Team A

Road Safety Audit Report Group
15-day certification course on
“Road Safety Audit and other Road

Safety related aspects”
April 29th to 13th, 2019
ROAD SAFETY AUDIT REPORT FOR

GROUP “A”
Submitted by: Vatsal Upadhyay
13 MAY 2019
Group A, Members
1) Mr. Pramod Joshi
2) Mr. Vatsal Upadhyay
3) Mr. Eaga Kiran Kumar
4) Mr. Sunil Dake
Group- A 5) Ms. Cherry
Mentor: Dr. Subhash Chand
6) Mr. Vikram Tushir
7) Mr. Shakti Singh
8) Mr. Abhay Dahiya
9) Mr. Mohd. Shahjhan
December 2018 i CENTRAL ROAD RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Road Safety Audit Certificate Course on “Road Safety Audit and Other Road Safety
Report Related Aspects
(Picture: Accident witnessed on Noida Expressway near Mahamaya Interchange dated 4 th May 2019)
Road Safety Audit Report – May 2019
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ROAD SAFETY AUDIT REPORT
1. DESIGN STAGE AUDIT (Sambalpur Rourkela Section of SH10)
2. CONSTRUCTION STAGE AUDIT (Bhairon Marg (A tunnel underneath Pragati

Maidan and underground U-turns) Part of a Integrated Transit Corridor
3. O&M EXISTING URBAN EXPRESSWAY (Noida Greater Noida Expressway)
4. O&M EXISTING INTERCHANGE AUDIT (Mahamaya Interchange: Noida

Expressway)
5. O&M EXISTING INTER URBAN EXPRESSWAY AUDIT (Yamuna Expressway)
6. O&M EXISTING ROAD AUDIT (NH2 Ashram to CRRI)
7. O&M EXISTING ROAD NIGHT TIME AUDIT (CRRI to Okhla Tank Section of NH2)
REPORT PREPARED BY
TEAM A:
• Mr. Eaga Kiran Kumar
• Mr. Pramod Joshi
• Mr. Vatsal Upadhyay
• Mr. Sunil Dake
• Ms. Cherry
• Mr. Vikram Tushir
• Mr. Shakti Singh
• Mr. Abhay Dahiya
• Mr. Mohd. Shahjhan
MENTORED BY
Dr. Subhash Chand
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Team A would like to extend its sincere thanks to our mentor

Dr. Subhash Chand, Principal Scientist Transportation
Planning Division CRRI for his valuable guidance at all stages
of training. We owe deep sense of gratitude to Dr. S
Velumurugan, Senior Principal Scientist Transportation
Planning Division, CRRI and Dr. Kayitha Ravinder, Principal
Scientist Transportation Planning Division CRRI all the other
scientists associated with the training for their constructive
suggestions during the presentation of road safety audit of
various stages. Mr. S. Kanan needs special appreciation for his
management during the organization of the training.
We also thank the Director and all the staff of CRRI for their
help and co-operation throughout the course.
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Table of Contents
REPORT PREPARED BY ................................................................................................................. 3

MENTORED BY ................................................................................................................................ 3
TABLE OF CONTENTS ....................................................................................................................... 2
DESIGN STAGE AUDIT ....................................................................................................................... 4
CONSTRUCTION STAGE AUDIT ....................................................................................................... 2
1.1 GENERAL ............................................................................................................................... 2
1.2 AUDIT METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................ 2
1.3 AUDIT CONSTRAINTS .............................................................................................................. 2
1.4 STAGE 4 AUDIT (DURING CONSTRUCTION STAGE) .................................................................... 3
1.5 STEPS INVOLVED IN STAGE 4 AUDITS ....................................................................................... 3
1.6 CHECKLISTS ........................................................................................................................... 4
1.7 REQUISITE FOR CONSTRUCTION STAGE ROAD SAFETY AUDIT ................................................... 4
1.8 ELEMENTS OF TRAFFIC CONTROL ZONE................................................................................... 5
1.9 PROJECT BACKGROUND .................................................................................................. 7
1.10 OBSERVATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ON SPECIFIC SAFETY ISSUES .................................... 1
1.10.1 Issue: Lack of Construction Zone Warnings ............................................................1
1.10.2 Issue: Lack of Construction Zone Warnings ............................................................1
1.10.3 Issue: Construction Site Safety ................................................................................2
1.10.4 Issue: Encroachment and Parking ...........................................................................3
1.10.5 Issue: Inadequate Lateral Buffer ..............................................................................1
1.10.6 Issue: Lack of proper demarcated transition zone ...................................................1
1.10.7 Issue: Construction Equipment Maintenance ..........................................................1
1.10.8 Issue: Lack of median opening Treatment...............................................................2
1.10.9 Issue: General observations ....................................................................................2
1.11 ACTION PLAN ...................................................................................................................... 3
O&M EXISTING URBAN EXPRESSWAY (NOIDA GREATER NOIDA EXPRESSWAY) .................. 8
TABLE OF CONTENTS ....................................................................................................................... 8
2. OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE AUDIT STAGE AUDIT .............................................. 2
2.1 GENERAL ............................................................................................................................... 2
2.4 STAGE 6 AUDIT (OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE STAGE) ......................................................... 3
2.6 CHECKLISTS ........................................................................................................................... 5
O & M NOIDA-G NOIDA ...................................................................................................................... 5
PROJECT BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................. 5
3.1.1 Issues: Exit/Entry .....................................................................................................1
3.1.2 AUDIT FINDINGS – Issues: Signage ......................................................................1
3.1.3 W- BEAM CRASH BARRIERS ................................................................................2
3.1.4 AUDIT FINDINGS – Issues: Roadside Hazards ......................................................3
3.1.5 Hoardings on Mahamaya Flyover ............................................................................1
3.1.6 AUDIT FINDINGS – Issues: Roadside Hazards ......................................................1
3.1.7 AUDIT FINDINGS – Issues: Plantation ...................................................................1
4.1.1 Other observation ....................................................................................................1
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4.2 ACTION PLAN ...................................................................................................................... 2
O & M MAHAMAYA INTERCHANGE.................................................................................................. 7
6.1 GENERAL ............................................................................................................................... 7
6.5 STEPS INVOLVED IN STAGE 6 AUDITS ..................................................................................... 10
6.6 CHECKLISTS ......................................................................................................................... 11
6.7 PROJECT BACKGROUND ................................................................................................ 11
6.8.1 Issues: Issue on exit ramp .......................................................................................1
6.8.2 AUDIT FINDINGS – Issues: Signage ......................................................................1
6.8.3 AUDIT FINDINGS – Conflict of traffic between service road exit/entry ...................2
7.1.1 AUDIT FINDINGS – Bad Road Features (Pavement and Drainage) ......................3
8.1.1 AUDIT FINDINGS – Non Visible Signs, Trees in median and edge .......................1
8.1.2 AUDIT FINDINGS – Exit from Main Carriageway -Unsafe junction ........................1
9.1.1 General observations ...............................................................................................2
9.2 ACTION PLAN ...................................................................................................................... 2
O & M EXISTING ROAD ...................................................................................................................... 1
11.1 GENERAL ............................................................................................................................... 1
11.6 CHECKLISTS ........................................................................................................................... 5
11.7 PROJECT BACKGROUND .................................................................................................. 5
11.8.1 AUDIT FINDINGS – Non Visible Signs, Trees in median. .......................................1
11.8.2 AUDIT FINDINGS – Improper Facilities for Pedestrian ...........................................1
11.8.3 AUDIT FINDINGS – Bad Road Features (Footpath/Sidewalk) ...............................2
12.1.1 AUDIT FINDINGS – Bad Road Features (Pavement and Drainage) ......................3
13.1.1 AUDIT FINDINGS – Non Visible Signs, Trees in median and edge .......................1
14.1.1 AUDIT FINDINGS – Contraflow, wrong use of busbay, abandoned gantry ............1
15.1.1 AUDIT FINDINGS – Bad Road Features and Furniture ..........................................1
16.1.1 Other observation ....................................................................................................2
17.2 ACTION PLAN ...................................................................................................................... 3
NIGHT AUDIT ....................................................................................................................................... 4
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DESIGN STAGE AUDIT

DESIGN STAGE AUDIT (Sambalpur Rourkela
Section of SH10)
1 ROAD SAFETY REVIEW/AUDIT REPORT

1.1 INTRODUCTION
A design stage practical training safety audit has been carried out in office for Road Safety
Auditors Certification Course. The safety audit has been carried for some length of Four
laning with paved shoulder of Sambalpur-Rourkela Section of SH 10 in the state of Odisha to
be executed as BOT (Toll) project on DBFOT pattern.
1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THIS REPORT

The main aim of this report is to find out road safety performance of design of road and
probability of chances of accident locations. Proposes improvement options in order to ensure
the safe and efficient design solution to the project corridor. Drawings are reviewed and
safety measures of the corridor are conducted as per the prevailing best practices. The road
safety deficiencies and behavioural safety issues are identified, and accordingly
countermeasures are recommended. The objective of the exercise focuses on minimizing road
accidents and their severity with the improved Level of Service (LoS).
1.3 PROJECT BRIEF

The Sambalpur-Rourkela Section of SH 10 in Odisha state has been proposed to be upgraded
for 2 lanes to 4 lanes. The project starts at chainage km 4+900 at Sambalpur city and ends at
chainage km 167+900 at Raurkela city. The map of the corridor is given as below. Audit was
conducted on 04/05/2019.
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Map of the project corridor
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The salient features of the project are given in following table:

Table 1.1: Salient features of the project
Sr. No Description Details
Four laning with paved shoulder of Sambalpur-
1 Name of the project corridor:
Rourkela
2 Chainage: Km 004+900 to Km 167+900
3 Category of road: SH 10
4 State: Odisha
5 Length of section: 163 km
6 Existing Configuration: 2 lane + paved shoulder
7 Type of existing pavement: Flexible
8 Development mode : DBFOT
9 Terrain : Plain and rolling
4- Lane Divided Highway with paved shoulder (2 x
10 Proposed Configuration:
7 m + 1.5 m)
11 Median 2 to 5 (varies)
12 Width of proposed service road 5.5 m
Sr. No Chainage Type of Junction
4 Nos1 47+371 T-Junction
2 53+164 Four Arm Junction
3 79+067 T-Junction
13 Nos of Major junctions:
4 82+438 Rotary
14 Nos (between km 44+000 to km 52+000)

Sr. No Chainage
1 43+090
2 43+590
3 43+800
4 44+200
5 44+770
6 45+320
14 Nos of Minor junctions: 7 45+550
8 46+300
9 47+050
10 47+430
11 48+500
12 49+650
13 50+810
14 51+320
12 structures (between km 79+000 to km 84+000)
x Flyover-01,
x Minor bridges : 02,
15 No of structures :
x Vehicle under pass: 01,
x Slab culverts : 10,
16 No of Bus stops : x3 nos
pipe culverts: 04
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Sr. No Description Details

x km 43+800,
x km 47+100,
x km 47+500 (between km 44+000 to km 52+000)
17 Type of proposed pavement: Flexible
1.4 AUDIT TEAM

The audit was Dr. Subhash Chand. The name of the members of this group is given as
below:
1. Mr. Pramod Joshi
2. Mr. Vatsal Upadhyay
3. Mr. Sunil Savaleram Dake
4. Mr. Eaga Kiran Kumar
5. Ms. Cherry
6. Mr. Vikram Tushir
7. Mr. Shakti Singh
8. Mr. Abhay Dahiya
9. Mr. Mohd. Shahjhan
1.5 AUDIT STAGE

The road safety audit has been module is executed to assess the design condition with respect
to geometrics and safety of operating traffic. The safety auditor team has not visited the site
as the safety audit has been carried as practical training for Road Safety Auditors
Certification Course. The following drawings are reviewed:
(1) Cross sections : 1A to 12
(2) Horizontal and vertical alignments : km 78+000 to km 83+000
(3) Signage plan : km 78+000 to km 83+000
(4) Major junction drawings : 4 nos
(5) Typical drawings (Truck layby, Minor junction)
The details not provided with drawing folder are as follows:

(1) Traffic Volumes, Built-up area details
(2) Hydraulic study and drainage plan
(3) Any known safety issues
1.6 REPOR STRUCTURE

The findings of the report are presented in the following form.
Each situation under these categories will be presented in the following formats:
Observation : Problem Observed

Reasons for Concern : The safety concerns have been mentioned
supported with pictures extracted from the drawings to
support the gravity of issue
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Recommendations : The Audit recommends road safety engineering

measures for the observed problem
2 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

This chapter discusses the broad findings of the audit that needs due attention to abate
accidents on the project corridor. Road Safety Audit is conducted by reviewing the drawings
provided. The audit addresses identification of specific issues related to safety on the project
corridor. The priority attention and implementation of such issues are also given in this
chapter.
Objective:-
➢ Minimise the risk and severity of crashes;
➢ Minimise the risk of crashes occurring on adjacent roads as a result of operation
and maintenance.
➢ Identify the importance of safety in Highway to meet the needs and perceptions
of all types of road users and to achieve a balanced safety solution;
➢ Reduce the long term cost of the scheme, bearing in mind overall cost effective
safety solutions.
The Process:
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2.1 Road Cross Sections and Drawings provided.
Cross Section 2B
Cross Section 10 B & 11 C
Cross Section 12A
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Super elevation Drawing
Cross Section Type-5
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Minor Junction Drawings
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Truck Lay by Drawings
Road Singes drawings
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Junction Drawings
Junction Drawings
Junction Drawings
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2.2 Road Check List

STAGE 3 AUDIT (COMPLETION OF DETAILED DESIGN) – Check Lists
1) Have all recommendations from the previous stage been followed? If not,
reasons thereof? – No report was available.
2) Visibility, sight distance
a) Are horizontal and vertical alignments consistent with the
required visibility requirements? – Where-ever the design
requirements are not met, observations are provided with
b) Confirm whether the standard adopted for provision of visibility in
the design is appropriate for the ruling design speed and for any
unusual traffic mix. Where-ever the design requirements are not
met, observations are provided with
c) Check whether sight lines are

obstructed by: Safety
fences
Boundary fences
Bridge abutments
NO
d) Check whether railway crossings, bridges and other hazards are
conspicuous. NO
e) Will sight lines to be obstructed by temporary features such as
parked vehicles
in lay-byes or parked or queued traffic has been taken care of? NO
3) Check whether the design standards are appropriate for all the new
requirements of the proposed project and check for consistency of general
standards and guidelines such as lane widths, camber and cross-fall.
Where-ever the design requirements are not met, observations are
provided with
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4) Cross-sections:
a) Are cross-falls appropriate? YES
b) Is there a suitable gutter gradient or is the carriageway laid at a
suitable height above the shoulder? YES
5) Lighting columns, traffic signals, sign standards, etc:
a) Have requirements on safe distances to carriageway and cycle
path been observed?
Cycle paths not provided
b) Have breakaway safety devices or such like been proposed? Yes
6) Signs and markings:
a) Are markings consistent along the entire road section?
b) Is the information clear?
c) Are there enough signs?
d) Are there too many signs?
e) Will signs mask each other or traffic signals (be sure to include
all plans for signs and markings in your assessment)?
f) Are the signs correctly positioned, without obstructing sight
distances/visibility in anyway?
provided with
7) Are the proposed types of kerb stone/edge marking appropriate? Yes

8) Lighting:
a) Is there any risk that the lighting can be optically misleading and
will it have any detrimental effects on traffic signals and signs?
b) Are there any unlit areas that could conceal hazards?
c) Will an illuminated side road mislead road users on the planned,
unlit road?
d) Are all pedestrian crossings illuminated (not merely the formally
marked crossings, but also unmarked places where pedestrians
could be expected to cross)?
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e) Will powerful illumination of adjoining areas or strongly

illuminated advertisements cause problems?
provided with
9) Junctions, interchanges and their design:

a) Will road users coming from all directions (including side roads) be
able to see that they are approaching a conflict area? Are give-
way lines, stop lines, turning lanes and ramps clearly visible?
b) Are existing conjoining and intersecting roads appropriately
adjusted and matched to the new road (without sharp bends and
gradients)?
c) Do the routes of road users through the junction seem clear for all
directions and manoeuvres?
d) Is there sufficient space for all types of vehicles to undertake all
manoeuvres?
e) Are the crossing facilities for pedestrians and non-motorised

traffic adequate and safe?
f) Can parking cause problems?
g) Have roundabouts been considered?
provided with
In urban areas, ghost markings and left-turning lanes with islands are safest; they
prevent overtaking and assist pedestrians and cyclists who are crossing the road.
10) Decide whether or not old, unremoved section of road can give
undesired optical directions. Not applicable
11) Special points at roundabouts:
a) Are all entrance lanes curved and is speed adequately reduced?
b) Will the central island be visible?
b) Are the measures taken for the benefit of pedestrians from safe
stopping distance and cycle traffic adequate?
provided with
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12) At the junction/transition to existing roads (especially from multi-lane to

two-lane, dual to single carriageway):
a) Are there sudden changes of alignment?
b) Does the road standard change too rapidly, or can road users
clearly see and recognise the in good time?
c) Would a roundabout be able to mitigate any sudden changes in
standards and alignment?
provided with
13) Are existing junctions and intersections adjusted and matched to the
new road appropriately (without sharp bends and gradients)?
provided with
14) Guardrails, hedges and railings:
a) Are all vulnerable areas protected?
b) Are bridge pillars, steel posts, trees etc., protected by
guardrails where necessary?
c) Are there places where hedges are necessary to prevent
pedestrians from crossing?
d) Are the chosen hedges/guardrails ..light.. enough?
d) Do guardrails/road side furniture have any hazardous sharp protruding
edges?
provided with
15) Road surface:
a) Has a porous type of surface been chosen? Yes
b) Will an exceptionally high-friction surface be necessary in especially
exposed places? No
c) Would a change of surface as a purely visual signal to road
users be of benefit? Used in this way, could a change of surface be
misunderstood by road users? NO
16) At junction/transition to existing road network (especially from multi-lane
to two-lane, end of central reserve)
a) Is there sufficient advance warning?
b) Are reflector posts correctly positioned?
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c) Are ghost markings appropriate in connection with the merging of

two lanes?
e) Is there continuity of edge markings?
provided with
17) For two-lane sections prepared for expansion to four lanes with
central reserve
(e.g. expressways built as ..semi-motorways..)
a) Will road users be clear everywhere that they are not on a one-
way, two-lane carriageway?
b) Should night illumination of signs be of extra high standard?
c) Is overtaking prevented at all points where prevention is necessary?
d) Should special measures be adopted at bridges built with a
view to future expansion?
Not Applicable
18) Examine adjoining areas for potential safety problems (airfield, signals
for maritime traffic and railways, flying golf balls etc.)
Not Applicable
19) Additional temporary signs will be necessary for most new

constructions. In this context consider:
a) Is the text, etc.
comprehensible and correct?
b) Have all signs etc., been
positioned safely?
c) When will they be removed?
provided with
20) Landscaping:
a) Is there advertising conflict between landscaping and visibility
requirements?
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Has ultimate growth height been considered and potential

obstructions to pedestrian visibility and potential for trees to
become collision objects?
b) Will maintenance of soft landscaping be safe?
Not Ample details are provided with detailed design and drawings.
21) Plantations:
a) Will plantations obscure visibility and has a maximum height been
specified?
b) Are plantations likely to encroach on markings or lighting?
d) Can maintenance be carried out safely?
provided with
22) Lay byes:

a) Are there any lay-byes available in the section?
b) Is the by bye properly located and it is not inconvenient to the
drivers to stop the vehicles?
c) Is there any need to modify the lay-bye design (if yes, suggest the
parameters that need modification)?
d) Are advance warning signs and markings properly guiding the
driver about the lay-bye?
f) Is there any need of any additional signs and markings?
provided with
23) Check provision for pedestrians to cross safely at intersections,

signalised and pedestrian crossings, refuges, kerb extensions and at other
locations.
provided with
24) Are median barriers necessary and have they been properly detailed? Are
there any design features such as end conditions which require special
attention? Where-ever the design requirements are not met, observations
are provided with
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25) Are there any poles located adjacent to moving traffic which could be sited
elsewhere? No details available in detailed design and drawings
26) Have frangible or breakaway poles been detailed? Yes
27) Is the unprotected median width adequate to accommodate lighting poles? Yes
28) Are there any obstructions, which are likely to create a safety hazard and
can they be mitigated or relocated?
provided with
29) Is a crash barrier provided wherever necessary and is it properly detailed?

provided with
30) Check whether access to structures and road furniture is safe. Check that
the road or utilities in the road reserve can be maintained safely. Both
road users and maintenance personnel should be considered.
provided with
31) Check that the requirements for the traffic management of the
construction site and safety measures needed for workers and road users
have been adequately spelled out from the safety point of view
including the transition from the existing arrangements to the
construction site and from the construction site to the final layout can be
effected safely.
Traffic management plan needs to be submitted.
32) Check for the arrangement for temporary and permanent traffic
control devices, including possible signals, temporary diversion etc.
Traffic management plan needs to be submitted.
33) Check that the design duly considers the needs of persons with disabilities.
Special facility for persons with disabilities are not provided.
34) Other checks made at discretion of auditor or client
No special requirements are considered.
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2.3 AUDIT OBSERVATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS WITH

PRIORITY
Sr. Drawing Particular Observation Recommendation Priority
No No
1. Road Cross Sections

1 TCS – Cross 1. Kerb Shyness 1. The cross HIgh
2B Sectional should be section may be
Elements considered as modified.
per IRC SP 84 2. The provision of
( i.e. 0.50m). recoverable
2. Recoverable slope may be
slope is not provided. Where,
available . there is issue
3. Absence of regarding ROW
median safety safety barriers
barrier. may be provided.
4. Median 3. The suitable
plantation in safety barrier
the median may be provided.
opening area. 4. The median
plantation may
be modified in
the place of
median opening
to provide proper
visibility.
2 TCS – Cross 1. Kerb Shyness 1. The cross HIgh
6A Sectional should be section may be
per IRC SP 84 2. The cross
( i.e. 0.50m). section may be
2. The cross modified.
section of 3. The cross
structure does section may be
not carry 2.0m modified.
paved shoulder 4. Suitable barrier
as per Fig 7.1B arrangement at
, IRC SP 84 the edge of
3. Width of service road may
service road is be provided.
insufficient as 5. The provision of
per fig. 2.5 IRC pedestrian railing
SP 84. may be provided.
4. Suitable barrier
arrangement at
the edge of
service road is
absent
5. Provision of
pedestrian
guard railing is
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not present.
3 TCS- Cross 1. Kerb Shyness 1. The cross HIgh

10A Sectional should be section may be
per IRC SP 84 2. The cross
( i.e. 0.50m). section may be
2. The cross modified.
section of 3. The cross
structure does section may be
not carry 2.0m modified.
paved shoulder 4. Suitable barrier
as per Fig 7.1B arrangement at
, IRC SP 84 the edge of
3. Width of service road may
service road is be provided.
insufficient as 5. The provision of
per fig. 2.5 IRC pedestrian railing
SP 84. may be
4. Suitable barrier considered.
arrangement at
the edge of
service road is
absent
5. Provision of
pedestrian
guard railing is
not present.
4 TCS-11A Cross 1. Kerb Shyness 1. The cross HIgh

Sectional should be section may be
per IRC SP 84 2. The provision of
( i.e. 0.50m). recoverable
2. Recoverable slope may be
slope is not provided. Where,
available . there is issue
3. Absence of regarding ROW
median safety safety barriers
barrier. may be provided.
4. Median 3. The suitable
plantation in safety barrier
the median may be provided.
opening area. 4. The median
5. Absence of plantation may
pedestrian be modified in
railing the place of
median opening
to provide proper
visibility.
5. The provision of
pedestrian railing
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may be
considered.
2. Road Geometrics
1 78+400 LS Small 30 m Transition curve Medium
transition length is should have been
provided in avoided by providing
between 2 valley single valley curve of
curves of length 580m.
300 m and 250m
2 79+000 Curve Flyover is located If land acquisition is Medium

on horizontal curve possible it should be
avoided
3 79+730 Transition Small transition The transition length Medium

Length length 43m is should be 75m
provided between
summit and valley
curve
4 80+220 Transition Small transition The transition length Medium

Length length 25.78m is should be 85m
provided between
summit and valley
curve
5 78+500 Service High chance of Provide acceleration Essential

Road side-swipe collision lane tapering as per
of vehicles standards
entering the MCW
from service road
6 79+220 Vertical The alignment will Horizontal curve Desirable

Curve appear to be should be longer
disjointed to road than vertical curve
users creating
safety issue
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7 79+480 Vertical This may result in Give minimum of Desirable

Gradient hydroplaning 0.3% gradient for
during monsoons effective drainage
resulting in
skidding of
vehicles
8 HIP No ISD/SSD The ISD / SSD is Land acquisition and MEdium

80/1 km checked for curve widening may
79+006 horizontal be considered.
curvature and Alternatively, Speed
found to be limit of 60kmph may
inadequate and be imposed within
falling beyond this section.
proposed ROW.
Available sight
distance is about
150m which
corresponds to
60kmph design
speed
9 79+596 Curve Deflection angle is The length shall be Low

0.956 degree increased to the
which is less than minimum of 271m as
5 degree, the per clause 9.1.5 of
minimum curve IRC 73
length required is
271m while
provided is 150m.
The small
deflection angle
gives appearance
of kink.
10 78+987 Vertical The vertical curve This needs to be re- MEdium

Curve length for left designed for ISD.
carriageway is Length required for
designed for SSD ISD is 743m
(405m).
At higher speed
this may create
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potential accident
zone due to less
reaction time.
11 78+500 Exit The deceleration The exit taper layout High

arrangement length provided is at km 78+500 shall
approx. 80m with be in accordance
direct taper. It can with Fig 2.1C of IRC
cause side swipe : SP: 84 with taper
type and rear end and auxiliary lane.
collisions due to
last minute
maneuver of
exiting vehicle from
speeding through
traffic.
Errant vehicle may

hit the parapet of
approach road to
flyover
12 79+650 Minor Road Turning vehicles Provide sufficient Highly

are not provided deceleration lane Desirable
with deceleration
lane (Depending Traffic Calming
on traffic volume) measures are
recommended for
Minor Road
3. Road Signs & Junctions

1 79+067 Road Existing Keep left keep left Sign to be Highly
Junction sign is replaced with side Essential
SIgn inappropriate on a road merging sign
through traffic
movement instead
regulatory sign is
required
2 79+067 Road Traffic coming from Traffic calming Highly

Junction Sundergarh village measures like Essential
has higher speeds advance signage
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SIgn before entering the and speed hump for

main carriageway side road
and errant vehicle approaching junction
may hit the to be provided
diverging island.
3 79+067 Road Object marker at Object marker Highly

Junction diverging gore should be replaced Essential
SIgn area has been with pass either side
given instead signage
regulatory sign has
to be placed to
diverging or
guiding the traffic
4 79+067 Road The traffic exiting Speed calming Highly

Junction from Sambalpur is measure like Essential
SIgn on high speed Transverse bar
supplemented by marking and
the straight Advance speed
geometry. This reduction signage
may create conflict has to be provided
of traffic and may
cause Side swipe
type collision.
5 79+067 Road Stop road marking Stop and go signage Highly

Junction has been given has to be given Essential
SIgn but Sign board has
to given as an
additional safety
measure for side
road traffic
entering Main CW
6 79+067 Road Existing U Turn U turn sign has to be Highly

Junction sign is provided shifted to median Essential
SIgn on shoulder side edge at a distance
and it is 50 m from the
inappropriate >100 intersection.
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m distance
7 79+067 Road Regulatory sign to Traffic entering from Highly

Junction the traffic coming Main road (Rourkela Essential
SIgn from Rourkela ) has to be guided
towards with Compulsory
Sundergarh is keep left signage
missing, which
should avoid
contra flow.
8 79+067 Road Any errant vehicle Crash attenuator Highly

Junction from the fast should be provided Essential
SIgn moving traffic from at gore area at
Sambalpur may hit diverging island.
the diverging
island at
Sundergarh
village. It may lead
to major accident.
9 79+067 Road At Km 79+300 Flag Flag Direction sign Highly

Junction Direction sign shall be corrected Essential
SIgn proposed is showing towards
indicating wrong right and
direction. This will Sundurgrah Village
mislead the road also direction
user indicated in the Sign
10 79+067 Road At Km 79+260 Y Sign shall be Highly

Junction ‘Y’Sign is proposed replaced with T Essential
SIgn while the junction (Side Road Right)
is T type. This will Sign
mislead the road
user
11 79+067 Signage wrong direction provide correct Highly

Plan sign will confuse orientation s Essential
the driver which
may lead to
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accident at junction
area
12 79+067 Signage absence of provide advance Highly

Plan advance direction direction sign Essential
sign can create
confusion in the
drivers mind which
may effect his
maneuverability
13 79+190 MCB The earthworks fall Land acquisition Highly

to km beyond proposed may be initiated else Essential
79+300 ROW. Additional safety barrier shall
land will be be installed if
required to be toe/retaining wall is
acquired or provided.
suitable retaining
measures are
required to contain
the earthworks
within ROW. If
retaining measures
like toe/retaining
wall are proposed,
this will create a
potential safety
hazard for errant
vehicle falling over
the toe/retaining
wall
14 80+050 MCB Embankment Safety barrier shall Highly

to height is more than be provided. Essential
80+550 3m and slope
1V:2H. Undrivable
side slope causes
potential safety
hazard for errant
vehicle trying to
recover.
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15 82+000 MCB Embankment Safety barrier shall Highly

to height is more than be provided. Essential
82+100 3m and slope
1V:2H. Undrivable
side slope causes
potential safety
hazard for errant
vehicle trying to
recover.
16 General Lighting Lighting Lighting Highly

Arrangement Arrangement Plan Arrangement may be Essential
is absent provided in urban
area.
17 General Bus layby Bus layby is Bus layby may be Highly

absent provided Essential
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3 GENERAL RECOMMENDATONS FOR DESIGN

Other than above chapters recommendations following are the general recommendations to be
adopted for the design.
x Traffic signs need to be provided as per IRC: 67 to improve the safety operations
during day and night.
x Road marking need to be provided as per IRC: 35 to improve the safety operations
during day and night.
x Parapets of all the culverts need to be delineated with appropriate object marker.
x Trees needs to be delineated with
appropriate object marker and shielded
with crash barriers
x To ensure speed limit observations near
habitations, standard
transverse bar marking needs to be
provided at 100 m interval as a traffic
calming measure with white paint and
warned with signs.
x All the junctions and intersections needs to be designed with suitable channelisers and
refuse islands. The intersections in the habitations need to properly be controlled with
signals and guided by traffic markings.
x Specially identified stops for IPT modes need to be proposed. Informatory signs need to be
posted to indicate these stops.
x Speed calming measures could be adopted near the schools and educational institute.
Warning signs of pedestrian activities needs to be posted at interval of 100 m on
either side. Zebra crossing need to be posted. Footpath need to be provided near the school
with pedestrian guard rail for physical separation of main carriage way traffic and school
children's. Zebra crossing need to be provide for crossing the road / foot over bridge need
to be provide. Also proposed to be adopted the following speed zone concepts.
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Construction Stage Audit

1.1 General
A site visit was made by Group ‘A’ members with our mentor (Dr. Subhash Chand) to
conduct Construction Stage Road Safety Audit of Bhairon Marg (A tunnel underneath
Pragati Maidan and underground U-turns) - an Integrated Transit Corridor on 4th May 2019
at 12.30 PM.
Figure 0-1: Construction Stage Road Safety Audit of Bhairon Marg
1.2 Audit Methodology

The objective of the Safety Audit was to identify potential hazards during the Construction
Stage of road projects by experienced road safety specialists and to evolve possible
remedial measures to improve road safety, with special emphasis on vulnerable road user
group. Drivers’ behavior significantly changes as they traverse from construction to non –
construction zones of the project highway. Safety Consultant will inspect the Project
Highway keeping into consideration the construction planning for the project and then
identify the safety implications of the construction planning. The focus of primary
observations was combined on road safety and measures taken for the safety of road
users, work zones, protection of workers and pedestrians.
1.3 Audit Constraints

Because of non-availability of Previous stage road safety audit reports, Contract Agreement
and conditions, Documentation regarding education and training programme for site
operators, Traffic Management Plan Audit is purely based on site visit.
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1.4 Stage 4 Audit (During Construction Stage)

Construction zone is that area of the road which is affected by the works and which affects
traffic flow and safety of workers and road users. In urban areas, the problems are acute as
diversions may have to be over adjacent road street of the road network as well as the
sharing of road space by different categories of road users. Traffic control zone can be
divided into three major components i.e.. Advance Warning Zone, Transition Zone and
Work Zone.
Manual on Traffic Management at Construction Zones is published by the Indian Roads

Congress as IRC:SP:55-2014 should be referred to. Steps involved in Stage 4 Audit are
given below
➢ Examination of Terminal Transition Zone, Work Zone, Approach Transition
Zone and Advance Warning Zone with respect to safety point of view.
➢ Examination of safety measures adopted for workmen and road users.
➢ Examination of traffic control devices adopted at construction zone.
These steps are represented as below:
Figure 0-2: Flow chart - Construction Stage Road Safety Audit (IRC: SP: 88-2010)
1.5 Steps involved in Stage 4 Audits

Motorists need to know about safe driving requirements in construction zones. Major
problems in work zones are attentiveness and speed. It is necessary to help the drivers to
be more attentive by using signages, rumble strips and anything that brings alertness and
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gets them to realize that there is something different about this stretch of road and there
would be lower speed limits in the work zones.
Work zone safety measures should be aggressive and comprehensive. It should include
public service announcements, safety training for workers in work zones, lower speed limits
in work zones, rumble strips and other speed reducing measures, proper signages, flagman
to control and guide traffic, stepped-up enforcement.
1.6 Checklists
Checklists are useful to assist the audit team. These checklists describe the performance
and situations that can affect the road safety. Checklists have been prepared for this Stage
– Audit, as per IRC: SP: 88-2010. The checklist is used as a guide to focus audit towards
important matters that should be covered and not overlooked. Each project is different and
will raise specific issues that may contain further safety implications. When reviewing each
of the points, the team considered that the road user would have to cope with conditions
during night / adverse weather conditions.
1.7 Requisite for Construction Stage Road Safety Audit

The road construction and maintenance activities are the integral part of road network
development particularly for developing and transitional economies. The construction stage
represents the stage in which the highway project is actually built in the field while the work
zone presents to highway users. The road work zones are areas of conflict between normal
operating traffic, construction workers, road building machineries and construction traffic. If it
is a construction of new road, normal operating traffic will not be there but the care has to be
taken to avoid and or remove conflicts between workers and construction machineries and
construction traffic. Problem becomes more serious if it is an urban road with significant
proportion of vulnerable road users. Work zone accidents are caused by several factors such
as frequently changing environment that occurs during road work whereby the driver is often
surprised, insufficient warning signs for normal and construction traffic, lack of audible
warning to workers and, inadequate provisions of safety devices to protect workers. At most
work zones, normal traffic is plying very close from construction events. Major factors to work
zone accidents are insufficient attention, going over speedy for the predominant situations,
and following too close. An ideal way to reduce work zone accidents is to create a working
area that does not influence the normal traffic flow by segregating and shielding the site.
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The decisions made during the planning, preliminary engineering, and design stages are
implemented at this stage. During construction, the focus is on implementing the traffic
control plan, managing the construction project, facilitating safety for motorists and workers,
maintaining traffic flow through the work zone area. At the construction stage road safety
audit should address three unique features of an active work zone: temporary work zone
elements, continuously changing work zone conditions, and closely engaged project
participating parties.
A work zone is an area of a highway where road user working conditions are changed
because of construction activities. The construction and maintenance activities would involve
movements of workers and construction equipment requiring devoted space for execution
the activities. The presence of regular traffic and works traffic makes the work zone a
potential zone of conflict resulting in interference to normal traffic and hazards. A work zone
is typically distinguished by the presence of signs, barriers, channelizing devices, pavement
markings.
1.8 Elements of Traffic Control Zone

The Elements of Temporary Traffic control zones are as mentioned in IRC SP 55 2014 are
follows-
1. Advance warning zone
2. Approach Transition zone
3. Activity zone
4. Terminal transition zone
5. Work end zone
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Figure 0-3: Elements of Traffic Control Zone
Figure 0-4: Elements of Traffic Control Zone
Advance warning zone- The "Advance Warning Zone" is the area to warn the road user of
the approaching hazard and to prepare them for the change in driving conditions. Also in this
zone the speed of vehicle shall be reduced. The information of hazard is ahead will be given
in this zone by erecting the signs such as men at work, go slow, speed limit etc.
Approach Transition zone- The transition zone is that section of highway where road users
are redirected from their normal path, where the regular traffic is guided to deviate from their
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normal path of travel through this zone. Lateral shifting of moving vehicle from the normal
pathway can be achieved by strategic use of tapers or with circular curves.
Activity zone- The activity zone is the section of the highway where the construction activity
takes place. It comprises the work space, the traffic space, and the buffer space.
Terminal transition zone- In the terminal transition zone, the traffic will be redirected from
the deviated path to their normal path through the transition zone, which also can be
achieved through tapering or through circular curves.
Work zone end- The work zone end length shall extend from the end of terminal taper
length to the last traffic control device such as sign showing the end of road work. An end
road work sign, a speed limit sign, or other signs may be used to inform road users that they
can resume normal operations.
1.9 PROJECT BACKGROUND

Bhairon Marg (A tunnel underneath Pragati Maidan and underground U-turns) - an
Integrated Transit Corridor.
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Figure 0-5: Activity Area
The redevelopment of the project area is justified based on the following study observations
➢ Rapid increase in development to the East of the Yamuna River. Its population growth
rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 26.78%.
➢ 70%-65% traffic depending on time of day are through traffic passing through the roads
in periphery of ITPO.
➢ Frequent bottle neck on ring road Mathura road and Bhairon Marg.
➢ The interactions and developments of adjoining Counter magnets (Ghaziabad,

NOIDA and NCR Region) will demand more trips via Ring Road, Bhairon Marg,
Mathura Road and Chexagon
➢ Delhi - Meerut expressway 8 lane road constructions is in progress, it is estimated that

the traffic will witness an increase on the NH 24, Ring Road, Mathura Road and on the
surrounding road networks of India gate and ITPO area due to fast development of
residential townships in GZB NOIDA and Greater NOIDA and in East Delhi.
➢ The maximum trips in one day ever observed is 23 lakhs where 8.88 lakhs trips across
river Yamuna followed by 8.1 lakhs trips on Gurgaon Metro link.
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➢ The land use of the Project influence area includes Supreme Court, High Court, Pragati
Maidan, Major Dhyan Chand Stadium, ASI Monuments Zoo etc. as shown in Fig
below. Hence, these activity areas create congestion.
➢ Mathura Raod is characterized by frequent traffic signals spaced at a average distance

of 400 mts (5 intersections in 2 kms) creating long queues in peak hours with limited
option to improve these intersections due to proximity to ASI monuments and statutory
law provisions.
➢ Most of the traffic coming from East side of Yamuna River and passing through
Bhairon Marg and surrounding road networks of India Gate is destined for Gurgaon or
Central Delhi.
➢ Hence most of the traffic which is by passable is creating congestion on Mathura road,
Bhairon Marg and Ring Road and near ITO.
➢ Presently there is limited capacity (Peak hour)of links to connect East Delhi
and Central Delhi which leads congestion on Ring Road, Mathura Road
and Bhairon Marg.
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1.10 Observations and Recommendations on Specific Safety Issues
1.10.1 Issue: Lack of Construction Zone Warnings

Issue: Lack of Warning and Information
Observations:
• There is no Informatory or regulatory signage
Recommendation:
• Adequate direction and entry restriction signage need to be placed for all approaches
including side road
Priority:
Highly Essential
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1.10.2 Issue: Lack of Construction Zone Warnings

Issue: Construction Zone Warnings
Entry to Construction site Lack of proper Safety is barrier for

protection
Observations:
This is main entrance to site. Lot of machinery and vehicles entering the site and debris and
excavated material is taken out of site. The road width is already compressed.
Recommendation:
Flag man has to be posted. Warning signs has to be fixed.
Provide 1m wide safe VRU passage using barricade
Priority:
Highly Essential
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Issue: Lack of Construction Zone Warnings
Observations
• Traffic entering from Mathura Road towards construction zone no warning signage
present.
• Side shoulder road layers are not completed, water logging was seen at no of points.
• Barricades to regulate the traffic movement also absent.
• Hence vehicles travelling close to the construction zone with high speeds and it may lead
to collision.
Recommendation
• Advance warning signage for construction site has to be placed as per Figure: 4.1 IRC:
SP: 55-2014
Priority
Highly Essential
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1.10.3 Issue: Construction Site Safety

Issue: Construction Site Safety
Unprotected Constructed Zone Scattered Construction Material
Observations/Cause of Concern:
• The construction site is not well managed; no sign boards were placed for advanced warning
of the construction zone.
• There is no segregation of construction site from live traffic /carriageway using appropriate
barricades.
• No Flag man was present to manage traffic flow movement
• No access control at entry/exit of the construction site.
Recommendation:
• Advance warning signage for construction site has to be placed as per Figure: 4.1 IRC:
SP:55-2014.
• Throughout construction site area adjacent to live carriageway has to be barricaded with
appropriate longitudinal and lateral buffer.
• Access control of construction vehicles should be monitored by flag men
Priority:
• Highly Essential
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1.10.4 Issue: Encroachment and Parking

Issue: Encroachment and Parking
Encroachment Parking
Observations:
• Encroachment on the side walk due to which very low walk path for the pedestrian,
which force them walk on pavement.
• Unauthorized parking on the pavement which can be hazards.
Recommendation:
• No encroachment should be allowed on pedestrian walk.
• No parking sign and proper parking space must be provided
Priority:
Highly Essential
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1.10.5 Issue: Inadequate Lateral Buffer

Issue: Inadequate Lateral Buffer
Observations:
• Work zone buffer zone is not maintained and Barricade with Retro reflectivity strips are
not provided. This may leads errant vehicle enter the work zone and leads to accident.
Recommendation:
• Water filled barricade or new jersy barricade should be

provided and Retro reflectivity tapes should be attached to it.
Priority:
Highly Essential
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1.10.6 Issue: Lack of proper demarcated transition zone

Issue: Lack of proper demarcated transition zone
Lack of Warning signs at Transition zone Lack of proper Safety barrier for
protection
Observations:
• Transition zone missing at site
• Some kind of delineation is required with safety cones/barricades as shown in figure on

left. (min. 50 m)
Recommendation:
• Proper tapers shall be provided to guide the traffic out of the normal path (Essential)
• Some kind of delineation is required with safety cones/barricades as shown in figure.

(min. 50 m) (Essential)
• Pavement Markings (Highly Desirable)
• Provide illumination for night vision (Essential)
Priority:
Highly Essential
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1.10.7 Issue: Construction Equipment Maintenance

Issue: Construction Equipment Maintenance
Observations:
• Work zone Barricade with Retro reflectivity strips are not provided. This may leads errant
vehicle enter the work zone and leads to accident.
Recommendation:
• Waterfilled barricade or new jersy barricade should be provided and Retro reflectivity
tapes should be attached to it.
Priority:
Highly Essential
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1.10.8 Issue: Lack of median opening Treatment

Issue: Lack of median opening Treatment
Observations:
Median openings in the work zone are not treated with hazard marker
Recommendation:
• Errant Vehicle may hit the median.
Priority:
Highly Essential
1.10.9 Issue: General observations

Apart from the above mentioned issues, there are some general observations as stated
below
➢ No advance Warning
➢ Bad surface
➢ No retro reflective barricades
➢ Encroachments
➢ Entry and Exit not proper to yard
➢ Shoulders are in bad shape
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➢ No safety Barricades
➢ No reflectors
➢ Dangerous openings
➢ Material dumped on road
➢ No Safety signs
➢ No construction signs
1.11 ACTION PLAN

A site visit was made by Group ‘A’ to conduct Road Safety Audit during Construction
Stage Safety Audit on 4th May 2019 for the Bhairon Marg (A tunnel underneath Pragati
Maidan and underground U-turns). The action plan devised from this audit has been
given below:
• Consider enforcing The elements of Temporary Traffic Control Zone i.e. Advance
warning zone, Approach transition zone, Activity zone, Terminal transition zone and
Work zone end zone, are not established as per IRC SP 55
• Have a plan- Work Zone Traffic Management Plan (WTMP)
• Create separate work areas
• Be aware of your surroundings
• Avoid blind spots
• Have a competent safety person at site
• Start each day work with safety meetings
• Have a site specific safety program
• Stay Hydrated
• Consider enforcing the workers to wear Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) while
doing construction work on the project highway as well as site offices.
• Consider keeping appropriate barricades with retro-reflective tapes to segregate the

construction activities and zones from the main carriageway.
• The recommendations from the road safety audit should be implemented to enhance the
road safety situation of the project highway during the construction activity.
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• Consider maintaining the existing road as per the recommendations
Some of best practices with figures are provided below.
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Road Signs for work zone regulatory signs for construction vehicles
Provisions of VRU’s
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Provision for night time safety
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O&M EXISTING URBAN EXPRESSWAY (Noida

Greater Noida Expressway)
Table of Contents
REPORT PREPARED BY ................................................................................................................... 3

MENTORED BY .................................................................................................................................. 3
CONSTRUCTION STAGE AUDIT (BHAIRON MARG (A TUNNEL UNDERNEATH PRAGATI
MAIDAN AND UNDERGROUND U-TURNS) PART OF A INTEGRATED TRANSIT CORRIDOR ...... 4
TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................ ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
1. INTRODUCTION ....................................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
CONSTRUCTION STAGE AUDIT .......................................................................................................... 2
1.1 GENERAL .................................................................................................................................. 2
1.2 AUDIT METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................... 2
1.3 AUDIT CONSTRAINTS ................................................................................................................. 2
1.4 STAGE 4 AUDIT (DURING CONSTRUCTION STAGE) ...................................................................... 3
1.5 STEPS INVOLVED IN STAGE 4 AUDITS ......................................................................................... 3
1.6 CHECKLISTS ............................................................................................................................. 4
1.7 REQUISITE FOR CONSTRUCTION STAGE ROAD SAFETY AUDIT ..................................................... 4
1.8 ELEMENTS OF TRAFFIC CONTROL ZONE ..................................................................................... 5
1.9 PROJECT BACKGROUND .................................................................................................... 7
1.10 OBSERVATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ON SPECIFIC SAFETY ISSUES ...................................... 1
1.10.1 Issue: Lack of Construction Zone Warnings ........................................................... 1
1.10.2 Issue: Lack of Construction Zone Warnings ........................................................... 1
1.10.3 Issue: Construction Site Safety ............................................................................... 2
1.10.4 Issue: Encroachment and Parking .......................................................................... 3
1.10.5 Issue: Inadequate Lateral Buffer ............................................................................. 1
1.10.6 Issue: Lack of proper demarcated transition zone .................................................. 1
1.10.7 Issue: Construction Equipment Maintenance ......................................................... 1
1.10.8 Issue: Lack of median opening Treatment .............................................................. 2
1.10.9 Issue: General observations ................................................................................... 2
1.11 ACTION PLAN ........................................................................................................................ 3
O&M EXISTING URBAN EXPRESSWAY (NOIDA GREATER NOIDA EXPRESSWAY) .............................. 8
TABLE OF CONTENTS ......................................................................................................................... 8
2. OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE AUDIT STAGE AUDIT ................................................ 2
2.1 GENERAL .................................................................................................................................. 2
2.2 AUDIT METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................... 2
2.3 AUDIT CONSTRAINTS ................................................................................................................. 2
2.4 STAGE 6 AUDIT (OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE STAGE)............................................................ 3
2.5 STEPS INVOLVED IN STAGE 6 AUDITS ......................................................................................... 4
2.6 CHECKLISTS ............................................................................................................................. 5
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2.7 PROJECT BACKGROUND .................................................................................................... 5

3.1 OBSERVATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ON SPECIFIC SAFETY ISSUES ...................................... 1
3.1.1 Issues: Exit/Entry..................................................................................................... 1
3.1.2 AUDIT FINDINGS – Issues: Signage...................................................................... 1
3.1.3 W- BEAM CRASH BARRIERS ............................................................................... 2
3.1.4 AUDIT FINDINGS – Issues: Roadside Hazards ..................................................... 3
3.1.5 Hoardings on Mahamaya Flyover ........................................................................... 1
3.1.6 AUDIT FINDINGS – Issues: Roadside Hazards ..................................................... 1
3.1.7 AUDIT FINDINGS – Issues: Plantation ................................................................... 1
4.1.1 Other observation .................................................................................................... 1
4.1.2 Issue: General observations ................................................................................... 1
4.2 ACTION PLAN ........................................................................................................................ 2
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2. Operation and Maintenance audit Stage Audit

2.1 General
1. A site visit was made by Group ‘A’ members with our mentor (Dr. Subhash Chand) to
conduct Operation and Maintenance audit of Urban Expressway (Noida Greater
Noida Expressway on 4th May 2019 at 10.30 AM.
Figure 2-1: O & M Stage Road Safety Audit of TO ASHRAM CHOWK

The objective of the Safety Audit was to identify potential hazards during the O & M Stage
by experienced road safety specialists and to evolve possible remedial measures to
improve road safety, with special emphasis on vulnerable road user group. Existing road
characteristics change over the period of time. Safety Consultant will inspect existing road
for potential hazards then identify the safety implications on the existing road. The focus of
primary observations was combined on road safety and measures taken for the safety of
road users, pedestrians by applying checklist as per IRC SP 88 2010 and provide safety
measure.

Because of non-availability of previous stage road safety audit reports, alignment
documents Audit is purely based on site visit.
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2.4 Stage 6 Audit (Operation and Maintenance Stage)

An audit of existing roadway to determine by if the safety needs of all road users are
currently being served. It recognizes that a roadway may change over time. Changes
may have resulted from changing road use, encroachments, and design inconsistency,
ageing infrastructure and inadequate maintenance of road and traffic control devices
and other measures. Points to be emphasized are adequacy of roadway, roadside and
intersections, interchanges, grade separators, location of bus stops, truck laybys, needs
of VRU, access management.
Safety Audit methodology is also successful on existing roads which includes both
Operation and Maintenance (O&M) of existing roads. The existing roads represent the
present condition of the road after completion of construction as well as any hazardous
conditions that may have been created during its lifetime such as encroachments,
ribbon development or deterioration of road conditions as well as traffic conditions, etc.
An analysis of any accident data and inspection of the scheme every year,with a view to
determine whether or not road users use the scheme appropriately.
Subjects for monitoring include:
• Does the prevailing speed correspond to the design speed?
• Are the visibility and sight distance criteria still satisfied?
• Have any changes been made which could affect road safety?
• For carriageway and paved shoulders examine things like any breach or
blockade, roughness value, pot holes, cracking, rutting, skidding, damage to
pavement, edge drop at shoulders.
• Check the roadside furniture including road signs and markings damage to their
shape or position, loss of retro-reflectivity
• Street lighting and Highway Traffic Management System (HTMS)
• Rest areas - cleaning, defects in electrical, water and sanitary
installations.
• Bridges - super structure, foundations, bearings, joints, etc..
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CHECKLIST 6 - STAGE 6 AUDIT (ON EXISTING ROADS OR DURING OPERATION &

MANAGEMENT)
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2.6 Checklists
O & M NOIDA-G NOIDA

PROJECT BACKGROUND
3. The Noida–Greater Noida Expressway is a eight-lane highway connecting Noida and
Greater Noida in Uttar Pradesh (24 Km Long).
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3.1.1 Issues: Exit/Entry
Observations/Cause of Concern
• Improper treatment of gore area
• Lack of OHM & requisite delineation
• Footpath is below the paved carriageway, which is abuts steep drop.
Recommendation:
• Improper treatment of gore area
• Lack of OHM & requisite delineation
• Footpath is below the paved carriageway, which is abuts steep drop
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3.1.2 AUDIT FINDINGS – Issues: Signage
Observations:
• Advertisement should not be allowed on the carriageway
• Appropriate signs in accordance with IRC should be provided
• Trimming of the median plantation to be done for clear visibility
Recommendation:
• Advertisement should not be allowed on the carriageway
• Appropriate signs in accordance with IRC should be provided
• Trimming of the median plantation to be done for clear visibility
Priority:
Highly Essential
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Issues: Road Marking
Observations
• No Marking at exit locations
• Discontinuous Solid edge marking
• No Road lane markings on the Bridges/ CD Structures
• Beaded Mastic Asphalt surface, with less skid resistance
Recommendation
• Proper provision of marking.
Priority
Highly Essential
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3.1.3 W- BEAM CRASH BARRIERS

W- BEAM CRASH BARRIERS
• Crash barriers on edge of Carriageway are of low height (single beam)
• Damaged Crash barriers were observed at many locations.
• Crash barriers were found with wrong overlap in many locations
Reason for Concern:.
• Single beam crash barriers are ineffective due to low height

• Wrong overlap increases the severity of accident in the event of any road crash
Recommendation:
• Provide/Replace W-beam Crash Barriers of standard height and overlap in the direction of
traffic as specified in IRC SP:86-2013
• Terminal treatment of W-beam Crash Barrier to be provided.
Priority:
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3.1.4 AUDIT FINDINGS – Issues: Roadside Hazards
Observations:
• Problem due to manhole provision on pavement
• Improper side drain situation.
Recommendation:
• Manhole must be flushed with pavement without any undulation.
• A proper side drainage system must be introduced for water extraction.
Priority:
Highly Essential
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3.1.5 Hoardings on Mahamaya Flyover
Observations:
• Hoardings frame installed near edge of the carriageway
Recommendation:
• Remove the hazards or delineate by providing crash barrier (Essential)
Priority:
Highly Essential
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3.1.6 AUDIT FINDINGS – Issues: Roadside Hazards
Observations:
• Shoulder drop observed on site
• Exposed reinforcements (to be either buried or cut).
Priority:
Highly Essential
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3.1.7 AUDIT FINDINGS – Issues: Plantation

4. AUDIT FINDINGS – Bad Road Features and Furniture
Observations:
• Plantations covering the Metal Beam Crash Barrier

• Information in the Gantry not visible due to plantation
Recommendation:
• There should be proper maintained median with adequate and barriers
Priority:
Highly Essential
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4.1.1 Other observation

Apart from the above mentioned issues, there are some general observations as stated below
➢ Bad surface
➢ Encroachments
➢ No reflectors
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4.2 ACTION PLAN

conduct Operation and Maintenance audit of existing road on 4th May 2019 at 2.30 PM.
. The action plan devised from this audit has been given below:

• Stay Hydrated
Recommendations-
➢ Traffic Signs should be replaced by IRC 67: 2012
➢ Road markings should be given as per IRC 35: 2015
➢ Street Lighting should be provided (Lux 40) at pedestrian crossings
and intersections
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➢ Pedestrian markings and refuge island should be given at crossings

along with guardrails near junctions
➢ Encroachment and illegal parking to be removed and enforced
➢ Median and dividers to be made visible with OHM and road
markings with studs
➢ Dividers to be extended to avoid contra flow and illegal turnings
➢ Confusion at diversions need to be removed by proper signs
➢ Chevron signs to be given at curved ramps
➢ Rumble strips and studs to be given at down ramps and near
junctions
➢ Trimming of branches and clearing of vegetation to be periodically
removed
➢ Buses should be stopped at bus bays which need to be enforced.
➢ Facilities should be maintained

CHECKLIST YES/NO
1) Carryout inspection - do not forget to take the results of accidentsNO

analysis and relevant checklists with you.
2) Does the actual function of the road correspond to its intendedYES

function?
3) Are the prevailing speed levels within desirable limits? YES
4) Do the equipment and standard of the road correspond to itsNO

function, speed level and classification? (Use checklist 2 and 3, as well
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as any specific checklists, which are relevant.)
5) Do road users park in ways that could constitute hazards? YES
6) Do plantations obscure visibility or the view of signs? YES
7) Are the surface and carriageway markings in good condition? NO
8) Are there any signs that road users drive over islands or kerbs or YES
that the routes taken by motorists through junctions and bends are
less than ideal?
9) Are there signs of other conflict situations and minor accidents? YES
10) Are the specified distances to rigid obstacles maintained for all NO
groups of road users?
11) Are medians and islands of adequate width for the likely users NO
12) Are there signs of pedestrian traffic in places that seem hazardousYES
to pedestrians?
13) Does there appear to be a need for more or better YES
crossing facilities for pedestrians?
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14) Does there appear to be a need for more or better facilities for NO
cyclists?
15) Has due consideration been given to children, the elderly, YES
persons with disabilities?
16) Are bus stops and bus bays safely located with YES
adequate visibility and clearance to the traffic lane?
17) Any provisions for parking satisfactory in relation to trafficNO

operations and safety?
18) Are all locations free of construction or maintenance equipment,YES

and any signing or temporary traffic control devices that are no longer
required?
19) Are overtaking opportunities available for heavy NO

vehicles where volumes are high?
20) Are the road boundaries free of any activities that are likely toNO
distract drivers?
21) Is the location of rest areas and truck parking areas along the NO
route appropriate and adequate?
22) Is sufficient warning provided in advance of breaks in service roadsYES
and openings in medians for traffic using multilane highway?
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23) Are there reasonable traffic calming measures in place YES

for the road stretches passing through habitations and built up areas?
24) Other checks made at discretion of auditor or client. NO
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O & M MAHAMAYA INTERCHANGE

6.1 General
conduct Operation and Maintenance audit of Mahamaya Interchange on 4th May 2019
at 10.00 AM.
Figure 6-1: O & M Stage Road Safety Audit of TO MAHAMAYA INTERCHANGE

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measure.

Because of non-availability of previous stage road safety audit reports, alignment

An audit of existing roadway to determine by if the safety needs of all road users are
currently being served. It recognizes that a roadway may change over time. Changes
may have resulted from changing road use, encroachments, and design inconsistency,
ageing infrastructure and inadequate maintenance of road and traffic control devices
and other measures. Points to be emphasized are adequacy of roadway, roadside and
intersections, interchanges, grade separators, location of bus stops, truck laybys, needs
of VRU, access management.
installations.
79 of 116

MANAGEMENT)
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81 of 116
6.6 Checklists

Mahamaya Interchange
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6.8.1 Issues: Issue on exit ramp
• At the starting of the expressway non availability of directional signage, few vehicles
missing the free left towards Amrapali marg and trying to enter cloverleaf approach from
Mahamaya flyover.
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6.8.2 AUDIT FINDINGS – Issues: Signage
Observations / Cause of Concern:
• Due to non-availability of confirmatory directional sign in the gore area, few vehicles
entering the mahamaya flyover instead of Noida service road exit
• Also two exits are closely placed without adequate weaving length
Recommendations:
• Appropriate exit directional signs need to be placed in both exit diverging gore area
along with Gore area pavement marking and hazard marking/delineators.
• Proper lane markings and associated arrow markings need to be placed immediately.
Priority
Highly Essential
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Issues: Major Junction : Interchange at km 2+200
Observations :
Traffic from Mahamaya flyover ramp is merging to expressway traffic with short merging length
on Expressway, no proper marking & studs
Recommendations:
Provide more merging length as per IRC 92 – 1985 (Highly desirable), required proper marking
to guide merging traffic with road studs
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6.8.3 AUDIT FINDINGS – Conflict of traffic between service road exit/entry

7. AUDIT FINDINGS – Conflict of traffic between service road exit/entry
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7.1.1 AUDIT FINDINGS – Bad Road Features (Pavement and Drainage)

8. AUDIT FINDINGS – Bad Road Features (Pavement and Drainage)
Restricted exit
21 m becomes 18 m at exit points
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8.1.1 AUDIT FINDINGS – Non Visible Signs, Trees in median and edge
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8.1.2 AUDIT FINDINGS – Exit from Main Carriageway -Unsafe junction

9. AUDIT FINDINGS – Exit from Main Carriageway -Unsafe junction
Observations
• Entry junction to the expressway is hazardous as sector and service roads are
meeting in non-engineered way.
• No speed reduction measures on service road and sector road.
• No signage and lane marking on service and sector road
• Extra paved area created
• Extra paved area
• No delineation at junction
• Illumination was missing
• Presence of trees/shrubs on LHS of carriageway blocking the site visibility
• Presence of bus stop just beside the junction
Concerns
• Vehicles are likely to collide with each other and especially VRU’s are at high risk.
• During night , uncontrolled traffic movement can lead to fatal accidents
Recommendations
• Remove the trees/shrubs beside the main carriageway (E)

• Gore area to be provided to guide the traffic movement .(E)
• Channelizing Island can be constructed (HD)
• Proper lane marking along with Retro refractive stud (E)
• speed reduction measures on sector road s and side (E )
• Proper signage and lane marking on service and sector road(E )
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9.1.1 General observations

Apart from the above mentioned issues, there are some general observations as stated
below
➢ Bad surface
➢ Encroachments
➢ No reflectors
9.2 ACTION PLAN


• Stay Hydrated
Recommendations-
➢ Street Lighting should be provided (Lux 40) at pedestrian
crossings and intersections
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➢ Pedestrian markings and refuge island should be given at

crossings along with guardrails near junctions
➢ Median and dividers to be made visible with OHM and road
markings with studs
junctions
➢ Trimming of branches and clearing of vegetation to be
periodically removed

CHECKLIST YES/NO
1) Carryout inspection - do not forget to take the results ofNO

accidents analysis and relevant checklists with you.
2) Does the actual function of the road correspond to its intendedYES

function?
3) Are the prevailing speed levels within desirable limits? YES
4) Do the equipment and standard of the road correspond to itsNO

function, speed level and classification? (Use checklist 2 and 3, as
well as any specific checklists, which are relevant.)
91 of 116
5) Do road users park in ways that could constitute hazards? YES
6) Do plantations obscure visibility or the view of signs? YES
7) Are the surface and carriageway markings in good condition? NO
8) Are there any signs that road users drive over islands or kerbs YES
or that the routes taken by motorists through junctions and
bends are less than ideal?
9) Are there signs of other conflict situations and minor accidents?YES
10) Are the specified distances to rigid obstacles maintained for NO

all groups of road users?
11) Are medians and islands of adequate width for the likely NO
users
12) Are there signs of pedestrian traffic in places that seemYES

hazardous to pedestrians?
13) Does there appear to be a need for more or better YES
crossing facilities for pedestrians?
14) Does there appear to be a need for more or better facilities NO

for cyclists?
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15) Has due consideration been given to children, the elderly, YES
persons with disabilities?
16) Are bus stops and bus bays safely located with YES
adequate visibility and clearance to the traffic lane?
17) Any provisions for parking satisfactory in relation to trafficNO

operations and safety?
18) Are all locations free of construction or maintenanceYES

equipment, and any signing or temporary traffic control devices
that are no longer required?
19) Are overtaking opportunities available for heavy NO

vehicles where volumes are high?
20) Are the road boundaries free of any activities that are likely toNO
distract drivers?
21) Is the location of rest areas and truck parking areas along NO
the route appropriate and adequate?
22) Is sufficient warning provided in advance of breaks in serviceYES
roads and openings in medians for traffic using multilane highway?
23) Are there reasonable traffic calming measures in place YES

for the road stretches passing through habitations and built up
areas?
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24) Other checks made at discretion of auditor or client. NO
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(Picture: Accident witnessed on Noida Expressway near Mahamaya Interchange dated 4 th May 2019)
Road Safety Audit Report – May 2019
95 of 116
O & M EXISTING ROAD

11.1 General
A site visit was made by Group ‘A’ members with our mentor (Dr. Subhash Chand) to
Figure 11-1: Construction Stage Road Safety Audit of Bhairon Marg

measure.
96 of 116

Because of non-availability of Previous stage road safety audit reports, alignment

An audit of existing roadway to determine by if the safety needs of all road users are currently
being served. It recognizes that a roadway may change over time. Changes may have resulted
from changing road use, encroachments, and design inconsistency, ageing infrastructure and
inadequate maintenance of road and traffic control devices and other measures. Points to be
emphasized are adequacy of roadway, roadside and intersections, interchanges, grade
separators, location of bus stops, truck laybys, needs of VRU, access management.
installations.
97 of 116

MANAGEMENT)
98 of 116
99 of 116
11.6 Checklists

Existing road start from CRRI to ASHRAM CHOWK, The total stretch about 3 km long 6-lane
with median and paved shoulder and raised footpath.
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11.8.1 AUDIT FINDINGS – Non Visible Signs, Trees in median.
• Median plantation adversely affecting visibility of sign boards.
• Overhanging tree branches over carriageway.
Recommendation:
• For visibility of the traffic signal,Vegitation that covers the signage must be trimmed and
properly managed.
• All these trees(with large dia ) need to be provided with reflective tapes to caution the
road user during night time
Priority
Highly Essential
101 of 116
11.8.2 AUDIT FINDINGS – Improper Facilities for Pedestrian
Observations:
• Median is to high for crossing to pedestrians.
• Adequate refuge space is not available at Median Island.
• Pedestrians are observed crossing the road in unsafe way
• Zebra marking is faded.
• Right turn signal from CRRI gate is also associated with pedestrian signal. This
creates a safety hazard for pedestrian crossing and vehicle turning right or taking U
turn.
Recommendation:
• Median shall be extended and additional refuge area shall be created with depressed
kerbs.
• Zebra marking shall be painted and studs shall be provided.
• Median shall be extended so it will force pedestrian to cross from zebra.
Priority:
Highly Essential
102 of 116
AUDIT FINDINGS –Hazards due to Concrete structure and Tree on Pavement
Observations
• Concrete Structure on to the carriageway posing hazard to moving traffic.
• Many large tree on carriageway obstructing the flow of traffic also due to this resulting in
grievous accident
Recommendation
• Concrete structure must be demolished.
• Tree on the carriageway shall be removed or made visible using retro reflective tape. if
not possible to remove.
Priority
Highly Essential
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11.8.3 AUDIT FINDINGS – Bad Road Features (Footpath/Sidewalk)

12. AUDIT FINDINGS – Bad Road Features (Footpath/Sidewalk)
• Broken footpath/side walk observed.
• Construction Material dumped on the sidewalk
• Tree and sign board causes obstruction in pedestrian.
Recommendation:
• Damaged Sidewalk must be repaired.
• Construction material should not be allow to be dumped on side walk.
• Sign Board Should not be on middle of the sidewalk and trees must be make noticeable by
marking or removing from sidewalk
Priority:
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12.1.1 AUDIT FINDINGS – Bad Road Features (Pavement and Drainage)

13. AUDIT FINDINGS – Bad Road Features (Pavement and Drainage)
Observations:
• Problem due to manhole provision on pavement
• Improper side drain situation.
Recommendation:
• Manhole must be flushed with pavement without any undulation.
• A proper side drainage system must be introduced for water extraction.
Priority:
Highly Essential
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13.1.1 AUDIT FINDINGS – Non Visible Signs, Trees in median and edge
14. AUDIT FINDINGS – Non Visible Signs, Trees in median and edge
Observations:
• When exiting from CRRI main gate towards Ashram Chowk, traffic directional
Informative signal is not visible due to a large tree at the median of NH-2. This leads
to accidents in the absence of non-visibility of directional sign.
• There are a number of trees in median and also at the edge of main carriageway
affecting visibility during dark/night
Recommendation:
• For visibility of the traffic signal, tree branches are to be trimmed/pruned regularly.
• All these trees need to be provided with reflective tapes to improve visibility during night
time/darkness
Priority:
Highly Essential
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14.1.1 AUDIT FINDINGS – Contraflow, wrong use of busbay, abandoned gantry

15. AUDIT FINDINGS – Contraflow, wrong use of busbay, abandoned gantry
Observations:
• Bus bay is not being used properly. Also contraflow is observed.
• Improper taper of the bus bay for proper access to buses.
• Buses are not coming to the bus stop; instead they are stopping on the main
carriageway which is prone to accident.
• abandoned gantry sign boards is observed.
Recommendation:
• Bus bay signs and markings shall be made and enforcement for buses to follow bus
bays is required.
• Proper access to bus stops shall be provided and shelter shall be maintained.
• Abandoned gantry shall be removed.
Priority:
Highly Essential
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15.1.1 AUDIT FINDINGS – Bad Road Features and Furniture

16. AUDIT FINDINGS – Bad Road Features and Furniture
Observations:
• Absence of median barrier, Multiple opening of median

• Broken barriers having inclination towards carriage way.
• Trees at the median have branches over the pavement
Recommendation:
• There should be proper maintained median with adequate and barriers
Priority:
Highly Essential
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Construction Stage
Road Safety Audit
Related Aspects
Report
16.1.1 Other observation
17. Other observation

Apart from the above mentioned issues, there are some general observations as stated below
➢ Bad surface
➢ Encroachments
➢ No reflectors
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Construction Stage
Road Safety Audit
Related Aspects
Report
17.2 ACTION PLAN

• Stay Hydrated
Recommendations-
➢ Street Lighting should be provided (Lux 40) at pedestrian crossings
and intersections
➢ Pedestrian markings and refuge island should be given at crossings
along with guardrails near junctions
➢ Median and dividers to be made visible with OHM and road markings
with studs
junctions
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Construction Stage
Road Safety Audit
Related Aspects
Report
➢ Trimming of branches and clearing of vegetation to be periodically

removed
NIGHT AUDIT
According to IRC:SP:88-2010, Cl. No 5.2.12, NIGHT VISIBILITY of roadside
features/ furniture is considered an an important aspect from safety point of view of
road users. Perceptions of road side hazard like unmarked culvert, sudden
narrower/broader width of carriageway, visibility of signs, extra projection on
foothpath etc. usually becomes more difficult at nightime or under poor conditions.
Team “A” conducted night time audit of N.H. 2 spanning between CSIR-CRRI to
Okhla Tank Bus Stop. The distance of study stretch is about 415 m approximately.
The study Stretch is as follows:-
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Construction Stage
Road Safety Audit
Related Aspects
Report
Sl. No Observation Reason of Concern Recommendation Priority

1 Median Nose at CRRI It causes hazardous It should be maintained
Intersection situation for high speed properly as per IRC
It is observed that median thorough traffic on provisions
nose at CRRI Intersection National Highway also for Essential
is not damaged and turning traffic during night
properly maintained. time.
112 of 116
Construction Stage
Road Safety Audit
Related Aspects
Report
2 Faded Zebra Crossing Due to this kind movement ➢ There should be

Visbility during Night by pedestrians, they may proper porovision of
Time near CRRI Main be subjected to have lighting near zebra
Gate collision with high speed crossing.
It is observed that zebra traffic on National ➢ These should be Essential
Crossing hardly visible Highway. painted with
during dark hours which fluorescent paint.
force pedestrians to cross
the road beyond the
designated zebra crossing
Markings.

3 Dark Zone observed It causes almost no Big trees should not be
It is observed that due to visibility to the road users planted on median.
trees on the median and by which they are unable Small vegetation must be Highly
sidewalks have their to see road features and trimmed at regular Essential
shadow on the road conditions. interval.
carriageway which dark
zone.
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Construction Stage
Road Safety Audit
Related Aspects
Report
Dark Zone on
Carriageway
Dark Zone at
Footpath
Dark Zone on
Carriageway
4 No Proper Lighting at Due to improper light at ➢ There should be

Okhla Tank Bus Stop bus stop Passenger feel proper lighting
It is observed that due to insecure as well as they system at bus stop.
no lighting at the bus stop come on the main ➢ Bus drivers should
passengers waiting at the carriageway inorder to dstop the bus very Essential
bus stop are not visible to board the bus at the close to the kerb so
the bus driver as well as earliest which may that passenger can
other road users and become probable cause of board the bus safely
persons an severe accident. and easily.
Improper Lighting
System at Okhla
Tank Bus Stop

1 Median Nose at CRRI It causes hazardous It should be maintained
Intersection situation for high speed properly as per IRC
It is observed that median thorough traffic on provisions
nose at CRRI Intersection National Highway also for Essential
is not damaged and turning traffic during night
properly maintained. time.
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Construction Stage
Road Safety Audit
Related Aspects
Report
2 Faded Zebra Crossing Due to this kind movement ➢ There should be

Visbility during Night by pedestrians, they may proper porovision of
Time near CRRI Main be subjected to have lighting near zebra
Gate collision with high speed crossing.
It is observed that zebra traffic on National ➢ These should be Essential
Crossing hardly visible Highway. painted with
during dark hours which fluorescent paint.
force pedestrians to cross
the road beyond the
designated zebra crossing
Markings.

5 Undulated and broken During night time Footpath should be
footpath pedestrian may fall down repaired and surface of
It is observed that at the broken and footpath must be made Highly
footpath surface is not undulated footpath. free from undulations Essential
even and found broken at
multiple places.
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Construction Stage
Road Safety Audit
Related Aspects
Report
Broken footpath
Broken
Footpath
Undulation on
footpath
6 There is presence of a Due to this road user can ➢ Tis culvert must be
culvert at the main directly hit this culvert as removed .
carriage way. it has no OHM marking. ➢ If not possible by
Culvert of the proper provison of High
underground drainage on Due to unadequate apace OHM must be present Essential
the main carriage way on footpath pedestrian ➢ Provision of OHM
force to walk on carriage should be done on the
Extended wall at the main way. wall.
carriage way(including Wall can be hazards for
footpath) vehicles also
CULVERT AT
CARRIEAGE WAY
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Road Safety Audit Report Group

15-day certification course on

“Road Safety Audit and other Road

ROAD SAFETY AUDIT REPORT FOR

December 2018 i CENTRAL ROAD RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Road Safety Audit Report – May 2019

ROAD SAFETY AUDIT REPORT

1. DESIGN STAGE AUDIT (Sambalpur Rourkela Section of SH10)

2. CONSTRUCTION STAGE AUDIT (Bhairon Marg (A tunnel underneath Pragati

3. O&M EXISTING URBAN EXPRESSWAY (Noida Greater Noida Expressway)

4. O&M EXISTING INTERCHANGE AUDIT (Mahamaya Interchange: Noida

5. O&M EXISTING INTER URBAN EXPRESSWAY AUDIT (Yamuna Expressway)

6. O&M EXISTING ROAD AUDIT (NH2 Ashram to CRRI)

Team A would like to extend its sincere thanks to our mentor

REPORT PREPARED BY ................................................................................................................. 3

4.1.2 Issue: General observations ....................................................................................1

DESIGN STAGE AUDIT

1 ROAD SAFETY REVIEW/AUDIT REPORT

1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THIS REPORT

1.3 PROJECT BRIEF

Map of the project corridor

The salient features of the project are given in following table:

4 Nos1 47+371 T-Junction

2 53+164 Four Arm Junction

14 Nos (between km 44+000 to km 52+000)

Sr. No Description Details

1.4 AUDIT TEAM

1.5 AUDIT STAGE

The details not provided with drawing folder are as follows:

1.6 REPOR STRUCTURE

Observation : Problem Observed

Recommendations : The Audit recommends road safety engineering

2 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

2.1 Road Cross Sections and Drawings provided.

Cross Section 10 B & 11 C

Cross Section 12A

Super elevation Drawing

Cross Section Type-5

Minor Junction Drawings

Truck Lay by Drawings

Road Singes drawings

2.2 Road Check List

c) Check whether sight lines are

7) Are the proposed types of kerb stone/edge marking appropriate? Yes

e) Will powerful illumination of adjoining areas or strongly

9) Junctions, interchanges and their design:

e) Are the crossing facilities for pedestrians and non-motorised

12) At the junction/transition to existing roads (especially from multi-lane to

c) Are ghost markings appropriate in connection with the merging of

19) Additional temporary signs will be necessary for most new

Has ultimate growth height been considered and potential

22) Lay byes:

23) Check provision for pedestrians to cross safely at intersections,

29) Is a crash barrier provided wherever necessary and is it properly detailed?

No special requirements are considered.

2.3 AUDIT OBSERVATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS WITH

1. Road Cross Sections

3 TCS- Cross 1. Kerb Shyness 1. The cross HIgh