GOALS.

National Goal: The national goal related to the specialization of farmers in cereals production
(paddy and maize) in Morogoro could be to enhance food security and self-sufficiency by
increasing the production and productivity of these key cereal crops. This goal may also aim to
improve the livelihoods of farmers in the region through increased income generation and
employment opportunities.

International Goals: The international goals may align with broader global agendas such as the
United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Specifically, the goals related to zero
hunger (SDG 2) and sustainable agriculture (SDG 12) could be relevant in this context. The
specialization of farmers in cereals production can contribute to achieving these goals by
ensuring adequate and sustainable food production, reducing hunger, and promoting responsible
agricultural practices.

African Goal: At the continental level, the African Union's Agenda 2063 emphasizes the need to
transform Africa's agriculture and achieve food security and prosperity for its people. The
specialization of farmers in cereals production, including paddy and maize, in Morogoro aligns
with this goal by focusing on improving agricultural productivity, promoting value chains, and
enhancing food self-sufficiency within the African context.

Research topic : specialization of farmers in cereals production especially paddy and maize
in Morogoro

Research Problem:

The research problem focuses on the specialization of farmers in cereals production, specifically
paddy and maize, in Morogoro. The problem may revolve around the challenges, benefits, and
potential drawbacks associated with farmers specializing in these two crops, considering factors
such as market demand, profitability, resource allocation, and sustainability.
Analytical Quadrant:
The Negative and Must Change
The Proposed to Address the
Problem
The Good and Should Continue
The Downside of the New
Proposal
Identify the potential negative aspects or challenges
associated with the specialization of farmers in cereals
production (paddy and maize) in Morogoro that need to be
addressed. This could include issues such as market
volatility, limited crop diversity, environmental sustainability
concerns, or inequitable access to resources or markets.
Suggest strategies and interventions to mitigate the identified
challenges. This could involve promoting crop
diversification alongside specialization, implementing
sustainable farming practices, improving market linkages and
infrastructure, providing training and support to farmers, or
implementing policies that ensure equitable access to
resources and markets.
Highlight the positive aspects and benefits of the
specialization of farmers in cereals production (paddy and
maize) in Morogoro. This could include increased
productivity and yields, improved economies of scale,
enhanced market opportunities, higher income generation for
farmers, and improved food security at local, national, and
potentially regional levels.
Acknowledge and address the potential downsides or risks
associated with implementing the proposed solutions or
changes. This could involve considering the social,
economic, and environmental impacts of specialization,
potential market vulnerabilities, the need for adaptive
management strategies, and any unintended consequences
that may arise. It is important to carefully assess and manage
these risks to ensure the sustainability and long-term viability
of the specialization approach.
LINEAR THINKING APPROACH

Wicked problem; Specialization of farmers in cereals production especially paddy and maize in
Morogoro.

PRODUVTITY

MARKET DEMAND

PROFITABILITY

FARMERS INCOME

LIVING STANDARD

HEALTH

SPECIALIZATION
 SYSTEM THINKING APPROACH

Wicked problem; Specialization of farmers in cereals production especially paddy and maize in
Morogoro

RISK and VULNERABILITY EMPLOYMENT GDP

MARKET DEMAND INFRASTRUCTURE

PRODUVTIVITY

PROFITABILITY

FARMERS INCOME

SPECIALIZATION

FOOD SECURITY

HEALTH

LIVING STANDARD
ZERO HUNGER
Objective:

General Objective:

To investigate the specialization of farmers in paddy and Maize production in Morogoro and its
implications.

Specific Objectives:

a) To identify the factors influencing farmers' specialization in paddy and Maize production.

b) To assess the economic viability and profitability of specialized cereals production.

c) To examine the impact of specialization on resource allocation and sustainability in the

agriculture sector in Morogoro.

Research Assumptions:

a) Farmers in Morogoro specialize in paddy and Maize production due to perceived advantages
in terms of market demand and profitability.

b) Specialization in cereals production may lead to potential challenges, such as increased

vulnerability to market fluctuations and reduced crop diversity.

c) Specialized farmers allocate their resources differently compared to diversified farmers,

focusing more on inputs specific to paddy and Maize production.

d) The specialization of farmers in cereals production has both positive and negative implications
for the agriculture sector in Morogoro.

Research Hypotheses:

a) Farmers in Morogoro specialize in paddy and Maize production due to higher market demand
and potential profitability compared to other crops.

b) Specialized farmers experience higher financial returns and profitability compared to

diversified farmers.

c) Specialization in cereals production leads to imbalanced resource allocation, with farmers

allocating resources disproportionately to paddy and Maize production.
d) The specialization of farmers in cereals production positively impacts productivity and
efficiency in the agriculture sector, but it may also have negative implications for biodiversity
and sustainability.

Research Questions:

a) What are the key factors that contribute to farmers specializing in paddy and Maize production
in Morogoro?

b) What is the economic viability and profitability of specialized cereals production in the
region?

c) How does specialization in cereals production affect resource allocation and sustainability in
the agriculture sector in Morogoro?

Variables:

Independent Variable: Specialization in cereals production (Specifically paddy and Maize).

Dependent Variables:

a) Factors influencing farmers' specialization in paddy and Maize production (productivity

measured by yield per unit area, Market demand of paddy and maize)

b) Economic viability and profitability of specialized cereals production. (Measured as the

difference between the total gain “revenue” and total cost of producing cereals crops )

c) Resource allocation and sustainability in the agriculture sector.