for roasting and the other for removing the cacao beans shell.

Furthermore, the researchers used CMDQ to assess the discomfort of the workers. There

were two (2) workers in the Villa Lolita Farm considered to be the respondents. These

individuals serve as the subjects that would provide the information needed in the study.
 23

Data Gathering Instrument

To determine the extent of the problems encountered by the workers so that it can be

used in the design and development of cacao bean shell remover, RULA and CMDQ were

used.

To begin, the researchers utilized unstructured questionnaires and surveys that were

delivered to the business's owner and their workers of Villa Lolita Farm in Bauan,

Batangas. The unstructured surveys comprised guiding questions aimed at generating

issues and difficulties throughout the operational workflow as well as the demand supply

of cocoa production. In addition, as part of improving ergonomic concerns, the

unstructured questionnaire included all personal anthropometric measures. As a result,

verbal surveys were conducted to elicit some recommendations and proposals for the

development and production of the new equipment

The rapid upper-limb assessment (RULA) approach was used to assess sedentary

workers' posture, force, and movement, as well as the amount of exposure each Villa Lolita

Farm worker had to work-related risk factors for upper extremity MSD. The upper

extremities are taken into account by the RULA ergonomic evaluation instrument.

The Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire (CMDQ) was utilized to

measure the workers' discomfort at Villa Lolita Farm. The CMDQ is a series of

questionnaires that ask about the frequency of musculoskeletal aches, pains, and discomfort

in 20 various body locations throughout the past week.

Furthermore, secondary materials such as books, the internet, and various comparable

published studies will be used by the researchers as additional resources. The Batangas

State University e-library would be utilized to assist researchers in obtaining the essential
 24

material that may benefit them through the usage of prior research that can be used as a

reference in their present study.

Data Gathering Procedures

In order to provide accurate data, the study began with an interview with the proprietor

of Villa Lolita Farm. Furthermore, acquiring data regarding Villa Lolita Farm's existing

cacao bean shell removal method and information from their staff were vital parts of this

research. The removal of the cacao beans shell area was observed to be more familiar with

the removing process. In addition, the workers were interviewed in person about their

method. The RULA was used to measure the musculoskeletal and postural loads on the

employees' upper limbs and whole bodies. Furthermore, the Cornell Musculoskeletal

Discomfort Questionnaire was utilized to determine which parts of the workers' bodies

caused their discomfort.

Furthermore, supporting data was obtained to show the study's significance and

dependability from publications, academic works, the internet, journals, and other research

resources.

The following factors were taken into account while creating the specifications for the

design alternatives of a Cacao beans shell remover: the removal procedure, the size of the

cacao beans shell remover, the design specification, the material need, and the

anthropometry of the employees. To know about the other necessary requirements, the

workers were interviewed.

A trade-off analysis would be undertaken in addition to these to assess the relevance of

each criterion and to establish the best design choice for the cacao beans shell remover.

The optimal design choice would receive the greatest score in the contrived trade-off
 25

analysis. More importantly, after manufacture, each worker would be subjected to several

interviews, observations, and assessments such as the RULA in order to analyze and

evaluate the performance of the ideal design choice. To evaluate the new labor

productivity, a time study would be done using the developed cocoa bean shell remover.

The data gathered will be utilized to establish if the cacao beans shell remover answers the

cacao farm's problem by enhancing productivity and efficiency while reducing human risk

factors. Respondents assessed the various designs using a grading system developed by the

researchers in trade-off analysis based on the design requirements. The Standard Weighted

Sum Method, Imprecise Designer Ranking, and Analytical Hierarchy Process were all

employed in the study.

Data Analysis

The researchers used the results of the questionnaire data gathering. The respondents to

the survey are Villa Lolita Farmworkers.

The normal weighted sum was applied to the data obtained from the trade-off analysis

in order to expand on it. It was intended by multiplying each value by the weight, then

adding and divide the entire result by the sum of the weight.

The Standard Weighted Sum formula is as follows:

∑(𝐥)(𝐱)
SWS= 𝒏

Where:

I = importance level

n = the total amount of people who responded

x = mean of each design criteria's alternative design

 26

The researchers used the following formula to calculate the worker's anthropometry.

Researchers derived an average assessment of the workforce.

x1 + x2…+xn
𝐌𝐞𝐚𝐧 = 𝒏

𝒙−𝒖
𝐙= 𝒔

Where:

x – the worker's highest anthropometric measurement

u – average of the workers' anthropometric measures

s – standard deviation

Percentage. It was also used to compute the percentage or extent of pain or discomfort

experienced by the employees and to display the percentage of the number of responses.

∑𝒙
∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝒏

Where:

ẋ = weighted mean n = sample size

Weighted Mean. It was employed to see whether there were any substantial variations

between two or more significant requirements in cacao beans.

∑ 𝒇𝟏 𝒘𝟏
ẋ=
𝑛

Where:

ẋ = weighted mean 𝑤1 = weight t 𝑓1 = frequency n = sample size

 27

CHAPTER IV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

The most important idea is that this section is essential for developing solutions to the

problem and forming a comprehensive understanding of the study's findings.

1. Analysis of different parameters in considering the making of Cacao bean shell

remover.

Following the study's objective to make a cacao beans shell remover for Villa

Lolita Farm in Barangay Rizal, Bauan, Batangas, the researchers came up with

different parameters in considering the making and designing of the machine. The

parameters are based on Philippine National Standard (PNS) and others are

requirements of the Villa Lolita Farm.

Table 1
Standard Parameters for Cacao Beans Shell Remover
Parameters Descriptions
Input Capacity and Input and output capacity shall meet the
Output Capacity manufacturer’s specifications (4 kilos every day).
When necessary, the cracking mechanism should be
changeable and replaced. The cacao beans shell
Cracking
remover's cracking mechanism might be roller, screw,
Mechanism
or hammer type. To avoid contamination, the cracking
chamber must be completely enclosed.

Steel bars, metal sheet or plate, and mild steel should

be utilized to make the various components of the
cocoa huller. Parts that come into direct touch with the
cacao nibs must be constructed of corrosion-resistant
Fabrication and food-grade materials that meet food safety
Requirements regulations. During operation, the frame and stand
must be able to support the whole cacao huller
assembly. Bolts and nuts, screws, bearings, bushings,
and seals must meet food safety standards, PAES, or
other international standards.

Noise Level The noise level exposure should not be more than 90
Exposure dBA.
Source: PNS/BAFS PAES 253:2018
 28

Table 1 shows the standard parameters of cacao beans shell remover based on the

Philippine National Standard (PNS/BAFS PAES 253:2018; ICS 65.060.99). The

parameters are made based on the results of interview of the researchers on the owner

and workers of Villa Lolita Farm concerning their requirement about the machine.

The standard parameters include input capacity and output capacity (4 kilos

everyday), cracking mechanism, fabrication requirement, and noise level exposure

(90 dBA). Furthermore, these parameters are considered by the researchers in

designing the different alternatives of the cacao beans shell remover.

Table 2
Design Specification Requirements for Cacao Beans Shell Remover

Category Description
Cacao Composition Crushed
It can process 1 kilo of cacao
Quantity beans in less than 1 hour and 35
minutes
It has a total estimated cost of Php
Fabricating Cost
40,000
Power Source Electricity
Number of Operators 1

Table 2 shows the design specifications requirement for cacao beans shell

remover. The categories are based on the standard parameters and requirement of the

Villa Lolita farm. The cacao composition must be crushed in able to separate the

cacao beans from its shell. The machine shall process 1 kilo of cacao beans in less

than one (1) hour to meet the quota of the farm. The estimated fabricating cost is

limited to Php 40,000.00. The power source of the machine should be electricity for
 29

the reason that the machine needs motor. Also, the number of operators needed to

operate is one (1) only.

Table 3
Material Specification Requirements for Cacao Beans Shell
Remover
Materials Specifications
The aluminum cladding sheet is
available in a high-quality, water-
resistant version. Furthermore, the
cladding satisfies the requirements for
Aluminum
high heat and sound insulation as well as
cladding
exceptional surface flatness and
Source: brdeco.com
smoothness and weather and corrosion
resistance that will apply to the outer side
of the machine.
The stainless steel plain sheet provides
durability and corrosion resistance for
Stainless
long-lasting use. As a stainless-steel
Steel
sheet, it has a high strength; it’s strong
Sheet Source: tbkmetal.com enough to be utilized in the machine in
this study.
The motor will also be the primary
material for designs. In this study, it is
Motor
used as a component to allow the
Source: omemotors.com machine to operate.
The a circuit breaker is an electrical
safety device that is essentially a switch
that automatically cuts the current of an
Breaker
overloaded electric circuit, ground
Source: vulcanotec.com
faults, or short circuit.

PVC is used extensively across a broad

PVC range of industrial, technical, and
Source: lazada.com.ph everyday applications.
Engineering plastics are high-
performance plastics grades that are
Engineeri
utilized to create plastic components
ng Plastic
Source:impactengineeringplastic with a lot more complex or advanced
s.com functionalities.
 30

Table 3 displays the material specification requirement for cacao beans shell

remover. The material specification requirements are made according to the standard

parameters that are based on the Philippine National Standard (PNS). The material

specification requirements include aluminum cladding, stainless steel sheet,

vibrating tray, motor, breaker, conveyor, winnower, PVC, engineering plastic, and

speed reducer.

Table 4
Worker’s Anthropometric Measurement
Average of
Operators Worker's Z-
Measurement Percentile
Position Anthropometry score
(cm)
Elbow Height Standing 63.33 1.16 5th
Knuckle Height Standing 57.00 1.00 5th
Forward Reach Standing 83.67 0.87 95th
See Appendix B.3 for Computations

The anthropometric measurements of the workers involved in shell removal are

shown in table 4. The researchers measured the employees' height in a standing

posture with an average of 152.15 cm, elbow height (standing) with an average of

63.33 cm, knuckle height (standing) with an average of 57.00 cm, and functional

forward reach (standing) with an average of 83.67 cm. Elbow height is used to

determine the machine's height, and functional forward reach was examined to

ensure that everything on the workspace was beyond functional reach. In addition,

knuckle height was taken into account since it represents the shortest distance where

a worker may hold a thing without extending the knees or the back.
 31

2. Design alternatives of cacao beans shell remover.

Considering the different standard parameters in making the machine based on

PNS and parameters set by the researchers in designing the machine, the researchers

came up with the design alternatives based on:

2.1 Design Specifications

When evaluating the requirements for the Cacao Beans Shell Remover, it

is critical to examine the design specification. The researchers did

comprehensive research and interviews with the owner and his employees to

identify the primary elements of a cocoa bean shell remover required for

production.

Table 5
Design Specifications for Cacao Beans Shell Remover

Design Alternatives
Design Design 2 Design 3
Category Description 1 (Hammer (Screw
(Roller Type) Type)
Type)
Cacao Composition Crushed ✔ ✔ ✔
It can process 1
kilo of cacao
Quantity beans in less than ✔ ✔ ✔
1 hour and 35
minutes
It has a total
Fabricating Cost estimated cost of ✔ ✔ ✔
Php 40,000
Power Source Electricity ✔ ✔ ✔
Number of
1 ✔ ✔ ✔
Operators
Legends: ✔ - followed standard parameters and requirements; ✘ - not followed standard parameters and requirements
 32

Table 5 shows the design specifications of three design alternatives. For

design 1, its cacao composition is crushed, the quantity that design 1 can

process by batch is 1 kilo that can last in less than 1 hour. To add, its estimated

fabricating cost is Php 40,000.00, the power source of design 1 is electricity,

and number of operators requires 1 only.

For design 2, the cacao composition can produce also crushed. The quantity

it can process in less than 1 hour and 30 minutes is 1 kilo. Its estimated

fabricating cost is Php 30,000.00. To add, the power source of design 2 is

electricity. The number of operators in design 2 also requires 1 only.

While for design 3, its cacao composition is the same with other 2 design

alternatives which is crushed. For quantity, it can process 1 kilo of cacao beans

in less than 1 hour and 35 minutes. The estimated fabricating cost of design 3

is Php 40,000.00, its power source is electricity. Just like design 1 and 2, the

number of operators required is also 1.

Altogether, it is presumed that 3 design alternatives considered the standard

parameters and requirements of Villa Lolita Farm. In terms of cacao

composition, target market, power source, and number of operators three

design alternatives are alike. Design 2 is the most affordable with estimated

fabricating cost of Php 30,000.00, while, Design 1 is dominant with regards to

quantity that can process 1 kilo of cacao beans in less than 1 hour.

2.2 Material Specifications

The three (3) alternative designs were come up with the material

specification in consideration. Although the design specifications for each

 33

alternate design are based on standard parameters and requirement of Villa

Lolita Farm, the materials used are essentially the same. The majority of the

materials used for the design possibilities include stainless steel, aluminum

cladding, motor, and power supply.

Table 6
Material Specification Requirements for 3 Design Alternatives of
Cacao Bean Shell Remover
Material Requirement Design 1 Design 2 Design 3
Aluminum Cladding ✔ ✔ ✔
Stainless Steel Sheet ✔ ✔ ✔
Motor ✔ ✔ ✔
Engineering Plastic –HDPE ✔ ✘ ✘
PVC ✘ ✘ ✔
Breaker ✔ ✔ ✔
Legends: ✔ - followed standard parameters and requirements; ✘ - not followed standard parameters and requirements

Table 6 presents the material specifications requirements for the three (3)

proposed design alternatives. Design 1 alternative includes aluminum

cladding, stainless steel sheet, motor, and breaker. For design 2 alternative, it

is made of aluminum, stainless steel sheet, motor, and breaker. In addition, the

design 3 alternative is made up of aluminum cladding, stainless steel sheet,

motor, breaker, and PVC.

2.3 Worker’s Anthropometry

As the initial phase for creating a design, three (3) workers of Villa Lolita

Far were studied.

 34

Table 7
Worker’s Anthropometric Measurement
Average of Design Alternatives
Worker's Design 1 Design Design
Measurement
Anthropometry 2 3
(cm)
Elbow Height 63.33 ✔ ✔ ✔
Knuckle Height 57.00 ✔ ✔ ✔
Forward Reach 83.67 ✔ ✔ ✔
Legends: ✔ - followed standard parameters and requirements; ✘ - not followed standard parameters and requirements.

Table 7 shows worker’s anthropometric measurements that were taken into

account when designing the cacao bean shell remover. Considering the

measurements on the worker’s anthropometry: standing elbow height, knuckle

standing height, and forward reach were considered to design the three

alternatives.

The three design alternatives are presented below considering the different

parameters and requirements of Villa Lolita Farm for cacao beans shell

remover.
 35

Alternative Design 1 (Roller Type)

The researchers came up with three different alternative designs. Alternative

design 1 which is a roller type cacao beans shell remover is presented below.

Enclosed view shows the dimension of the machine based on the worker’s

anthropometry and the isometric view displays the parts. Alternative Design 1 was

made based on standard parameters and requirements of Villa Lolita Farm.

Roller type (enclosed view)

Isometric View

Figure 4. Alternative Design 1 of Proposed Cacao Beans Shell Remover with

Roller Type Crusher

 36

Alternative design 1 is a roller-type crusher with a 55 cm width and 90 cm

height. The measurement is based on the worker’s 5th percentile of their elbow

height (standing), and knuckle height (standing). The measurements are based on

the average of two employees and are as follows: 63.33 cm standing elbow height,

and 57.00 cm knuckle standing height, while the functional forward reach

(standing) is based on the 95th percentile of the workers forward reach. It measures

83.67cm.

the cacao bean tray and vibrating tray are made up of 1mm x 101.6mm x

203.2mm stainless steel (#304), while the two rollers are made up of rubber and

have a crusher. It is operated by a 0.25 hp motor, a speed reducer to control the

speed, a pillow block, a chain and sprocket, a 12volts dc power supply, and a circuit

breaker (ac). It also has a breaker and push button to operate it. To separate the

cacao shell from the nibs, a blower fan is installed below the vibrating tray. The

assembled roller-type shell remover is enclosed by a 9.525mm x 9.525mm x

6,705.6mm aluminum cladding and 9.525mm x 9.525mm x 6,705.6mm aluminum

angle. The cacao bean tray is connected to a 25.4 mm x 25.4 mm x 6,096mm x

4mm steel chassis. All parts are attached by a 3.175mm x 12.7 mm rivet. At the

bottom of the machine is a cacao bean collection bucket and behind it is a cacao

shell collection bucket.

 37

Alternative Design 2 (Hammer Type)

Below is the alternative design 2, which is a hammer type cacao beans shell

remover. The enclosed view depicts the machine's dimensions according to the

worker's anthropometry, while the isometric view shows its parts. Based on the

standard parameters and requirements of Villa Lolita Farm, Alternative Design 1

was designed.

Hammer type (enclosed view)

Isometric View

Figure 5. Alternative Design 2 of Proposed Cacao Beans Shell Remover with

Hammer Type Crusher

 38

Alternative design 2 is a roller-type crusher with a 140 cm width and 90 cm

height. The measurement is based on the worker’s 5th percentile of their elbow

height (standing), and knuckle height (standing). The measurements are based on

the average of two employees and are as follows: 63.33 cm standing elbow height,

and 57.00 cm knuckle standing height, while the functional forward reach

(standing) is based on the 95th percentile of the workers forward reach. It measures

83.67cm.

the cacao bean tray and conveyor are made up of 1mm x 101.6mm x 203.2mm

stainless steel (#304), whereas the hammer is made of steel and has a crusher. It is

operated by a 0.25 hp motor, 12volts dc vibration motor, 12volts dc power supply,

and a circuit breaker (ac). It also has a breaker to operate it. To separate the cacao

shell from the nibs, a vacuum is installed in the conveyor. The assembled hammer-

type shell remover is enclosed by a 9.525mm x 9.525mm x 6,705.6mm aluminum

cladding and 9.525mm x 9.525mm x 6,705.6mm aluminum angle. The cacao bean

tray is connected to a 25.4 mm x 25.4 mm x 6,096mm x 4mm steel chassis. All

parts are attached by a 3.175mm x 12.7 mm rivet. At the right side of the machine

is a cacao bean collection bucket and at the front is a cacao shell collection bucket.

It is a vertical cylinder machine.

 39

Alternative Design 3 (Screw Type)

Below is the presentation of alternative design 3, which is a cacao bean shell

remover with a screw type crusher. Based on the worker's anthropometry, the

enclosed view shows the machine's dimensions, and the isometric view shows the

parts that make up it. Alternative Design 3 was made based on standard parameters

and requirements of Villa Lolita Farm.

Screw Type (enclosed view)

Isometric View

Figure 6. Alternative Design 3 of Proposed Cacao bean shell remover with

Screw type cracker

 40

Alternative design 3 is a roller-type crusher with a 110 cm width and 90 cm

height. The measurement is based on the worker’s 5th percentile of their elbow

height (standing), and knuckle height (standing). The measurements are based on

the average of two employees and are as follows: 63.33 cm standing elbow height,

and 57.00 cm knuckle standing height, while the functional forward reach

(standing) is based on the 95th percentile of the workers forward reach. It measures

83.67cm.

the cacao bean tray is made up of 1mm x 101.6mm x 203.2mm stainless steel

(#304), while the screw is made up of steel and has a crusher. It is operated by a

0.25 hp motor, a 12-volt dc vibration motor, a 12-volt meter supply, and a circuit

breaker ac). It also has a push button to operate it. To separate the cacao shell from

the nibs, a blower fan with a winnower is installed. The assembled screw-type shell

remover is enclosed by a 9.525mm x 9.525mm x 6,705.6mm aluminum cladding

and 9.525mm x 9.525mm x 6,705.6mm aluminum angle. The cacao bean tray is

connected to a 25.4 mm x 25.4 mm x 6,096mm x 4mm steel chassis. All parts are

attached by a 3.175mm x 12.7 mm rivet. At the bottom of the machine is a cacao

bean collection bucket on the right side and the left side is a cacao shell collection

bucket. It is a horizontal cylinder machine.

 41

Table 8
Summary of Material Specifications for 3 Design Alternatives of Cacao
Bean Shell Remover
Design 1 Design 2 Design 3
Material Requirement Quantity Quantity Quantity
(pcs) (pcs) (pcs)
Aluminum Cladding (101.6mm x
1 1 1
203.2mm x 4mm – blue)
Stainless Steel Sheet (101.6mm x
1 1 1
203.2mm x 0.2mm)
Power Supply (12 volts dc) 1 1 1
Motor (0.25 hp) 1 1 1
Vibrating Tray 2 - -
Conveyor (1000x300x2mm) - 1 -
Speed Reducer (size 40) 1 - -
Pillow Block (UC208-24) 4 2 2
Winnower (2 inches diameter) - - 1
Rubber Roller (Engineering Plastic –
4 - -
HDPE)
Hammer-type Crusher - 1 -
PVC - - 2
Screw-type Crusher - - 1
Circuit Breaker (AC) 1 1 1

Table 8 shows the summary of material specifications for the three (3) proposed

design alternatives. Design 1 alternative is made up of aluminum cladding

(101.6mm x 203.2mm x 4mm – blue), stainless steel sheet (101.6mm x 203.2mm

x 0.2mm), power supply (12 volts’ dc), motor (0.25 hp), vibrating tray, pillow

block, speed reducer, breaker, and rubber roller.

For design 2 alternative, it is made of aluminum cladding (101.6mm x 203.2mm

x 4mm – blue), stainless steel sheet (101.6mm x 203.2mm x 0.2mm), power supply

(12 volts’ dc), motor (0.25 hp), conveyor (1000x300x2mm), hammer-type crusher,

and circuit breaker (ac).

In addition, the design 3 alternative is made up of aluminum cladding (101.6mm

x 203.2mm x 4mm – blue), stainless steel sheet (101.6mm x 203.2mm x 0.2mm),

 42

power supply (12 volts’ dc), motor (0.25 hp), breaker, winnower, PVC, and screw-

type crusher.

3. Trade-off analysis for cacao beans shell remover.

The trade-off analysis enabled the researchers in immediately finding and selecting

the best design from a set of options. For the three proposed cacao bean shell

remover design choices, the researchers set the following design criteria:

dependability, usability, safety, maintainability, worker productivity and

comfortability, and cost-effectiveness. The criterion significance scale ranges from

1 to 7, and any design can meet any of the requirements, with 1 being the lowest

score and 7 being the greatest. Trade-off approaches are used to identify the best

design; standard weighted sum method (SWS), analytical hierarchy process (AHP),

and multi-criteria decision analysis (MDCA).

Table 9
Rating Scale for Trade-off Analysis

Criterion Scale Description

5 Excellent (Pinakamahusay)

4 Very Good (Higit na Mahusay)

3 Satisfactory (Mahusay)

2 Fair (Katamtamang Husay)

1 Poor (Hindi gaanong Mahusay)

 43

Table 10
Result of Trade off Analysis Using Standard Weighted Sum (SWS)

Design Criteria Importance Alternatives

Design 1 Design 2 Design 3

Maintainability 2 4.88 3.38 3.88

Reliability 3 4.75 4.00 3.88

Productivity 6 5.00 4.13 3.25

Comfortability 4 4.63 4.00 4.13

Safety 7 4.50 3.88 4.00

Usability 5 4.63 4.00 4.00

Cost
1 4.38 3.75 3.88
Effectiveness
Total Score 28 33 27 27

Average 18.93 15.76 15.38

See Appendix B.3 for Computations

Table 10 displays the results of the standard weighted sum approach for the

cacao bean shell remover in three design alternatives. The importance was

calculated by averaging each criterion based on the survey results. Averaging each

criterion resulted in the computationof alternatives. The SWS approach was used

to calculate the findings by multiplying the importance of each criterion by the

weighted mean of the scores, adding the sum, and dividing it by the number of

criteria. The highest score is 18.93 for Design 1.

 44

Table 11
Ratings Used in Comparing Criteria for Analytical Hierarchy Process
(AHP)
Numeral
Interpretation
Scale
1 Equal importance of design criteria

3 Weakly more important of design criteria

5 Strongly more important of design criteria

7 Very strongly more important of design criteria

9 Absolutely more important of design criteria

2,4,6,8 Intermediate values of design criteria

Table 11 shows the ratings used in evaluating criteria for the analytical hierarchy

technique, with a scale of 1 for design criteria that are equally relevant and 9 for

design aspects that are significantly more significant.

 45

Table 12
Trade-Off Analysis of Cacao Shell Remover Using Analytical
Hierarchy Process

Cost-Effectiveness
Maintainability
Comfortability
Productivity

Percentage
Row Total
Reliability
Usability

Ranking
Safety
Productivity 1 3 5 7 2 2 7 27.00 21.70 6
Safety 1/3 1 9 7 2 7 9 35.33 28.40 7
Usability 1/5 1/9 1 3 2 4 7 17.31 13.91 5
Reliability 1/7 1/7 1/3 1 3 2 9 15.62 12.55 3
Comfortability 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/3 1 5 9 16.83 13.53 4
Maintainability 1/2 1/7 1/4 1/2 1/5 1 8 10.59 8.51 2
Cost-Effectiveness 1/7 1/9 1/7 1/9 1/9 1/8 1 1.74 1.40 1
Column Total 2.82 5.01 16.23 18.94 10.31 21.13 50.00 124.43 1
See Appendix for Computation

Table 12 above shows the design criteria evaluation of a cacao shell remover

using an analytical hierarchy process (AHP). A comparison of a criterion with itself

is equally important. Reverse comparisons must be reciprocals of the criterion. The

various criteria were prioritized based on their importance in cocoa bean shell

removal. The individual total raw score was computed by averaging the scores on

the horizontal and vertical categories. Each amount was added together to reach the

total. Finally, each criterion's total raw score was divided by its total raw score.
 46

Table 13
Results using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)

Cost-Effectiveness
Maintainability
Comfortability
Productivity

Reliability
Usability

Average
Safety
21.70 28.40 13.91 12.55 13.53 8.51 1.40
Weight 100%
% % % % % % %
Design 1 108.49 127.78 64.34 59.62 62.57 41.50 6.13 67.20
Design 2 89.51 110.03 55.65 42.36 54.11 28.73 5.26 55.09

Design 3 70.52 113.58 55.65 48.64 55.80 32.99 5.43 54.66

See Appendix for Computation

Table 13 shows the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) is a common process

for multi-criteria decision-making, with the first design alternative gaining the

highest average of 67.20 and the third design alternative with the least average of

54.66.

Table 14
Multiple-criteria Decision Analysis (MDCA)
Weight Alternatives
Design Criteria
Importance Design 1 Design 2 Design 3
1. Maintainability 0.10 0.40 0.30 0.20
2. Reliability 0.15 0.45 0.45 0.45
3. Productivity 0.20 1.00 0.80 0.80
4. Comfortability 0.10 0.30 0.40 0.30
5. Safety 0.25 1.00 0.75 1.00
6. Usability 0.15 0.45 0.30 0.45
7. Cost Effectiveness 0.05 0.10 0.10 0.10
Total 3.70 3.10 3.30
See Appendix for Computation

Multiple criteria decision analysis can be employed as well to identify and

choose the best design from a set of possibilities. The percentage of the
 47

significance rating for each criterion will reflect how significant each of the criteria

is. Then, assess each design possibility for each criterion; the best design option

earns the highest rating. Each weight significance score will be multiplied by the

solution. The range conversion scores are used to standardize the ratings of each

design. The difference between the new significance value and each design's

scores were summed up, and the design with the greatest summation was selected

as the best design choice. Based on the results, Design 1 is chosen as the best

design among the possibilities.

Table 15
Summary of Results Using Trade-Off Analysis Techniques

Trade-off Analysis Techniques Design 1 Design 2 Design 3

Standard Weighted Sum (SWS) 18.93 15.76 15.38

Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) 67.20 55.09 54.66
Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MDCA) 3.70 3.10 3.30
See Appendix for Computation

Table 15 summarizes the results obtained after employing several trade-off

analysis methodologies to determine the optimal design option to be produced.

Design 1 had the greatest score for the standard weighted sum (SWS) with a score

of 18.93, the analytical hierarchy (AHP) with a score of 67.20, and the multi-

criteria decision analysis (MDCA). As a consequence, Design 1 is the best design

that can be created.

 48

4. Development the best design for cacao beans shell remover.

The best design for cacao beans shell remover is a roller type under the

guidelines of the trade-off analysis and survey.

Roller type (enclosed view)

Isometric View

Figure 7. Best Alternative Design 1 of Proposed Cacao bean shell remover

with Roller

Figure 7 depicts the different parts or sections of the best alternative design of

the cacao bean shell remover. The machine required a rubber roller, a vibrating tray,
 49

a speed reducer, a motor, a plug, a breaker, a cacao bean tray of shell, and nibs. The

image additionally depicts the machine's actual setup.

Alternative Design 1 is a roller type cacao bean shell remover composed of

aluminum cladding, aluminum angle, stainless sheet, motor, push button, breaker,

fan, pillow block, speed reducer, chain, rubber roller, and sprocket. Design 1

considered cost, material properties, and quality. Moreover, in order to ensure the

usability of the machine and the quality of the cacao beans shell remover, the

researchers considered the cost and quality ofthe materials to be used.

Rubber Roller
(Crusher)

)
Vibrating Tray
Fan

Cacao Beans
Shell Tray

(a) Enclosed Rear View (b) Opened Rear View

Figures 8a and 8b. The Enclosed and Opened Rear View of the Cacao Beans

Shell

Figures 8a and 8b shows the enclosed and opened rear view of the cacao beans

shell remover. The opened rear view of the machine displays the rubber roller

(crusher), vibrating tray, cacao bean shell tray, and fan. The two (2) rubber rollers'

main function was to crack or crush the cacao beans, after which they fell to the

vibrating tray to help separate the cacao beans and shell. Using the fan, the cacao
 50

bean shell was removed from the beans and dropped onto the cacao beans shell

tray.

Cacao Beans
Nibs Tray

(a) Enclosed Front View (b) Enclosed Front View

Figures 9a and 9b. The Enclosed and Opened Front View of Cacao

Beans Shell Remover

The Enclosed and Opened Front View of Cacao Bean Shell roller-type

remover is shown in Figures 9a and 9b. It shows the cacao nib tray, which is

where the cacao beans dropped once, they separated from the fan.

Breaker

(a) Enclosed Left View (b) Enclosed Right View

Figures 10a and 10b. The Enclosed Left and Right Side View of the Cacao

Beans ShellRemover
 51

Figures 10a and 10b show the enclosed left and right side of the machine. The

left side of the machine contains the pillow block, while the breaker is on the right

side. The breaker function was to start and to end of the machine.

Pillow Block

Chain

Speed Reducer
Plug

Motor

Figure 11. Detailed Right Side View of the Cacao Beans Shell Remover

Figure 11 displays the pillow block, chain, speed reducer, plug, and motor.

These parts are placed on the right side of the machine. The pillow block's

function was to support the rotating rubber roller, and the chain was utilized to

connect the two (2) pillow blocks and convey their circular motion to one another.

Speed reducers were used to safely and efficiently manage and lower the speed

of the motor; the motor was the one that provided the power to drive the machine.

Furthermore, the plug was the detachable connector responsible for supplying

electric current from the power source to run the machine.

 52

Cacao Beans Tray

(a) Enclosed Top View (b) Opened Top View

Figures 12a and 12b. The Top View of the Cacao Beans Shell Remover

Figures 12a and 12b show the enclosed and opened top view of the cacao

beans shell remover. It displays the cacao beans entry of the machine where the

users can put the roastedcacao beans.

Figure 13. Cacao Beans Shell Remover with one of Villa Lolita

Farm’s Worker

The photo of the cacao beans shell remover machine with one of the Villa

Lolita Farm’s workers is shown in figure 13.

 53

Preliminary Testing Stage

The cacao bean shell remover underwent preliminary testing for 14 days,

from March 19, 2023, to April 1, 2023, for four (4) hours per day, to determine

whether it performed as designed by the researchers. The researchers were able

to improve the machine based on the preliminary testing findings. The

conclusion was also helpful when determining what adjustments to make if flaws

or difficulties occurred.

There were 510 pieces of beans per thirty (30) minutes of testing the machine:

21 pieces of cacao beans that were not crushed were thin and dry and dropped

into a cacao shell tray, and 150 cacao beans were whole that removed the shell

but were not crushed. Furthermore, the 4% or the 21 pieces of cacao beans that

were thin were advised to undergo another process to be crushed. As a result, the

21 pieces of cacao beans became 18 pieces or 3.6% out of 100%. Additionally,

the problem was the input and not the machine because the cacao was thin and

dry.

There were shells that were mixed in the cacao nib tray, and the researchers

proposed using a winnowing technique to ensure that shells are separated from

the cacao beans. Winnowing is the process of separating heavy components of a

mixture from lighter components using wind. This procedure is used to separate

cacao nibs from the shell after crushing.

 54

Table 16
Problems Encountered and Modification Process of the Researchers on the
Preliminary Testing
Problem Effect of problem Source of problem Modification
Encountered Process
Put another
stainless-steel
Some of the cacao plate to
beans were going prevent the
Open hole through the side of cacao beans
the cacao beans from
entry. compressing
in the side
hole.
Adjust the
Some of the cacao
Space between space
beans could not be
the two rubber between the
crushed
rollers rubber
immediately.
rollers.

The
the rubber wheels
machine's
keep the machine
rubber wheel
Rubber wheels moving which
was removed
caused the machine
to avoid
to become unstable.
movement.

Table 16 shows the problems encountered on the machine during the

preliminary testing including the effect of the problem, the source of the problem,

and its modification process.

5. Evaluation the effectiveness of the cacao beans shell remover in terms of:

5.1 Maintainability

Maintenance or cleaning procedures should be implemented correctly and

properly. Equipment used in the production and crushing processes, as well as

reusable containers, should be cleaned and sanitized as needed regularly.

Cleaning techniques for cacao shell remover should involve applying

 55

lubricating oil to the chain every month and removing dirt from the

equipment's surfaces using a food-grade lubricant every use.

5.2 Reliability

The researchers used a testing checklist to fill out a questionnaire after

utilizing the cacao beans shell remover to evaluate it. We asked two (2) workers

to answer the testing checklist.

Table 17
Testing Checklist of the Cacao Beans Shell Remover

Performance Yes Needs Improvement

1. Is it safe to use the cacao bean shell

✔
remover?
2. Does it function according to its
✔
purpose?
3. Does it produce high-quality results? ✔
4. Is the time lessened in removing cacao
✔
beans?
5. Is the cocoa bean shell remover reducing
✔
the employees' physical discomfort?
See Appendix B.7 for the tabulation of the result

The researchers examined data, which was required to assess the semi-

automated machine's reliability, as shown in Table 17. It was reliable because

it was able to achieve its intended result, which was to increase farmer

productivity and meet the food safety standard of the cacao bean shell remover.

The semi-automated equipment proved to be very efficient when compared to

the workers present procedure.

 56

5.3 Productivity

This section showed the performance of the new process in cacao beans

shell remover roll holder in terms of productivity.

Table 18
Productivity for Shell Removing of Two (2) Kilograms of Cacao Bean

New
Parameter Unit Old Process
Process

Manpower Farmer 2 workers 1 machine

Working Time hr 16 hours 2 hours

Labor Productivity kg/hr 0.125 kg/hr 1 kg/hr

See Appendix for Computation

The labor productivity for the old and new processes for two (2) kilograms

of cacao beans was shown in Table 18. It displays the number of farmers, the

number of hours spent working, and their labor productivity. Researchers

calculated the productivity of labor of the old and new cacao bean shelling

methods by dividing the amount of kilograms used by the number of workers

times by the duration of work. The outcome revealed that the old labor

productivity for cacao bean shell remover is 0.125 kilograms per hour in

comparison to the new labor productivity of 1 kilogram per hour. The

researchers have found that the new cacao bean shell remover was more

productive than the traditional way of removing the shell. The researchers

discovered that the new cacao bean shell remover was more efficient than the

previous method. Furthermore, using the researchers' developed machine

 57

increased worker productivity to 1 kg per hour, resulting in a 700% increase

in production.

5.4 Comfortability

Anthropometry is related to comfortability because the body is in a neutral

position;

Table 19
Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) Result (Manual)
Body Parts Image Score Interpretation

A 45-90 upper arm position

Upper Arm 3 garners a +3 score since its
angle falls from 45.

The lower arm position has a

Lower Arm 3 +2 score since its angle falls
between 60 and 1 adjustment.

For the wrist position, a +2

score is obtained since it is
Wrist 4
more than 15˚ and +2 for the
wrist twist.

A +3 score in neck position

Neck 3 was obtained as a neck bend of
20 and falls between the 20 +.

The trunk/ lower back position

Trunk scores +3 for bending 20˚ and
3
falls to 20- 60˚ and adjustment
of 2.
Source: RULA. See Appendix for computations

Table 19 shows that the researchers applied Rapid Upper Limb

Assessment (RULA) to evaluate the exposure of individual workers to the

ergonomic risk factor associated with upper extremity MSD (musculoskeletal

disorder) in the cacao shell remover machine. Considering all the variables in
 58

RULA, the final score is five (5) shows that investigation and changes are

required soon.

Table 20
Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) Result (Machine)
Body Parts Image Score Interpretation

The upper arm position garners

Upper Arm
1 a +1 score since it angles at 20
degrees

Lower Arm Lower arm position garners a

1 +1 score since it angles at 60-
100 degrees

Wrist The wrist position is at a 0-

1 degree angle, a +1 score is
added

Neck Neck position garners a +2

2 score since it angles at 10-20
degrees

Trunk Trunk position garner a +2

2 score since it angles at 0-20
degrees

Legs The legs position garners a +1

1 score since the legs and feet are
supported.

Source: RULA. See Appendix for computations

Table 20 shows that the researchers applied Rapid Upper Limb Assessment

(RULA) to evaluate the exposure of individual workers to the ergonomic risk

 59

factor associated with upper extremity MSD (musculoskeletal disorder) in the

cacao shell remover machine. This assessment scored two (2), which means

that it is acceptable.

5.5 Safety

Proper safety precautions aid in ensuring that your workers are safer, and

it's simply beneficial for business.

Table 21
Safety Checklist for the Cacao Beans Shell Remover

Performance Yes No
Are there any exposed moving parts (chains, belts, gears,
✔
flywheels, etc.)?
Are there any other exposed mechanical parts that might be
✔
sharp or otherwise hazardous (screws, bolts, edges, etc.)?
Is the machine securely fastened to the ground or other
✔
buildings as required?
Was the machine configured in accordance with the
✔
appropriate norms and standards?
Is the machine correctly grounded? ✔
Is the power supply properly fused and protected? ✔
Are all of the electrical connections secure? ✔
Is it necessary to mark any dangerous cables or other
✔
electrical components?
Is there any cables on the floor where employees must
✔
move?
Are workers protected against noise from the machine? ✔
Is the working environment safe (temperature, humidity,
✔
radiation, and so on)?
Is the floor dry and safe for employee movement? ✔
 60

Are required ergonomic features in place (functional

✔
forward reach, display height and angle)?
Are workers dressed properly to operate the machinery
safely (no jewelry, no loose clothing, proper footwear, hair ✔
tied back, etc.)?
Is there a maintenance log present at the machine? ✔
Are workers trained in how to review maintenance
✔
information to ensure that the machine is ready to use?
Are maintenance workers trained in safe procedures such as
✔
disconnecting the machine from power sources?
Are starting and stopping controls in place and reachable? ✔
Have starting and stopping controls been tested? ✔
Are there safeguards against any hazardous materials
✔
(lubricants, chemicals, scrapmaterials, etc.)?
Are the safeguards suitable for workers of all sizes? ✔
Have all workers present been trained to use the machine
✔
properly?
Have all workers present been trained on the safety features
✔
of the machine (safeguards, start/stop controls, etc.)?
Have all workers present been trained in the proper response
✔
for safety issues that might arise?
Are all operating manuals and documentation in the
✔
languages understood by the workers?
Source: www.omega.com/en-us/resources/machine-safety-checklist

Table 21 shows that a machine safety checklist should contain both safety

equipment and components as well as procedures and regulations to guarantee

that workers take the necessary precautions. Machine safety included

mechanical hazards, electrical hazards, and other hazards.

 61

5.6 Usability

Usability deals with the effectiveness, efficiency, and general satisfaction

of those who use it.

Table 22
Testing Checklist of the Cacao Beans Shell Remover for
Usability
Needs
Performance Yes
Improvement
1. Is it safe to use the cacao bean shell ✔
remover machine?
2. Does the rubber roller, fan, pillow ✔
block, and speed reducer function
according to its purpose?
3. Does the motor of the machine can ✔
generate force to operate?
4. Is the breaker easy to reach to turn ✔
and off the machine?
5. Is the time lessened in removing ✔
cacao beans?
6. Is the cocoa bean shell remover ✔
reducing the worker’s physical
discomfort?
Source: www.researchgate.net/publication/_Usability_Testing

Table 22 displayed the usability checklist to determine whether it was able

to achieve its intended result, which the machine can adequately use to

achieve the desired consequence. According to “Eye Tracking in User

Experience Design” by (Hawala et al.,2014) the assessment of usability

begins with the creation of an accurate representation of task tests against

which the various usability aspects may be tested. As users of the machine,

the cacao bean shell remover is safe to use. It functions according to its

purpose. It produces high-quality results, the time is lessened in removing the

 62

cacao beans, and it reduces the worker’s physical discomfort. It was usable

since it produced the desired outcome. The workers agreed.

5.6 Cost Effectiveness

Cost-effectiveness analysis performed to determine how successful the
new process was and how well it improved the business's financial costs.

Table 23
Cost Effectiveness Between the Old and New Process in One (1) kg

Cost Total Cost

Process Parameter Workers Outcome
(Php) (Php)
Old Manual 2 500/8hrs 1 kg 1000.00
New Machine 1 51.88/50mins 1 kg 51.88
Total Savings: 948.12
Source: www. icer.org/our-approach/methods-process/cost-effectiveness

Table 23 shows the two (2) employees could remove the shell of 1 kilogram

of cacao in a day using the manual procedure, which cost 1000.00 pesos per

day. The machine can remove the shell for 1 kg in 50 minutes for only 51.88

pesos. The total savings is Php 948.12. As a result, the machine could provide

good outcomes while minimizing cost and maximizing profit, more efficient,

and productive than the manual process.

 63

CHAPTER V

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter elaborated on the summary of findings, conclusions, and recommendations

from the analysis of the data collected for the "Design and Development of Cacao Beans

Shell Remover for Villa Lolita Farm".

Summary of Findings

Based on the obtained data, the following conclusions were established.

1. Different standard parameters and design parameters must be considered when it

comes to the fabrication of the Portable Cacao Beans Shell Remover Machine. A

standard machine's parameters are as follows: input and output capacity (a

maximum of 4 kilos per day), cracking mechanism, fabrication requirement, and

noise level exposure. These parameters are based on the standard parameters of

Philippine National Standard (PNS/BAFS PAES 253:2018; ICS65.060.99).

Parameters on designing are as follows: design specification, material

specifications, and worker’s anthropometry these parameters are set on designing

the cacao beans shell remover.

2. Materials used for the design alternatives are stainless steel, aluminum cladding,

aluminum angles, push buttons, tubular steel, motors, and power supplies. The

dimensions of the portable cacao bean shell remover are linked to the workers

standing height, elbow height, knuckle height, and forward reach.

 64

3. Using trade-off analysis, the best design alternative was Design: 1-Roller Type

Portable Cacao Beans Shell Remover. Three different types of trade-off analysis

techniques were used. These include Standard Weighted Sum with a result of 18.93,

Analytical Hierarchy Process which yields 67.20, Imprecise Decision Making with

a result of 0.7647, and Maximin which yields 4.38. Maintainability, Reliability,

Comfortability, Safety, Usability, and Cost Effectiveness are all considered in

designing the Cacao Beans Shell Remover.

4. The Roller Type Portable Cacao Beans Shell Remover was developed and it’s

composed of a different system of components, such as a 1Hp motor and 12volts

dc, pillow block, speed reducer, push-button circuit, rubber rollers, rubber wheel,

blower fan, and vibrating try.

5. The effectiveness of the portable cacao beans shell remover machine was also

assessed through a change in productivity which helps to increase their product

output. The safety standards were considered by the researchers resulting to reduce

the risk factor of the workers. The usability and maintainability were also

considered to be easily adopted by the intended user and can be used for a long

period of time.

6. The new procedure of cacao beans shell remover consisted of 4 elements which are

stated in the Instructional Manual.

Conclusions

Based on the summary of findings, the following conclusion was developed:

 65

1. The different parameters in the development of a portable cacao bean shell remover

were important to consider in the analysis: input and output capacity to increase the

product output. Cracking mechanism and fabrication requirement to improve the

quality of the product. Noise level exposure to reduce the risk factors. Design

specification, material specification, and worker’s anthropometry to improve the

designing of cacao beans shell remover for the better quality of the machine.

2. In determining the requirements for the Portable Cacao Beans Shell Remover was

important to consider design specifications to increase the chances of producing an

effective product and improve the comfortability of the intended user of the

machine. Material requirements to improve customer satisfaction, reducing cost,

and high-quality materials were safe to use. Worker’s anthropometry to help design

products to meet ergonomic needs and determine the degree of protection against

dangerous exposures.

3. Trade-off Analysis helps to the determine best alternative design for the portable

cacao beans remover machine, considering maintainability, reliability,

productivity, comfortability, safety, usability, and cost-effectiveness.

4. The developed portable cacao beans remover machine was a huge help in

increasing the overall productivity of the workers and reducing the risk factor.

5. The Instructional Manual was used to operate the machine or learn a specific thing.

It is important to have a manual for it will be the users’ guide all throughout the

time that the worker is using the equipment.

 66

Recommendations

Based on the findings and conclusion of the study, the researchers came to the following

recommendations:

1. They may consider a new and organized workstation for the efficient flow of

production.

2. They may consider providing a hand glove that can easily remove a cocoa bean

shell and protect their fingers and hands that will not hamper their productivity.

3. They may consider having an improved process for the cacao shell bean remover

using the portable machine prototype.

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10/297-2017-nationalethical-guidelines-revision
 Checklist for Software Reliability and Availability Acceptance Criteria
https://www.softwaretestinggenius.com/checklist-for-software-reliability-and-
availability-acceptance-criteria/
https://amtec.ceat.uplb.edu.ph/standards/
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10926-020-09879-x
https://amtec.ceat.uplb.edu.ph/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/PNS-BAFS-PAES-
253_2018-Cacao-Huller-Specifications.pdf
APPENDICES
 APPENDIX A

Survey and Trade-Off Questionnaire

Body Map Showing the Pain Level on Each Body Region

 Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA)

SCORES
Table A
Wrist
1 2 3 4
Upper Lower Wrist Twist Wrist Twist Wrist Twist Wrist Twist
Arm Arm 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 3
3 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3
2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3
3 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 4
2 1 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 4
2 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4
3 3 4 4 4 4 4 5 5
3 1 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 5
2 3 4 4 4 4 4 5 5
3 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 4
3 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5
2 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5
3 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 1
5 1 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 7
2 5 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 Trunk Posture Score
3 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6
6 1 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 9 Legs Legs Legs Legs Legs Legs
2 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 1 2
Neck 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
3 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 1 1 3 2 3 3 4 5 5 6 6 7 7
2 2 2 3 2 3 4 5 5 5 6 7 7 7
Table C 3 3 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 7

1 2 3 4 5 6 7+ Table B 4 5 5 5 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 8 8
2 1 1 2 3 3 4 5 5 5 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
2 2 2 3 4 4 5 5 6 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9
3 3 3 3 4 4 5 6
4 3 3 3 4 5 6 6
4 5 4 4 4 5 6 7 7 5
+ 6
7
4
5
4
5
5
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7 +
8+ 5 5 6 7 7 7 7
0 0
+ +
0 0
= =
4 Final Score 5 5

Name: Xxxxxx Xxxxxxxx Assessor: Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxx

Section: Xxxxxxxx Task: Xxxxxxxx Date: dd/mm/yyyy

APPENDIX B

Computations
B.1 Average Anthropometric Measurement of Workers

Standing Height: 149.86 cm, 154.20 cm, 152.40 cm

𝑥−𝜇
𝑧=
𝜎
154.20−152.15
𝑧= P (0.94) = 82.64%
2.18

Forward Reach: 63 cm, 63 cm, 64 cm

𝑥−𝜇
𝑧=
𝜎
64−63.33
𝑧= P (1.16) = 87.70%
0.58

Elbow Height: 82 cm, 84 cm, 85 cm

85−83.67
𝑧= P (0.87) = 80.78%
1.53

Knuckle Height: 56 cm, 57 cm, 58 cm

𝑥−𝜇
𝑧=
𝜎
58−57
𝑧= P (1) = 84.13%
1
B.2 Trade Off Analysis Survey Result and Computation

DESIGN CRITERIA IMPORTANCE ALTERNATIVES

DESIGN 1 DESIGN 2 DESIGN 3
Maintainability 3 4.88 3.38 3.88

Reliability 4 4.75 4.00 3.88

Productivity 6 5.00 4.13 3.25

Comfortability 3 4.63 4.00 4.13

Safety 5 4.50 3.88 4.00

Usability 5 4.63 4.00 4.00

Cost Effectiveness 1 4.38 3.75 3.88

Total Score 28 33 27 27
Average 18.93 15.76 15.38

SWSD1= (3 X 4.88)+(4 X 4.75)+(6 X 5.00)+(3X 4.63)+(5 X 4.50)+(5 X 4.63)+(1 X 4.38)

7
SWSD1= 18.93

SWSD2= (3 X 3.38)+(4 X 4.00)+(6 X 4.13)+(3X 4.00)+(5 X 3.88)+(5 X 4.00)+(1 X 3.75)

7
SWSD1= 15.76

SWSD3= (3 X 3.88)+(4 X 3.88)+(6 X 3.25)+(3X 4.13)+(5 X 4.00)+(5 X 4.00)+(1 X 3.88)

7
SWSD1= 15.38
Analytical Hierarchy Process
Productivity
 APPENDIX C

Supporting Documents
Supply and Demand of Villa Lolita Farm

Supply (kg) Demand (kg)

104 140

Work Schedule of Villa Lolita Farm

Results of the CMDQ nad the RULA after having the Cacao Bean Shell Remover
Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA)
Instruction for Operation and Maintenance
APPENDIX D

Letters
APPENDIX E

Documentations
E.1 Conducting Survey
E.2 Villa Lolita Farm: Manual Process of removal of Cacao Beans
E.3 Anthropometric Measurements

E.4 Fabrication
E.5 Testing
INSTRUCTION FOR OPERATION
AND MAINTENANCE

Cacao Beans Shell Remover – Roller Type

 2

CACAO BEANS SHELL REMOVER WORK INSTRUCTION FOR

OPERATION

1. Plug the machine into a power source. (Isaksak ang makina sa saksakan)

2. Place the tray on the bottom part of the machine. (ilagay ang tay sa ilalim na
parte ng makina)

3. Open the back door of the machine and set the fan in number 2. (Buksan ang
likod na parte ng makina at buhayin ang electic fan)
 3

4. Switch the breaker on placed on the right side of the machine. (Buksan ang
breaker na nasa kanang parte ng machine)

5. Open the door of the cacao beans entry then put the cacao beans on it. (Buksan
ang itaas na parte ng makina kung saan dun ilalagay ang mga cacao beans)

6. When the cacao beans are finished crushing, pull out the cacao bean tray to get

the beans. (Pagkatapos ng buong proseso, hilahin ang tray sa ilalim kung

nasaan ang mga nabalatan na cacao beans).

 4

CACAO BEANS SHELL REMOVER WORK INSTRUCTION FOR

MAINTENANCE

1. Cleaning of the Machine – use clean cloth lightly dampened with water to

remove unwanted substances such dust, dirt, ang other impurities.

2. Lubricating of the Machine – apply lubricating oil to the chain of the machine

and use food-grade lubricant to remove dirt from the equipment's surfaces.

TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE OF MACHINE

1. Transportation - During transportation, it is important to take precautions to

keep the machine upright and to transfer it without inverting or laying it on its

side. It should not be jerkily raised or lowered when being craned. It also needs

to be kept away from fog and rain to prevent moisture or water from entering

the motor of the machine.

2. Storage - The motors should be stored in dry and well-ventilated indoor storage.

MAINTENANCE, INSPECTION AND REPAIRS

1. Follow this manual when carrying out maintenance or inspections related to this

machine.

2. Prior to any maintenance procedure, turn the machine OFF and disconnect all

power sources.

3. This machine must be repaired, serviced and inspected only by a worker that

has received special training.

4. Always turn the power OFF after use,

5. Use genuine replacement parts for repairs and maintenance.

6. The user must not make improvements or changes without instruction from

fabricator/expert.
 5

OTHER SAFETY MEASURES

1. Keep fingers AWAY from all moving machine parts (especially around the

roller crusher, etc.). Rotating parts are dangerous. Keep hands and body out of

the operating area.

2. Do not stand or sit on any part of the machine.

3. Never put any foreign object into the operating area.

4. Do not operate the machine without the protective parts such as the safety

garments, safety glasses, gloves, etc.

5. If any damage is observed in the machine, if the machine does not operate

correctly, or if the operation is suspicious, always suspend operation. Only

operate the machine after the fabricator/expert has adjusted, repaired or

inspected the machine. Failure to follow these warnings could result in death or

severe personal injury.

Design and development of cacao shell remover
ORIGINALITY REPORT

13 %
SIMILARITY INDEX
6%
INTERNET SOURCES
4%
PUBLICATIONS
8%
STUDENT PAPERS

PRIMARY SOURCES

1
Submitted to BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
Student Paper 4%
2
www.omega.com
Internet Source 2%
3
E.T. Akinlabi, O. J. Adelakun, I. P. Okokpujie, S.
A. Akinlabi. "Processing and Marketing Risk
1%
Factor of Cocoa Industry in Nigeria", Journal
of Physics: Conference Series, 2019
Publication

4
amtec.ceat.uplb.edu.ph
Internet Source 1%
5
Azim Karimi, Iman Dianat, Abdullah
Barkhordari, Iman Yusefzade, Marzieh Rohani-
<1 %
Rasaf. "A multicomponent ergonomic
intervention involving individual and
organisational changes for improving
musculoskeletal outcomes and exposure risks
among dairy workers", Applied Ergonomics,
2020
Publication
6
"Ergonomics for Design and Innovation",
Springer Science and Business Media LLC,
<1 %
2022
Publication

7
www.coursehero.com
Internet Source <1 %
8
Aileen F. Villamonte, Patrick John S. Silva,
Divina Gracia D. Ronquillo, Marife A. Rosales,
<1 %
Argel A. Bandala, Elmer P. Dadios. "Python
Based Defect Classification of Theobroma
Cacao Bean using Fine-Tuned Visual
Geometry Group16", 2021 IEEE 13th
International Conference on Humanoid,
Nanotechnology, Information Technology,
Communication and Control, Environment,
and Management (HNICEM), 2021
Publication

9
erdt.coe.upd.edu.ph
Internet Source <1 %
10
"Ergonomics in Caring for People", Springer
Science and Business Media LLC, 2018
<1 %
Publication

11
www.researchgate.net
Internet Source <1 %
12
Rahul Jain, Makkhan Lal Meena, Manoj Kumar
Sain, Govind Sharan Dangayach. "Pulling force
<1 %
prediction using neural networks",
 International Journal of Occupational Safety
and Ergonomics, 2018
Publication

13
patentimages.storage.googleapis.com
Internet Source <1 %
14
Carla Estrada-Muñoz, Héctor Madrid-Casaca,
Guido Salazar-Sepúlveda, Nicolás Contreras-
<1 %
Barraza et al. "Musculoskeletal Symptoms
and Assessment of Ergonomic Risk Factors on
a Coffee Farm", Applied Sciences, 2022
Publication

15
essaywritingcompany96.blogspot.com
Internet Source <1 %
16
Submitted to Ateneo de Davao University
Student Paper <1 %
17
Submitted to Nottingham Trent University
Student Paper <1 %
18
Submitted to Los Rios Community College
District
<1 %
Student Paper

19
Submitted to University of Wisconsin - Stout
Student Paper <1 %
20
link.springer.com
Internet Source <1 %
21
www.mdpi.com
Internet Source <1 %
22
www.semanticscholar.org
Internet Source <1 %
23
Submitted to CND International School
Student Paper <1 %
24
Submitted to Pangasinan State University
Student Paper <1 %
25
actamedicaphilippina.upm.edu.ph
Internet Source <1 %
26
Submitted to Mindanao State University
Student Paper <1 %
27
repo.uinsatu.ac.id
Internet Source <1 %
28
Submitted to Loughborough University
Student Paper <1 %
29
pdfs.semanticscholar.org
Internet Source <1 %
30
qspace.library.queensu.ca
Internet Source <1 %
31
M. A. Barakat, M. H. H. Mahmoud, M.
Shehata. "Hydrometallurgical Recovery of Zinc
<1 %
from Fine Blend of Galvanization Processes",
Separation Science and Technology, 2006
Publication

32
Submitted to De La Salle University
Student Paper <1 %
33
jurnal.teknologiindustriumi.ac.id
Internet Source <1 %
34
library.unisel.edu.my
Internet Source <1 %
35
patents.glgoo.top
Internet Source <1 %
36
vbn.aau.dk
Internet Source <1 %
37
Nurul Izzah Abd Rahman, Siti Zawiah Md
Dawal, Nukman Yusoff, Nabilla Sofia Mohd
<1 %
Kamil. "Anthropometric measurements
among four Asian countries in designing
sitting and standing workstations", Sādhanā,
2018
Publication

Exclude quotes Off Exclude matches Off

Exclude bibliography On
 Reference No.: BatStateU-CE-04 Effectivity Date: January 3, 2017 Revision No.: 00

Republic of the Philippines

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
Batangas City

CERTIFICATE OF EDITING OF THESIS

This is to certify that the project study entitled “DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT
OF CACAO BEANS SHELL REMOVER FOR VILLA LOLITA FARM” of JANE
JHARLEEN F. ARRIETA, JOYCEBELLE D. CONCEPCION, KRIZZA R.
MACAPAS, PATRISHA G. SANTOS and VIELKA C. VEGA in partial fulfillment of
the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Industrial Engineering of
Batangas State University has been reviewed and edited by the undersigned based on the
minutes of the Final Defense.

It now follows the standard format of the University and convention of research writing.

Nolemita A. Cusi
Thesis Grammarian

Date Signed: May13, 2023

 Jane Jharleen F. Arrieta
Aplaya, Bauan, Batangas
+639567285592
janejhasrleenarrieta@gmail.com

Committed student seeking an On-the-Job Training position at a well-established organization that will
help me improve my abilities, broaden my knowledge, and reach my full potential.

Personal Profile Educational Background

Age: 22 years old Tertiary

Gender: Female
Date of Birth: February 26, 2001
Civil Status: Single
Citizenship: Filipino
Religion: Born Again Christian
Affilliation
Junior Philippine Institute of
Industrial Engineers – BSU Main II
Chapter
2019 - Present
Batangas Society of Industrial
Engineering Students (BSIES)
2019 - Present
Skills
Computer literate (Microsoft
Office – Word, Excel, PowerPoint;
Basic AutoCAD, and Solid Works)
Computer – literate (MS Office,
Solid works, Excel QM and Basic
AutoCad)
Good oral and written
communication skills, willing to
learn and to be trained and Self-
motivated, Punctual, Good
Learner, Flexible and willing to
work as team
Good written and verbal
communication skiils
Character Reference
Engr. Jerson Culla
OJT Coordinator/Instructor
Industrial Engineering Department
Batangas State University – Main II
09124384195
Batangas State University
Alangilan Batangas City
2018 - Present
Secondary
Bauan Technical Integrated Bauan Technical Integrated
High School High School
Poblacion 1, Bauan, Batangas Poblacion 1, Bauan, Batangas
Senior High School Junior High School
2017 - 2019 2013 - 2017
Elementary
West Bauan Central School
Aplaya, Bauan, Batangas
2007 - 2013
Seminars and Trainings
LEAN SIX SIGMA WHITE BELT CERTIFICATION (CLSSWB)
COUNCIL FOR SIX SIGMA CERTIFICATION
June 23, 2022
BASIC OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (BOSH) WITH 2-HOUR TRAINING
OF TRAINER
FRREAL OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY TRAINING SERVICES
June 18-19 and 25-26, 2022
Work Immersion at NYK TDG (PHIL) INC.
Logistics Department
Bauan, Batangas
November 12-23, 2018
CJI General Services Inc.
Total Plant Maintenance Department - Blended Internship Training
Sarmiento Rd., Brgy. Danglayan, San Pascual, 4204 Batangas
September 01, 2022 -November 29, 2022
LEAN SIX SIGMA YELLOW BELT CERTIFICATION (CLSSYB)
AskLex Ph Academy
January 31, 2023
PROJECT MANAGEMENT FUNDAMENTAL CERTIFICATION
AskLex Ph Academy
January 31, 2023
I hereby certify that all the above information is true and correct to
the best and my knowledge and belief
JANE JHARLEEN F. ARRIETA
APPLICANT
 Joycebelle D. Concepcion
Pagkilatan Batangas City
+639954733054
joycebelle.concepcion@g.batstate-u.edu.ph

To gain a challenge position in which I can completely use the nurtured expertise I have learned from the
institution, improve my skills in a fast-paced workplace, and gain valuable skills for professional growth in
a real-world setting.

Personal Profile Educational Background

Age: 21 years old Tertiary

Gender: Female
Date of Birth: October 27, 2001
Civil Status: Single
Citizenship: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
Affilliation
Junior Philippine Institute of
Industrial Engineers – BSU Main II
Chapter
2019 - Present
Batangas Society of Industrial
Engineering Students (BSIES)
2019 - Present
Skills
Knowledgeable in Industrial
Engineering Course: Operations
Management, Operations
Research, Ergonomics, Work
Measurement and Quality
Control
Computer – literate (MS Office,
Solid works, Excel QM and Basic
AutoCad)
Capable of working
independently or as a team
Good written and verbal
communication skiils
Character Reference
Engr. Jerson Culla
OJT Coordinator/Instructor
Industrial Engineering Department
Batangas State University – Main II
09124384195
Batangas State University
Alangilan Batangas City
2018 - Present
Secondary
Golden Gate Colleges Pedro S. Tolentino Memorial Integrated School
P. Prieto St., Batangas City Ilijan Batangas City
Senior High School Junior High School
2017 - 2019 2013 - 2017
Elementary
Pagkilatan Elementary School
Pagkilatan Batangas City
2007 - 2013
Seminars and Trainings
LEAN SIX SIGMA WHITE BELT CERTIFICATION (CLSSWB)
COUNCIL FOR SIX SIGMA CERTIFICATION
June 23, 2022
BASIC OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (BOSH) WITH 2-HOUR
TRAINING OF TRAINER
FRREAL OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY TRAINING SERVICES
June 18-19 and 25-26, 2022
FILCONFAN INCORPORATED
P2-62 Dimachuha Road, Sta. Rita Batangas City, Philippines
Blended Internship Training
August 25, 2022 - December 05, 2022
LEAN SIX SIGMA YELLOW BELT CERTIFICATION (CLSSYB)
AskLex Ph Academy
January 31, 2023
PROJECT MANAGEMENT FUNDAMENTAL CERTIFICATION
AskLex Ph Academy
January 31, 2023
I hereby certify that all the above information is true and correct to
the best and my knowledge and belief
JOYCEBELLE D. CONCEPCION
APPLICANT
 Krizza R. Macapas
Kumintang Ibaba, Batangas City
+639957481153
krizzamacapas@gmail.com

I am an Industrial Engineering student looking for an internship related to my course. That will sharpen
my skills and knowledge, allowing me to excel in various aspects of the workplace and industry.

Personal Profile Educational Background

Age: 23 years old Tertiary

Gender: Female Batangas State University
Date of Birth: May 22, 2000 Alangilan Batangas City
Civil Status: Single 2018 - Present
Citizenship: Filipino Secondary
Religion: Roman Catholic Occidental Mindoro State Purnaga National High School
Colleges Purnaga, Magsaysay,Occidental Mindoro
Affilliation
Labangan, San Jose, Junior High School
Junior Philippine Institute of Occidental Mindoro 2013-2017
Industrial Engineers – BSU Main II Senior High School
Chapter 2017 - 2019
2019 - Present Elementary
Purnaga Elementary School
Batangas Society of Industrial Purnaga, Magsaysay,Occidental Mindoro
Engineering Students (BSIES) 2007 - 2013
2019 - Present Seminars and Trainings
Skills LEAN SIX SIGMA WHITE BELT CERTIFICATION (CLSSWB)
COUNCIL FOR SIX SIGMA CERTIFICATION
Personal Skills
June 2022
- Multitasking BASIC OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (BOSH) WITH 2-HOUR
- Problem Solving TRAINING OF TRAINER
- Leadership FRREAL OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY TRAINING SERVICES
June 18-19 and 25-26, 2022
- Creativity
LEAN SIX SIGMA YELLOW BELT CERTIFICATION (CLSSYB)
AskLex Ph Academy
Technical Skills January 31, 2023
- Microsoft Office PROJECT MANAGEMENT FUNDAMENTAL CERTIFICATION
- Project Management AskLex Ph Academy
January 31, 2023

Character Reference

Engr. Jerson Culla

I hereby certify that all the above information is true and correct to
OJT Coordinator/Instructor
the best and my knowledge and belief
Industrial Engineering Department
Batangas State University – Main II
09124384195
KRIZZA R. MACAPAS
APPLICANT
 Patrisha G. Santos
Sitio Ferry Kumintang Ibaba, Batangas City
+639496612767
patrisha.santos@g.batstate-u.edu.ph

I would like to be able to apply the theories and abilities I've learnt in my university courses to real-world situations. I
would love to be able to function in an independent as well as team-oriented environment, with strong interpersonal
skills, can be counted to get the job done accurately and efficiently. I desire to utilize my time working for your
organization to get valuable work experience.

Personal Profile Educational Background

Age: 21 years old Tertiary

Gender: Female Batangas State University
Date of Birth: July 12, 2001 Alangilan Batangas City
Civil Status: Single 2018 - Present
Citizenship: Filipino Secondary
Religion: Roman Catholic STI College Batangas Batangas National High School
Affilliation Kumintang Ibaba, Batangas City Rizal Avenue St., Batangas City
Senior High School Junior High School
Junior Philippine Institute of 2017 - 2019 2013 - 2017
Industrial Engineers – BSU Main II Elementary
Chapter Batangas City East Elementary School
2019 - Present P. Herrera St., Batangas City
2007 - 2013
Batangas Society of Industrial
Engineering Students (BSIES) Seminars and Trainings
2019 - Present
LEAN SIX SIGMA WHITE BELT CERTIFICATION (CLSSWB)
Skills COUNCIL FOR SIX SIGMA CERTIFICATION
July 14, 2022
Strong team collaboration skills and
BASIC OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (BOSH) WITH 2-HOUR
can work closely with team members
TRAINING OF TRAINER
to achieve engineering goals. Can also
FRREAL OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY TRAINING SERVICES
communicate well in English and
June 18-19 and 25-26, 2022
Filipino, both oral and written.
ERGONEERING 2021: Innovation in an Ever-Changing World
Can easily adapt to any kind of
De La salle University
working environment. Can work
August 28, 2021
efficiently and productively by using
LEAN SIX SIGMA YELLOW BELT CERTIFICATION (CLSSYB)
time wisely
AskLex Ph Academy
Capable of working independently or
January 31, 2023
as a team
PROJECT MANAGEMENT FUNDAMENTAL CERTIFICATION
Proficient in Microsoft Office Word,
AskLex Ph Academy
Excel, Power Point, and Access
January 31, 2023

Character Reference
I hereby certify that all the above information is true and correct to
Engr. Jerson Culla the best and my knowledge and belief
OJT Coordinator/Instructor
Industrial Engineering Department
Batangas State University – Main II
09124384195
PATRISHA G. SANTOS
APPLICANT
 Vielka C. Vega
Balaytigue Nasugbu, Batangas
+63 967 289 7527
vielkavega16@gmail.com

Looking for a suitable job and opportunity where I could practice my skills and knowledge to growth along
with the organization objective and develop my personality and skills, abilities and creativity towards
making significant contribution to the growth and development of the industry thereby develop myself in
the field of Industrial Engineering.

Personal Profile Educational Background

Age: 24 years old Tertiary
Gender: Female
Batangas State University
Date of Birth: November 16, 1998
Alangilan Batangas City
Civil Status: Single
2016 - Present
Citizenship: Filipino
Secondary
Religion: Catholic
Senator Gil Puyat National High School
Balaytigue Nasugbu, Batangas
Affilliation 2011 - 2015
Elementary
Junior Philippine Institute of Balaytigue Elementry School
Industrial Engineers – BSU Main II Balaytigue Nasugbu, Batangas
Chapter 2005 - 2011
2017 - Present

Seminars and Trainings

Skills
Computer literate (Microsoft
Office – Word, Excel, PowerPoint;
Basic AutoCAD, SketchUp and
Solid Works)
Computer – literate (MS Office,
Solid works, Excel QM, Basic
AutoCad and Basic SketchUp)
Good oral and written
communication skills, willing to
learn and hardworking, efficient
teamwork and ability to motivate
JPIIE’s IE Day 2018
“Big Data Analytics as an Industrial Engineering Advantage”
CEAFA Amphitheater, Pablo Borbon Main II, Alangilan Batangas City
March 19, 2018
Basic Occupational Safety and Health (BOSH) Philippine Institute of
Industrial Engineers –FRROHS Consultancy Training Services
February 23, 2020
Certified Lean Six Sigma Yellow Belt Certification ASK Lex PH Academy,
Batangas State University- Main II, Batangas City
March, 2020

Character Reference
I hereby certify that all the above information is true and correct to
Engr. Jerson Culla the best and my knowledge and belief
OJT Coordinator/Instructor
Industrial Engineering Department
Batangas State University – Main II
09124384195
VIELKA C.VEGA
APPLICANT