Criminal Law
TITLE FOUR: CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC INTEREST
CHAPTER ONE
FORGERIES
Section 1: Forging the seal of the Government of the
Philippines Islands, the signature or stamp of the Chief
Executive
Art. 161: Counterfeiting the great seal of the
Government of the Philippine Islands, forging the
signature or stamp of the Chief Executive
Acts Punishable:
1. Any person, who:
a. Forge the great seal of the
Government of the Philippine Islands
b. Forge the signature or stamp of the
Chief Executive
Art. 162: Using forged signature or counterfeit seal or
stamp
Elements:
1. Offender is any person
2. Knows that the same is forged
3. Uses the counterfeit seal or stamp
Section 2: Counterfeiting Coins
Art. 163: Making and Importing and Uttering false coins
Acts Punishable:
1. Making false coins – imitating true & genuine
2. Importing false Coins – bringing to Philippines
3. Uttering false coins – giving away, passing,
circulating
Art. 164: Mutilation of coins, Importation and Utterance
of mutilated Coins
Act Punishable:
1. Mutilating – take off part of the metal which
would decrease value
2. Importing, in connivance with mutilators
3. Uttering, in connivance with mutilators
Art. 165: Selling of False or mutilated coins, without
connivance
Act Punishable:
1. Possession of any coin mutilated or
counterfeited, with intent to utter and know
it is not genuine
2. Actually uttering despite knowledge
Section 3: Forging treasury or bank notes, obligations
and securities, importing and uttering false or forged
notes and documents
Art. 166: Forging treasury or bank noted on other
documents payable to bearer; importing and uttering
such false or forged notes and documents
Act Punishable:
1. Falsifying, Counterfeiting, Altering an
obligation or security of the United States or
of Philippines
2. Falsifying, Counterfeiting Altering a
circulating note issued by any banking
association duly authorized by law to issue
the same
3. Falsifying or Counterfeiting document issued
by foreign government
4. Forging or Altering a circulating note or bill
issued by a foreign bank authorized therefor
Art. 167: Counterfeiting, Importing and Uttering
instruments not payable to bearer
Elements:
1. Any person, who:
2. Forge, Import, Utter in connivance
3. Instrument is payable to order or other
document of credit not payable to bearer
Art. 168: Illegal Possession and use of false treasury or
bank notes and other instruments of credit
Elements:
1. Any person, who:
2. Knowingly use or in possession, with intent to
use
3. False or Falsified Instruments
Art. 169: How Forgery is committed:
Act Punishable:
1. Giving to a treasury or bank note or any
instrument, payable to bearer or order
mentioned therein, the appearance of a true
and genuine document
2. Erasing, substituting, counterfeiting, or
altering by any means the figures, letters,
words, or signs contained therein
Section 4: Falsification of legislative, public, commercial,
and private documents, and wireless telegraph, and
telephone message
Art. 170: Falsification of Legislative Documents
Elements:
1. Any person
2. Without proper authority
3. Alters any bill, resolution, or ordinance
enacted or approved or pending approval by
either House or any provincial board or
municipal council
Kinds of Documents
1. Public
2. Official
3. Commercial
4. Private
Art. 171: Falsification by Public officer, employee, or
notary or ecclesiastic minister
Act Punishable:
1. Counterfeiting or imitating any handwriting,
signature or rubric
2. Causing to appear that persons have
participated in any act or proceeding when
they did not in fact so participate
3. Attributing o persons who have participated
in an act or proceeding statements other than
those in fact made by them
4. Making untruthful statements in a narration
of facts
5. Altering true dates
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TITLE FOUR: CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC INTEREST
6. Making any alteration or intercalation in a
genuine document which changes its meaning
7. Issuing in an authenticated form a document
purporting to be a copy of an original
document when no such original exist, OR
including in such a copy a statement contrary
to, or different from that of the genuine
original
8. Intercalating any instrument or note relative
to the issuance thereof in a protocol, registry
or official book
Art. 172: Falsification by private individual and use of
falsified documents
Act Punishable:
1. Falsification of public, official, or commercial
document by a private individual
2. Falsification of a private document by any
person
3. Use of falsified document
Art. 173: Falsification of wireless, cable, telegraph and
telephone messages, and use of said falsified messages
Act Punishable:
1. Uttering fictitious wireless, telegraph or
telephone messages
2. Falsifying wireless, telegraph or telephone
messages
3. Using such falsifies messages
Section 5: Falsification of Medical Certificates,
Certificates of Merit, or Services and the like
Art. 174: False medical certificates, false certificates of
merits or service, etc.
Act Punishable:
1. Physician or surgeon in connection with the
practice of his profession
2. Public officer who issues a false certificate of
merit of service, good moral character
3. Private individual who shall falsify such
certificate
Art. 175: Using false certificates
Act Punishable:
1. Any person
2. Knowingly use and of the false certificates
Section 6: Manufacturing, Importing and Possession of
instruments or implements intended for the commission
of falsification
Art. 176: Manufacturing and Possession of instruments
or implements for falsification
Act Punishable:
1. Making or introducing into Philippines
2. Possessing with intent to use instruments or
implements for falsification
Criminal Law
CHAPTER TWO
OTHER FALSITIES
Section 1: Usurpation of authority, rank, title, and
improper use of names, uniforms and insignia
Art. 177: Usurpation of authority or official functions
Act Punishable:
1. Usurpation of Public Authority
2. Usurpation of Official Function
Art. 178: Using fictitious name and concealing true name
Act Punishable:
1. Using fictitious name
a. Any person
b. Using other name publicly
c. Conceal crime, evade execution of
judgment, and damage public interest
2. Concealing true name
a. Any person
b. Conceal his real name and other
personal circumstances
c. Intent to conceal real identity
CA 142 AS AMENDED: ANTI-ALIAS LAW
Art. 179: Illegal Use of uniforms or insignia
Elements:
1. Offender uses insignia, uniform, dress
2. Pertains to an office or class not held by him/
not a member
3. Used publicly and improperly
Section Two: False Testimony
Art. 180: False Testimony against a defendant
Art. 181: False Testimony favorable to the defendants
Art. 182: False Testimony in civil cases
Art. 183: False Testimony in other cases and perjury in
solemn affirmation
Act Punishable:
1. Any person
2. Gives false testimony;
a. Against the defendant
b. In favor of defendant
c. Civil cases
d. Other cases
Perjury under Art 183:
Elements:
1. Accused made a statement under oath OR
executed an affidavit on material matter
2. That it was made before a competent officer
duly authorized to receive or administer oath
3. Accused made willful and deliberate assertion
of falsehood
4. Sworn statement of affidavit is required by
law
Acts Punishable under Perjury
1. Statement under oath
2. Making false affidavit

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 Criminal Law
TITLE FOUR: CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC INTEREST
Art. 184: Offering false testimony in evidence
Elements:
1. Any person
2. Knowingly offers in evidence a false witness
or testimony
3. Judicial or Official proceeding

CHAPTER THREE
FRAUDS

Section 1: Machinations, Monopolies, and Combinations

Art. 185: Machinations in Public Auctions

Act Punishable:
1. Soliciting gift or promise as consideration
from refraining from taking part in any public
auction
2. Attempting to cause bidders to stay away
from an auction by threats, gifts, promises, or
any other artifice

Art. 186: Monopolies and combinations in restraint of

trade
Act Punishable:
1. Combination to prevent free competition in
the market
2. Monopoly to restrain free completion in the
market
3. Manufacturer, producer, or processor or
importer combining, conspiring, or agreeing
with any person to make transactions
prejudicial to lawful commerce or to increase
the market price of merchandise

Section 2: Frauds in commerce and industry

Art. 187: Importation and Disposition of Falsely Marked

Articles or Merchandise made of gold, silver, or other
precious metals or their alloys
Elements:
1. Any person
2. Imports, sells, or dispose, any article or
merchandise made of gold, silver, or other
precious metals, or alloys
3. Stamps, brands, or marks of those
merchandise failed to indicate the actual
fineness or quality of said metal or alloys
4. Offender knew the stamp, brand, or mark
failed to indicate actual fineness or quality

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