A

Report on

COMPUTING POWER
A report submitted for the partial fulfillment of the requirements of
BACHELOR OF T ECHNOLOGY
IN
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
Submitted by
KOTTHALA VEERA VENKATA GANESH (21815A0204)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

AVANTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

(PERMENANTLY AFFLIATED TO JNTUGV, ACCREDITED BY NAAC A+, APPROVED BY AICTE,
RECOGNISED BY UGC)

(Affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru technological university vizianagaram, A.P)

TAMARAM, MAKAVARAPALEM, ANAKAPALLE-531113
2023-2024
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
 AVANTHIINSTITUTEOFENGINEERINGANDTECHNOLOGY

BONAFIED CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the program entitled -” COMPUTING POWER “is the
partialfulfilment of the requirements for virtual internship program of BACHELOR OF
TECHNOLOGY IN THE Department of ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS
ENGINEERING at AVANTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY,
Makavarapalem , Narsipatnam is a bonafied work carried out by student of final year
KOTTHALA VEERA VENKATA GANESH (21815A0204) under the guidance and supervision
during JAN-MAR 2024

(Head of Department)
Dr. T. SRINIVASARAO

External signature
 INTRODUCTION
COMPUTING POWER
INTRODUCTION
Computing power refers to the capability of a system to perform calculations and process
information. It is typically measured in terms of the number of calculations a computer can perform per
second, often expressed in floating-point operations per second (FLOPS). Computing power is
determined by factors such as the speed of the processor, the number of processors, and the efficiency of
the algorithms employed.
Computing Power Computation: The computation of computing power depends on various hardware and
software components. The primary component is the central processing unit (CPU), which executes
instructions and performs calculations. The CPU's clock speed, measured in gigahertz (GHz), determines
the number of instructions it can execute per second. Additionally, the number of cores in a CPU affects
the parallel processing capabilities and overall computing power.
To calculate the total computing power of a system, multiply the clock speed by the number of cores and
the number of instructions per clock cycle. For example, a quad-core CPU with a clock speed of 3.5 GHz
and 4 instructions per clock cycle would yield a computing power of 56 GFLOPS (3.5 GHz × 4
instructions/cycle × 4 cores).
Optimizing Computing Power: Optimizing computing power involves maximizing the efficiency of
hardware and software components to achieve faster and more accurate computations. Here are some
strategies for optimizing computing power:
1. Efficient Algorithms: Choosing or designing algorithms that require fewer computations or utilize
parallel processing can significantly improve performance.
2. Hardware Upgrades: Upgrading components like the CPU, increasing the number of cores, or
utilizing specialized hardware like graphics processing units (GPUs) for parallel processing can boost
computing power.
3. Memory Management: Optimizing data storage and retrieval processes, such as caching frequently
accessed data, can reduce processing time and improve overall performance.
4. Parallelization: Breaking down tasks into smaller subtasks that can be executed simultaneously across
multiple cores or machines can leverage parallel processing and speed up computations.
5. Code Optimization: Writing efficient and optimized code, eliminating redundant calculations,
reducing memory usage, and using compiler optimizations can lead to substantial performance gains.
Deriving Required Computing Power: Determining the required computing power for an application
depends on several factors, including the nature of the task, its complexity, and performance expectations.
Here are steps to derive the required computing power:
1. Task Analysis: Understand the computational requirements of the application. Determine if it involves
heavy calculations, simulations, data processing, or requires real-time responsiveness.
2. Benchmarking: Conduct benchmark tests on representative workloads to measure the performance of
the application on different hardware configurations. This helps identify the required computing power to
meet desired performance goals.
3. Scalability Considerations: If the application needs to handle increasing workloads or larger datasets,
consider the scalability requirements and ensure the computing power can handle future growth.
4. Consultation and Research: Seek expert advice, consult software developers, or refer to the
documentation and online resources to understand the recommended computing power for similar
applications.
5. Cost Optimization: Balance the required computing power with cost considerations. Choose a
configuration that meets the application's needs while being cost-effective and scalable.

Computing power is a fundamental aspect of modern technology and impacts the performance of
various applications. By understanding how computing power is computed, optimizing it through
efficient algorithms and hardware upgrades, and deriving the required

OVERVIEW
Why is computing power important?
Computing power is essential because it determines how efficiently a computer can complete
tasks. The more power a computer possesses, the faster it can execute operations and the more
operations it can execute simultaneously.
Companies in the financial services industry, like JPMorgan Chase and Visa, and hosting
providers, like Temok, are interested in quantum computing and its technology.
This is why computers with greater computing efficiency are typically more expensive than
those with less processing power.
Many factors affect computing power:

 A computer’s number of processors is one of the most important characteristics. The

greater a computer’s computing power, the more processors it has. The processor’s speed
is also essential. The greater the computer’s computing power, the faster its processors.
 The amount of memory a computer possesses is another crucial aspect. The greater a
computer’s memory, the greater its computing power. The type of computer’s memory is
also crucial. Certain types of memory are more rapid than others. This allows them to
store and retrieve data more efficiently.
 The computer’s operating system can also affect its processing speed. Some operating
systems use less computing power than others.
This indicates that they can run on less powerful computers.

Also read: the evolution of cloud computing and enhanced business efficiency.

Computing power technology refers to the capacity of a computer or computer system to execute
complex computations and data processing tasks.
TYPES OF COMPUTING POWER
There are multiple types of computing power technologies, such as:
Central Processing Unit
CPUs are designed to perform various tasks, including arithmetic, logic, and input/output (I/O)
control. In addition, they are responsible for retrieving program instructions from memory and
decoding them into a format that the computer’s other components can understand.
The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is commonly referred to as the computer’s brain.
It is one of many processing units, but arguably the most important. The central processing unit
performs calculations and actions and runs programs.
These functions were distributed across multiple processors in older computers. However,
manufacturing and design advancements have allowed the CPU to fit onto a single chip.
Therefore, you may also hear CPUs referred to as microprocessors.
This has allowed for the development of thinner, lighter laptops and the creation of all-in-one
computing devices. These robust processors are also crucial to the functionality of your
Smartphone.
Graphics Processing Unit
A specialized processor designed to perform complex graphics and visual computing operations.
GPUs are frequently employed in gaming, scientific research, and machine-learning applications.
GPUs are processors which efficiently render photos and videos. While CPUs and GPUs are
significant for various reasons, the latter’s power has dramatically increased in recent years.
This is largely a result of games and other graphically demanding applications becoming
Increasingly popular.
As a result, GPUs have become more potent, with some models now exceeding the performance
of high-end CPUs.
Despite their distinct functions, CPUs and GPUs are necessary for contemporary computing.
With a powerful processor, electronic devices could perform the tasks on which we rely daily.
Field Programmable Gate Arrays
Field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are programmable logic devices that can be
reprogrammed to carry out various computing tasks, making them useful in fields like digital
signal processing and cryptography.
Moreover, an FPGA is an integrated circuit (IC) that facilitates custom logic creation for rapid
prototyping and final system design.
FPGAs are distinct from other custom or semi-custom ICs due to their inherent flexibility, which
enables them to be programmed and reprogrammed via a software download to adapt to the
changing requirements of the larger system for which they are designed.
FPGAs are ideal for edge computing, AI, system security, 5G, factory automation, and robotics,
which are growing rapidly.
Also read: 6 Advantages In Terms Of Safety Offered By Cloud Computing Settings.
Quantum Computing
New computing technology known as quantum computing runs calculations in accordance with
the laws of quantum mechanics. When applied to specific problems, quantum computers may be
able to find answers much more quickly than classical ones.
Each computing power technology has pros and cons and is best for distinct types of computing
tasks. The application’s specific requirements and available resources determine the technology
utilized.
In addition, Google will spend billions of dollars by 2029 building its quantum computer. Google
AI’s California campus helps the company achieve this goal. Once developed, Google could
launch a cloud-based quantum computing service.
Moreover, the level of security provided by public cloud services providers like Amazon Web
Services (AWS) and Microsoft Azure cannot be matched based on Dedicated Servers in Italy.

HARDWARE SPECIFICATIONS:
Here's an example of hardware specifications documentation following the provided
structure:
Hardware Specifications:
Processor:

 Type: Central Processing Unit (CPU)

 Model: Intel Core i7-11700K

 Architecture: Intel Rocket Lake

 Clock Speed: 3.6 GHz (base), up to 5.0 GHz (boost)

 Cores/Threads: 8 cores / 16 threads

 Cache Size: 16 MB Intel Smart Cache

 Instruction Set: Intel 64-bit Architecture (x86-64)

Memory:

 Type: DDR4 SDRAM

 Capacity: 32 GB

 Speed: 3200 MHz

 Configuration: Dual-channel
 ECC: Not supported
Storage:

 Storage Device: Solid State Drive (SSD)

 Capacity: 1 TB

 Interface: PCIe NVMe 4.0

 Performance Metrics:
Read Speed: Up to 7000 MB/s
 Write Speed: Up to 5500 MB/s

Graphics Processing Unit (GPU):

 Model: NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3080

 Memory Capacity: 10 GB GDDR6X

 Performance Metrics:
CUDA Cores: 8704
Memory Bandwidth: 760 GB/s
Ray Tracing Cores: 68
Tensor Cores: 272

Other Components:

 Network Interface: Intel Gigabit Ethernet Controller

Expansion Slots:
1 x PCIe 4.0 x16 (occupied by GPU)
2 x PCIe 3.0 x16 (available)
3 x PCIe 3.0 x1 (available)
Specialized Accelerators: None
PERFORMANCE METRICS:
Processing Power:
 FLOPS (Floating-Point Operations Per Second): Theoretical peak performance can be
calculated using the formula:
FLOPS=Number of Cores×Clock Speed×Instructions per Cycle
 MIPS (Million Instructions Per Second): Theoretical peak performance based on the
processor's architecture and clock speed.
Memory Bandwidth:
 Theoretical memory bandwidth can be calculated based on the memory type, speed, and
configuration.
Storage Performance:
 Read/Write Speeds: Measured in MB/s (Megabytes per second) or GB/s (Gigabytes per
second), indicating how quickly data can be read from or written to the storage device.
 Latency: Measured in milliseconds (ms), indicating the time it takes for the storage
device to respond to a data request.
 IOPS (Input/output Operations Per Second): The number of read/write operations the
storage device can perform in one second.
GPU Performance:
 GPU Core Clock Speed: The frequency at which the GPU's processing cores operate,
measured in MHz or GHz.
 Memory Bandwidth: The maximum rate at which data can be transferred between the
GPU and its dedicated memory, measured in GB/s.
 Performance in Specific Workloads:
 Gaming: Frame rates (frames per second or FPS) achieved in popular games at
various settings.
 Rendering: Render times for 3D scenes or videos using rendering software such
as Blender or Autodesk Maya.
 Machine Learning: Training or inference speeds for machine learning models
using frameworks like TensorFlow or PyTorch

.
Benchmark Results:
Processor Performance:
 Benchmark Tool: PassMark PerformanceTest
 Methodology: Ran CPU benchmark tests using PassMark PerformanceTest software,
which evaluates CPU performance in various scenarios including arithmetic,
compression, encryption, and physics simulations.
 Results
PassMark Score: XXXX
Single Thread Performance: XXXX
Multi-Thread Performance: XXXX

Memory Bandwidth:
 Benchmark Tool: AIDA64
  Methodology: Conducted memory benchmark tests using AIDA64 software, which
measures memory read, write, and copy speeds.
 Results:
Read Speed: XXXX MB/s
Write Speed: XXXX MB/s
Copy Speed: XXXX MB/s

Storage Performance:
 Benchmark Tool: CrystalDiskMark
 Methodology: Utilized CrystalDiskMark software to assess storage read and write speeds
under various conditions.
 Results:
Sequential Read Speed: XXXX MB/s
Sequential Write Speed: XXXX MB/s
Random 4K Read Speed: XXXX IOPS
Random 4K Write Speed: XXXX IOPS
GPU Performance:
 Benchmark Tool: 3DMark
 Methodology: Ran GPU benchmark tests using 3DMark software, which evaluates
graphics card performance in gaming and rendering scenarios.
 Results:
3DMark Score: XXXX
Graphics Score: XXXX
Ray Tracing Score: XXXX
Machine Learning Score: XXXX (if applicable)
USAGE CONSIDERATIONS:

Optimizing CPU Performance:

Utilize multi-threaded applications to fully leverage the CPU's multiple cores and threads.
Monitor CPU temperatures and ensure adequate cooling to prevent thermal throttling, especially
during intensive tasks.
Consider over clocking the CPU for additional performance, but be aware of potential stability
and warranty implications.

Memory Management:
Allocate sufficient memory for demanding applications or workloads to prevent performance
bottlenecks.
Enable XMP (Extreme Memory Profile) in BIOS settings to optimize memory speed and
timings, if supported by the memory modules.

Storage Optimization:
Install the operating system and frequently used applications on the SSD for faster boot times
and improved responsiveness.
Utilize the SSD's high-speed storage for storing frequently accessed files and data, while using
HDD storage for larger files and backups.
Regularly defragment HDD storage to optimize performance and reduce file fragmentation.

GPU Usage Guidelines:

Adjust graphics settings in games or rendering software to balance visual quality and
performance based on the GPU's capabilities.
Enable hardware acceleration in multimedia applications to offload processing tasks to the GPU
and improve performance.
Monitor GPU temperatures and ensure proper ventilation to prevent overheating and
performance degradation.

Power Management:
Configure power settings to balance performance and energy efficiency based on usage
requirements.
Consider enabling performance mode or high-performance power plan for maximum computing
power during demanding tasks, but be mindful of increased power consumption.

Limitations and Considerations:

Be aware of potential compatibility issues with certain software or hardware components,
especially when upgrading or expanding the system.
Understand the system's thermal limits and avoid prolonged operation under heavy loads to
prevent overheating and potential hardware damage.
Regularly update drivers and firmware to ensure compatibility, stability, and performance
optimization.
Future Upgrades or Expansion:

Memory Expansion:
Consider adding more memory modules to increase overall system memory capacity beyond the
current 32 GB.
Ensure compatibility with existing memory modules and motherboard specifications, such as
memory type, speed, and capacity limits.
Install additional memory modules in available DIMM slots, following motherboard
manufacturer guidelines.

Processor Upgrade:
Evaluate the possibility of upgrading the CPU to a newer, more powerful model with higher
clock speeds and more cores/threads.
Check compatibility with the motherboard socket type and BIOS version to ensure seamless
installation and operation.
Research performance benchmarks and reviews to identify suitable CPU upgrades that provide a
significant performance boost.

Storage Expansion:
Install additional SSD or HDD storage devices to increase overall storage capacity or improve
storage performance.Consider upgrading to faster NVMe SSDs or higher-capacity HDDs based
on storage requirements and budget.
Ensure availability of sufficient SATA or PCIe slots on the motherboard for connecting
additional storage devices.

GPU Upgrade:
Explore options for upgrading the GPU to a newer model with better performance, more VRAM,
and support for advanced features such as ray tracing and AI acceleration.
Check compatibility with the motherboard PCIe slot type, power supply capacity, and physical
dimensions to accommodate the new GPU.
Research gaming benchmarks and professional reviews to select a GPU upgrade that meets
specific gaming, rendering, or machine learning requirements.

Expansion Cards and Accessories:

Install additional expansion cards, such as network interface cards (NICs), sound cards, or
specialized accelerators, to enhance system functionality or performance. Ensure compatibility
with available expansion slots and drivers for seamless integration and operation. Explore
options for upgrading peripherals, such as monitors, keyboards, and mice, to complement the
upgraded system configuration.

System Maintenance and Upkeep:

Regularly clean and maintain the system components, including fans, heatsinks, and air vents, to
prevent dust buildup and maintain optimal cooling efficiency. Update system firmware, drivers,
and software regularly to ensure compatibility, stability, and security. Monitor system
performance and temperatures periodically to identify potential issues and optimize system
settings for peak performance.
REFERENCES AND RESOURCES:

Processor (Intel Core i7-11700K):

 Intel Core i7-11700K Product Specifications
 Intel Core i7-11700K Datasheet

Memory (DDR4 SDRAM):

 DDR4 SDRAM Specification
 Manufacturer's Specifications (e.g., Corsair, Kingston, Crucial)

Storage (SSD - PCIe NVMe 4.0):

 SSD Interface Comparison
 Manufacturer's Specifications (e.g., Samsung 980 Pro, Western Digital SN850)

Graphics Processing Unit (NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3080):

 NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3080 Product Page
 NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3080 Datasheet

Benchmarking Software:
 PassMark PerformanceTest
 AIDA64
 CrystalDiskMark
 3DMark

Operating System and Driver Updates:

 Windows Update
 Graphics Driver Updates (e.g., NVIDIA GeForce Experience, AMD Radeon Software)