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Full Download Book Circuit Theory and Networks Analysis and Synthesis PDF
Full Download Book Circuit Theory and Networks Analysis and Synthesis PDF
Ravish R Singh
Director
Thakur Ramnarayan College of Arts and Commerce
Mumbai, Maharashtra
Information contained in this work has been obtained by McGraw Hill Education (India), from sources believed to be reliable. However,
neither McGraw Hill Education (India) nor its authors guarantee the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein, and
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information. This work is published with the understanding that McGraw Hill Education (India) and its authors are supplying information
but are not attempting to render engineering or other professional services. If such services are required, the assistance of an appropriate
professional should be sought.
Typeset at APS Compugraphics, 4G, PKT 2, Mayur Vihar Phase-III, Delhi 96, and printed at
Cover Printer:
My Father
and
My Mother
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10.1 Introduction 10.1
10.2 Hurwitz Polynomials 10.1
10.3 Positive Real Functions 10.16
10.4 Elementary Synthesis Concepts 10.24
10.5 Realisation of LC Functions 10.30
10.6 Realisation of RC Functions 10.47
10.7 Realisation of RL Functions 10.63
Exercises 10.72
Objective-Type Questions 10.74
Answers to Objective-Type Questions 10.76
������������� ��.1
11.1 Introduction 11.1
11.2 Classification of Filters 11.1
11.3 T-Network 11.1
11.4 �-Network 11.4
11.5 Characteristic of Filters 11.6
11.6 Constant-k Low Pass Filter 11.7
11.7 Constant-k High-pass Filter 11.14
11.8 Band-pass Filter 11.18
11.9 Band-stop Filter 11.22
11.10 Terminating Half Sections 11.25
Exercises 11.27
Objective-Type Questions 11.27
Answers to Objective-Type Questions 11.28
���������xi
�����������������������������������������������������������
���������
Circuit Theory and Networks (May 2018) A.1–A.14
Circuit Theory and Networks (December 2017) A.15–A.27
Electrical Network Analysis and Synthesis (May 2018) A.28–A.35
Electrical Network Analysis and Synthesis (December 2017) A.36–A.51
Index I.1
�������
Overview
Circuit Theory and Networks (Analysis and Synthesis) is an important subject for third-semester students of
of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering and Electronics Engineering. With lucid and brief theory,
this textbook provides thorough understanding of the topics of this subject. Following a problem-solving
approach and discussing both analysis and synthesis of networks, it offers good coverage of dc circuits,
network theorems, two-port networks, and network synthesis.
Generally, numerical problems are expected in university examinations in this subject. The weightage
given to problems in examinations is more than 70–80%. Questions from important topics of this subject
are part of competitive examinations such as IAS, IES, etc. Hence, numerous solved examples and exercise
problems are included in each chapter of this book to help students develop and master problem-solving
skills required to ace any examination with confidence. Objective-type questions from various competitive
examinations are also included at the end of each chapter for easy revision of core concepts.
Salient Features
� Up-to-date and full coverage of the latest syllabus of University of Mumbai
� Covers both analysis and synthesis of networks
� Uses problem-solving approach to explain topics
� Lucid coverage of network theorems, transient analysis, two-port networks, network synthesis
� Extensively supported by illustrations
� Examination-oriented excellent pedagogy:
� Illustrations: 1500+
� Solved Examples within chapters 539
� Unsolved Problems: 195
� Objective Type Questions: 130
Chapter Organisation
This text is organised into 11 chapters. Chapter 1 covers basic circuit elements and laws comprising networks.
Chapter 2 elucidates DC network theorems while AC network theorems are covered in Chapter 3. Chapter
4 discusses about magnetic circuits. Further, Chapter 5 discusses the concepts of graph theory. Chapters 6
and 7 elaborate upon transient analysis in time domain and frequency domain, respectively. Chapters 8 and
9 cover network functions and two-port networks. Chapter 10 deals with network synthesis. Lastly, Chapter
11 describes filters.
Acknowledgements
My acknowledgements would be incomplete without a mention of the contribution of my family members. I
feel indebted to my father and mother for their lifelong inspiration. I also send a heartfelt thanks to my wife Nitu;
son Aman; and daughter Aditri, for always motivating and supporting me during the preparation of the project.
I appreciate the support extended by the team at McGraw Hill Education (India), especially Hemant K Jha,
xiv�Preface
Navneet Kumar, Satinder Singh Baveja, Anuj Shrivastava and Jagriti Kundu during the editorial, copyediting
and production stages of this book.
Suggestions for improvements will always be welcome.
Ravish R Singh
����������������
Remember to write to us. We look forward to receiving your feedback, comments, and ideas to enhance the
quality of this book. You can reach us at info.india@mheducation.com. Please mention the title and authors’
name as the subject. In case you spot piracy of this book, please do let us know.
Roadmap to the Syllabus
(As per latest revised syllabus of University of Mumbai)
This text is useful for
Circuit Theory and Networks—ECC304
GO TO:
CHAPTER 1. BASIC CIRCUIT CONCEPTS
CHAPTER 2. ANALYSIS OF DC CIRCUITS
GO TO:
CHAPTER 5. GRAPH THEORY
3.3 Frequency Domain Analysis: Frequency-domain representation of R, L, C, initial value theorem and
final value theorem, applications of Laplace Transform in analyzing electrical circuits
GO TO:
CHAPTER 6. TIME DOMAIN ANALYSIS OF RLC CIRCUITS
CHAPTER 7. FREQUENCY DOMAIN ANALYSIS OF RLC CIRCUITS
GO TO:
CHAPTER 8. NETWORK FUNCTIONS
GO TO:
GO TO:
CHAPTER 10. SYNTHESIS OF RLC CIRCUITS
������������������������xvii
GO TO:
CHAPTER 1. BASIC CIRCUIT CONCEPTS
CHAPTER 2. ANALYSIS OF DC CIRCUITS
GO TO:
CHAPTER 3. ANALYSIS OF AC CIRCUITS
CHAPTER 4. MAGNETIC CIRCUITS
GO TO:
CHAPTER 6. TIME DOMAIN ANALYSIS OF RLC CIRCUITS
CHAPTER 7. FREQUENCY DOMAIN ANALYSIS OF RLC CIRCUITS
CHAPTER 8. NETWORK FUNCTIONS
xviii�Roadmap to the Syllabus
GO TO:
CHAPTER 9. TWO-PORT NETWORKS
GO TO:
CHAPTER 10. SYNTHESIS OF RLC CIRCUITS
Module 6: Filters
6.1 Basic Filter Circuits: Low pass, high pass, band pass and band stop filters, transfer function, frequency
response, cut-off frequency, bandwidth, quality factor, attenuation constant, phase shift, characteristic
impedance.
6.2 Design and Analysis of Filters: Constant K filters
GO TO:
CHAPTER 11. FILTERS
1 Basic Circuit
Concepts
�1.1����������������
We know that like charges repel each other whereas unlike charges attract each other. To overcome this force
of attraction, a certain amount of work or energy is required. When the charges are separated, it is said that a
potential difference exists and the work or energy per unit charge utilised in this process is known as voltage
or potential difference.
The phenomenon of transfer of charge from one point to another is termed current. Current (I) is defined as
the rate of flow of electrons in a conductor. It is measured by the number of electrons that flow in unit time.
Energy is the total work done in the electric circuit. The rate at which the work is done in an electric circuit
is called electric power. Energy is measured in joules (J) and power in watts (W).
�1.2�������������
Resistance is the property of a material due to which it opposes the flow of electric current through it.
Certain materials offer very little opposition to the flow of electric current and are called conductors, e.g.,
metals, acids and salt solutions. Certain materials offer very high resistance to the flow of electric current and
are called insulators, e.g., mica, glass, rubber, Bakelite, etc.
The practical unit of resistance is ohm and is represented by the symbol �. A conductor is said to have
resistance of one ohm if a potential difference of one volt across its terminals causes a current of one ampere
to flow through it.
The resistance of a conductor depends on the following factors.
(i) It is directly proportional to its length.
(ii) It is inversely proportional to the area of cross section of the conductor.
(iii) It depends on the nature of the material.
(iv) It also depends on the temperature of the conductor.
Hence,
l
R�
A
l
R��
A
where l is length of the conductor, A is the cross-sectional area and � is a constant known as specific resistance
or resistivity of the material.
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to say, while thus setting the law at defiance, he obtained a certain
steady amount of countenance and protection from both of the great
Campbell chiefs, Argyle and Breadalbane. The government made an
effort to impose a check upon his career by planting a little fort at
Inversnaid;[450] but Rob Roy, nevertheless, continued in his lawless
course of life. On the side of Loch Lomond, 1712.
near Inversnaid, there is a cave formed by a
flexure in the stratification of the mountain: here Rob occasionally
took refuge when hard pressed. It is curious to reflect that this
strange exemplification of predatory life was realised in a not very
remote part of our island, in the days when Addison and Pope were
regaling the refined people of London with the productions of their
genius. Rob is described as a short, robust man, with bushy hair and
beard, and legs covered so thickly with red hair as to resemble those
of a Highland bull. His cognomen ‘Roy’ expresses his ruddy
complexion. It is admitted that, amidst his wild life, he was not
without humanity or feeling for the unfortunate, and, what is
perhaps more strange, that he was a sagacious and politic sort of
person, who never would go into any quarrel or contention which
was not likely to result in some practical benefit or advantage. It was
probably owing to this cool temperament, that, though he mustered
a body of clansmen for the Stuart cause in 1715, he yet stood neutral
at the battle of Sheriffmuir, alike afraid to offend King James, on the
one hand, and his patron, the Duke of Argyle, on the other.
Adding, in the Horatian spirit which marked him all through life:
‘Sed fuerint nulli, forsan, quos spondeo, coeli,
Nullaque sint Ditis numina, nulla Jovis;
· · · · ·
‘My Dear—I left Edinr upon fryday the 29th of the last. Dean of [Guild] Allane
nor your sister either durst venture to travell to Glasgow with [me], on account of
the season, but said that Mr Bell, Lisis younge husband, was there, whom Dean of
Guild Allane had trusted with any business that could bee done for him. I called at
Lithkow and saw Lissie, who was very kinde, was at Kilsyth all that night, came to
Glasgow the next day, beeing Saturday, at twelve of the clock, and at two of the
clock that day went down to the chesting of your father. He was buried yesterday
att four a clock afternoon, beeing Monday the first instant, very devoutlie and
honourablie, for Blythswood had ordered all things proper and suitable to a nicety.
All the gentlemen in the place, the magistrates, and the citiezens of best esteem
and substance, accompanied the funerall in very good order. I carried his head,
Blythswood on my right, and Alex. Bell, Lissies husband, on my left hand; other
nerest relations and Sr James Campbell of Auchinbrook carried all the way. After
the funerall, there was prepared in the large room of the Coffee-house a very
handsome and genteele treat, to wh the Magistrates and Gentlemen and friends
were invited. The treat consisted of confections, sweet breads, and bisket of divers
sorts, very fine and well done, and wines. There were at it upwards of thirtie. Wee
are this day to look to his papers in presence of Bailie Bowman and town-clark,
wherof you shall have account of after this. I have sent a letter to Sir Robert Pollock
just now, whose answer I will wait. I am like to stay five days after this here, and
the time I may stay in Edir depends on my success from Sir Rot Pollock. In the
mean time let Robie[466] be making himself ready, for his master told Dean of
Guild that he thought he would bee readie to saill about the middle of this instant.
When I come to Edr I shall know whither it will be needfull to send for him before I
come home myselfe or not. I recommend you all to the protection of God, and am,