B.

Com (Computer Application)- Semester VI

Course Name- Entrepreneurship Development
Topic- Intrapreneur and Social Entrepreneur

Reference Video Link

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lciyuFGAYP8&t=93s
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bWAxdYN0dlc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aTo0qtdVMpM

Study Material
Intrapreneur
An intrapreneur is an inside entrepreneur, or an entrepreneur within a large firm, who
uses entrepreneurial skills without incurring the risks associated with those activities.
Intrapreneurs are usually employees within a company who are assigned to work on a
special idea or project, and they are instructed to develop the project like an
entrepreneur would. Intrapreneurs usually have the resources and capabilities of the
firm at their disposal.
The word intrapreneur is coined in 1980s by a management consultant Gifford Pincho.
Companies that are in great need of new innovative ideas use intrapreneurs.

Intrapreneurship is the act of behaving like an entrepreneur while working within a

large organization. Intrapreneurship is known as the practice of a corporate
management style that integrates risk-taking and innovation approaches, as well as the
reward and motivational techniques, that are more traditionally thought of as being the
province of entrepreneurship.
Intrapreneur – Meaning
An intrapreneur is an inside entrepreneur, or an entrepreneur within a large firm, who
uses entrepreneurial skills without incurring the risks associated with those activities.
Intrapreneurs are usually employees within a company who are assigned to work on a
special idea or project, and they are instructed to develop the project like an
entrepreneur would. Intrapreneurs usually have the resources and capabilities of the
firm at their disposal.
Entrepreneurs and intrapreneurs vary in their level of focus. Whereas an entrepreneur
envisions a company from start to finish, an intrapreneur has a much broader vision for
an established company. Because the intrapreneur works on solving bigger issues
within the business, he/she typically has more directly applicable skills for given tasks
and takes more risks within the context of his/her job.

Intrapreneur - Characteristics
There are many characteristics of an intrapreneur:
1. Creates new ventures – Giving birth to new businesses within the existing
organizations is the typical characteristic of an intrapreneur.
2. Innovates products/services – A tendency towards technological leadership by way
of continual innovation of products/services is desirable on part of an intrapreneur.
3. Innovates processes – Under fiercely competitive business landscape, business
processes need to be reinvented time and again by the intrapreneurs for better
efficiency, productivity, and quality.
4. Proactive – Intrapreneurs attempt to lead rather than follow the competitors through
their pro-activeness.
5. Risk-taking – Intrapreneurs have a risk-taking attitude with regard to investment
decisions and strategic actions under situations of uncertainty.
6. Renews organizations – An intrapreneur is expected to transform the organizations
through renewal of key ideas on which they are built.
7. Competitively aggressive – An intrappreneur has the propensity to directly and
intensely challenge his organization’s competitors to achieve entry or to improve
position.

Social Entrepreneur
A social entrepreneur is a person who pursues novel applications that have the
potential to solve community-based problems. These individuals are willing to take on
the risk and effort to create positive changes in society through their initiatives. Social
entrepreneurs may believe that this practice is a way to connect you to your life's
purpose, help others find theirs, and make a difference in the world (all while eking out
a living).

The Importance of Social Entrepreneurship for Development

Especially since Muhammad Yunus, founder of the Grameen Bank and a renowned
example of a social enterprise, won the Nobel Peace Price in 2006 there is increasing
interest in social entrepreneurship for development yet the current academic literature
does not provide is a sufficient link between social entrepreneurship and economic
development policies. How important are social entrepreneurs for economic
development? What value is created by social entrepreneurship?

To answer these questions I researched the work of over 20 authors from Bornstein,
Schumpeter, the OECD, the World Bank and many others for a paper for the UNSW. My
findings conclude that the social entrepreneur sector is increasingly important for
economic (and social) development because it creates social and economic values:

1. Employment Development

The first major economic value that social entrepreneurship creates is the most obvious
one because it is shared with entrepreneurs and businesses alike: job and employment
creation. Estimates ranges from one to seven percent of people employed in the social
entrepreneurship sector. Secondly, social enterprises provide employment
opportunities and job training to segments of society at an employment disadvantage
(long-term unemployed, disabled, homeless, at-risk youth and gender-discriminated
women). In the case of Grameen the economic situation of six million disadvantaged
women micro-entrepreneurs were improved.

2. Innovation / New Goods and Services

Social enterprises develop and apply innovation important to social and economic
development and develop new goods and services. Issues addressed include some of the
biggest societal problems such as HIV, mental ill-health, illiteracy, crime and drug abuse
which, importantly, are confronted in innovative ways. An example showing that these
new approaches in some cases are transferable to the public sector is the Brazilian
social entrepreneur Veronica Khosa, who developed a home-based care model for AIDS
patients which later changed government health policy.

3. Social Capital

Next to economic capital one of the most important values created by social
entrepreneurship is social capital (usually understood as “the resources which are
linked to possession of a durable network of ... relationships of mutual acquaintance and
recognition"). Examples are the success of the German and Japanese economies, which
have their roots in long-term relationships and the ethics of cooperation, in both
essential innovation and industrial development. The World Bank also sees social
capital as critical for poverty alleviation and sustainable human and economic
development. Investments in social capital can start a virtuous cycle (for more
explanation see my PDF below):

4. Equity Promotion

Social entrepreneurship fosters a more equitable society by addressing social issues and
trying to achieve ongoing sustainable impact through their social mission rather than
purely profit-maximization. In Yunus’s example, the Grameen Bank supports
disadvantaged women. Another case is the American social entrepreneur J.B. Schramm
who has helped thousands of low-income high-school students to get into tertiary
education.

To sum up, social enterprises should be seen as a positive force, as change agents
providing leading-edge innovation to unmet social needs. Social entrepreneurship is not
a panacea because it works within the overall social and economic framework, but as it
starts at the grassroots level it is often overlooked and deserves much more attention
from academic theorists as well as policy makers. This is especially important in
developing countries and welfare states facing increasing financial stress.