Motion

Motion - 3M

Worksheet Name: 3m Standard: 9th Subject: Science

Q1. Look at the figure below and answer the following questions:

1. Name the kind of motion of the stone.

2. It this an example of accelerated motion? Why?
3. Name the force that keeps the stone in its path.
4. What is the direction of this force? Draw it in your answer sheet.
Ans:
1. The motion is circular motion.
2. Because the direction of velocity keeps on changing that is why the motion have acceleration but a constant one. So the motion is
uniformly accelerated motion.
3. Centripetal force.
4. The direction of the centripetal acceleration is towards the centre.
Q2. The displacement of a moving object in a given interval of time is zero. Would the distance travelled by the object also be zero?
Justify you answer.
Ans:
When the displacement is zero, it does not mean that distance is also zero. Displacement can be zero when the moving object comes
back to its original position. Displacement is either equal to or less than distance but distance travelled is always more than zero.
Q3. Fig shows the distance-time graph of three objects A, B and C. Study the graph and answer the following questions:

1. Which of the three is travelling the fastest?

2. Are all three ever at the same point on the road?
3. How far has C travelled when B passes A?
4. How far has B travelled by the time it passes C?
Ans:
1. Object B
2. No
3. 5.714km
4. 5.143km
1. Speed = Distance

Time
y-axis
Slope of graph = x-axis
=
Distance

Time

Therefore, Speed = slope of the graph.

Since slope of object B is greater than objects A and C, it is travelling the fastest.
2. All three objects A, B and C never meet at a single point. Thus, they were never at the same point on road.
3.

7 square box = 4km

∴ 1 square box =
4
km
7
 C is 4 blocks away from origin therefore initial distance of C from origin
Distance of C from origin when B passes A = 8km
Thus, Distance travelled by C when B passes A
16
= 8 −
7

(56−16)
=
7
​
40
= = 5.714km
7

4.
Distance travelled by B by the time it passes C = 9 square boxes
4 36
9 × = = 5.143km
7 7

Q4. A car acquires a velocity of 72km per hour in 10 seconds starting from rest. Find:
1. The acceleration.
2. The average velocity.
3. The distance travelled in this time.
Ans:
Initial velocity, u = 0m/s
Final velocity, v = 72km/h = 20m/s
Time, t = 10s
1. Acceleration =
Final velocity-Initial velocity

time taken

So, a = v-u

t
20−0 20 2 2
= = m/s = 2m/s
10 10

2. Average velocity =
Initial velocity+Final velocity

Average velocity =
0+20 20
= m/s = 10m/s
2 2

3. Distance travelled = Average velocity × Time

= 10m/s × 10s = 100m

Q5. A cheetah starts from rest, and accelerates at 2m/s2 for 10 seconds. Calculate:
The distance travelled.
Ans:
Intial velocity, u = 0m/s
Final velocity, v = ?
Acceleration, a = 2m/s2
Time, t = 10s
Distance travelled is:
1 2
s = ut + at
2
1
s = 0 × 10 + × 2 × 10 × 10
2

s = 0 + 100 = 100m

Q6. A bus was moving with a speed of 54km/h. On applying brakes it stopped in 8 seconds. Calculate the acceleration.
Ans:
Initial velocity, u = 54km/h = 15m/s
Final velocity, v = 0m/s
Time, t = 8s
Acceleration, a = ?
v-u
a =
t
0−15 −15 2 2
= = m/s = −1.875m/s
8 8

Q7. What is the value of acceleration in the following graph:

Ans:
 According to the graph the object is in a non-uniform motion as it is continuously retarding.
In this graph
time = 40sec
initial velocity = u = 50m/s
final velocity = v = 0m/s
(v−u)
so acceleration = a = t

(0−5)
=
40
50
= −
40
5 2
= − = 1.25m/s
4

Q8. A car is moving on a straight road with uniform acceleration. The speed of the car varies with time as follows:
Time (s) 0 2 4 6 8 10
Speed (m/s) 4 8 12 16 20 24

Draw the speed-time graph by choosing a convenient scale. From this graph:
1. Calculate the acceleration of the car.
2. Calculate the distance travelled by the car in 10 seconds.
Ans:
​We have a velocity-time graph of a moving particle.

1. We have to find the acceleration from the given graph.

Acceleration = slope of line
(12−4) 2 2
= m/s = 2m/s
4−0

2. Distance travelled by the car is given by the area enclosed by the curve.
(Sum of parallel sides)(Height)
s =
2
(4+24)(10)
= m
2

= 140m

Q9. Define the term ‘uniform acceleration’. Give one example of a uniformly accelerated motion.
Ans:
A body has uniform acceleration if it travels in a straight line and its velocity increases by equal amounts in equal intervals of time.
For example: A freely falling body has uniform acceleration.

Q10. If a car travels 50m distance in 4s with a acceleration of 5m/s2, then what was its initial speed?
Ans:
Simple method would be to use S = ut + at
1 2

2
(v−u)
a =
t
(v−u)
5 =
4

(v − u) = 20 … (1)

third equation of motion, v² = u² + 2as

v² - u² = 2as
(v + u)(v - u) = 2 × 5 × 50
(v + u) × 20 = 10 × 50 (using eq 1)
v + u = 25 …(2)
subtract eq2-eq1,
v + u - v + u = 25 - 20
2u = 5
u = 2.5
Thus intial velocity is 2.5m/s it would be wise to use this method when calculations is lengthy or we have to find intial and final
velocity.

Q11. A motorcyclist drives from A to B with a uniform speed of 30km h–1 and returns back with a speed of 20km h–1. Find its average
speed.
Ans:
 Let AB = x, so t 1 =
x

30
and t 2 =
x

20

Total time = t 1 + t2 =
5x

60
h.

Average speed for entire journey = Total distance

Total tome
=
2x
5x
= 24km h
−1

60

Q12. A driver of a car travelling at 52km/ h−1 applies the brakes and accelerates uniformly in the opposite direction. The car stops in
5s. Another driver going at 3km/ h−1 in another car applies his brakes slowly and stops in 10s. On the same graph paper, plot
the speed versus time graphs for the two cars. Which of the two cars travelled farther after the brakes were applied?
Ans:
As given in the figure below PR and SQ are the Speed-time graph for given two cars with initial speeds 52km/ h−1 and 3 km/
h−1 respectively.

Distance Travelled by first car before coming to rest = Area of △OPR

1
= ( ) × OR × OP
2

1 −1
= ( ) × 5s × 52 km/ h
2

1 52×1000
= ( ) × 5 × ( )m
2 3600

1 130
= ( ) × 5 × ( )m
2 9

325
= m
9

= 36.11m

Distance Travelled by second car before coming to rest = Area of △OSQ

1
= ( ) × OQ × OS
2

1 −1
= ( ) × 10s × 3 km/ h
2

1 3×1000
= ( ) × 10 × ( )m
2 3600

1 5
= ( ) × 10 × ( )m
2 6

5
= 5 × ( )m
6

25
= m
6

= 4.16m

Q13. Define acceleration and state its SI unit. For motion along a straight line, when do we consider the acceleration to be:
1. Positive.
2. Negative? Give an example of a body in uniform acceleration.
Ans:
1. Acceleration is the rate of the measure of the change in the velocity of the moving object per unit time. Si unit is ms-2 = m/s2
1. If the object moving along the line is positive. same direction.
2. If the object is moving in the opposite way it is negative. opposite direction.
2. The motion of a freely moving body is the example of uniform acceleration.

Q14. A cheetah starts from rest, and accelerates at 2m/s2 for 10 seconds. Calculate:
The final velocity.
Ans:
Intial velocity, u = 0m/s
Final velocity, v = ?
Acceleration, a = 2m/s2
Time, t = 10s
Using, v = u + at
v = 0 + 2 × 10 = 20m/s.

Q15. The speed-time graph of an ascending passenger lift is given alongside.

What is the acceleration of the lift:
 1. During the first two seconds?
2. Detween second and tenth second?
3. During the last two seconds?
Ans:
1. We have to find the acceleration from the given graph.
Acceleration = slope of line AB
(4.6−0) 2
= m/s
(2−0)

2
= 2.3m/s

2. Between second and tenth second, it represents uniform speed, so, acceleration acting on the lift is zero.
3. During the last two seconds, it represents retardation of the lift, so its acceleration is (-2.3m/s2).
Q16. Find the initial velocity of a car which is stopped in 10 seconds by applying brakes. The retardation due to brakes is 2.5m/s2.
Ans:
Initial velocity, u = ?
Final velocity, v = 0m/s (car is stopped)
Retardation, a = -2.5m/s2
Time, t = 10s
v = u + at
0 = u + (-2.5) x 10
u = 25m/s
Q17. An object starting from rest travels 20m in the first 2s and 160m in next 4s. What will be the velocity after 7s from the start?
Ans:
According to question find the velocity
Given, object starts from rest, u = 0, t = 2s and s = 20m
From second equation of motion,
1 2
s = ut + at
2

On putting u = 0 in above equation

1 2
20 = 0 × 2 + × a(2)
2
1
= 0 + × a × 4
2

20 = 2a
20
⇒ a
2
2
⇒ a = 10m/s

Now, from first equation of motion, velocity after 7s from the start
v = u + at
= 0 + 10 × 7 = m/s.

Q18. The velocity-time graph shows the motion of a cyclist. Find

1. Its acceleration
2. Its velocity and
3. The distance covered by the cyclist in 15 seconds.

Ans:
1. From the graph, it is clear that velocity is not changing with time i.e., acceleration is zero. (As a = dv

dt
+ dv = 0)

2. Again from the graph, we can see that there is no change in the velocity with time, so velocity after 15s will remain same as
20ms_1
3. Distance covered in 15s = velocity × Time = 20 × 15 = 300m ∵ Time = Distence

Speed
Q19. Describe the motion of a body which is accelerating at a constant rate of 10ms-2. If the body starts from rest, how much
distance will it cover in 2s?
Ans:
The velocity of this body is increasing at a rate of ’10 metres per second’ every second.
Initial velocity, u = 0m/s
Time, t = 2s
Acceleration, a = 10m/s2
Using, s = ut + at 1

2
2

1
= 0 × 2 + × 10 × 2 × 2
2

= 0 + 20 = 20m

Q20. Derive the formula: v = u + at, where the symbols have usual meanings.
Ans:
Consider a body having initial velocity 'u'. Suppose it is subjected to a uniform acceleration 'a' so that after time 't' its final velocity
becomes 'v'. Now, from the definition of acceleration we know that:
Acceleration =
Change in velocity

Time taken

Or Acceleration =
Final velocity-Initial velocity

time taken

So, a =
v-u

at = v-u

and, v = u+at
Where,
v = final velocity of the body
u = intial velocity of the body
a = acceleration
and t = time taken

Q21. An ant travels a distance of 8cm from P to Q and then moves a distance of 6cm at right angles to PQ. Find its resultant
displacement.
Ans:
We have to find the resultant displacement from the given diagram:

we have:
PQ = 8cm and QR = 6cm
Resultant displacement:
2 2
PR = √PQ + QR

= √64 + 36

= √100

= 10cm

The direction of this displacement is from P to R. f If θ is the angle made by PR with PQ then,
RQ
tan θ =
PQ

−1
⇒ tan θ 0.5625
∘
⇒ θ = 29.36

This is the angle made by the resultant with PQ.

Q22. Given alongside is the velocity-tine graph for a moving body:

Find:
1. Velocity of the body at point C.
2. Acceleration acting on the body between A and B.
 3. Acceleration acting on the body between B and C.
Ans:
1. BC represents uniform velocity. So velocity of the body at point C is 40km.
2. Acceleration = Slope of line AB
(40−20) 2
= km/hr
3−0
2
= 6.66km/hr

3. BC represents uniform velocity, so, acceleration acting on the body is zero.

Q23. A cyclist is travelling at 15ms-1. She applies brakes so that she does not collide with a wall 18m away. What deceleration must
she have?
Ans:
Initial velocity, u = 15m/s
Final velocity, v = 0m/s
Distance, s = 18m
Acceleration, a = ?
using relation, v − u = 2as 2 2

2 2
0 − (15) = 2a × 18

−225 = 36a
−225 2
a = = −6.25m/s
36

So, deceleration is 6.25m/s2.

Q24. Find the total displacement of the body from the following graph:

Ans:
The given graph is velocity time graph so its area will give displacement of object.
from 0 to 2,
displacement = × 2 × 5 1

= 5m
from 2 to 6s,
displacement = 4 × 5
= 20m
from 6 to 8s,
displacement = 2 × 5 + 1

2
× 2 × 5

= 15m
Since area from 8 to 10s is same so,
displacement = 15m
Total displacement = 5 + 20 + 15 + 15
= 55m

Q25. A train travelling at 20ms-1 accelerates at 0.5ms-2 for 30s. How far will it travel in this time?
Ans:
Initial velocity, u = 20m/s
Time, t = 30s
Acceleration,
a = 0.5m/s2
Distance travelled is:
1 2
s = ut + at
2
1
s = 20 × 30 + × 0.5 × 30 × 30
2

s = 600 + 225 = 825m

Q26. A car starts from rest and moves along the x-axis with constant acceleration 5m s–2 for 8 seconds. If it then continues with
constant velocity, what distance will the car cover in 12 seconds since it started from the rest?
Ans:
The distance travelled in first 8s, x = 0 + (5)(8) = 160m.
1 2
1
2

At this point the velocity v = u + at = 0 + (5 × 8) = 40m s −1

 Therefore, the distance covered in last four seconds, x = (40 × 4)m = 160m 2

Thus, the total distance x = x + x = (160 + 160)m = 320m

1 2

Q27. Derive the formula: s = ut + 1

2
at ,
2
where the symbols have usual meanings.
Ans:
Suppose a body has an initial velocity 'u' and a uniform acceleration' a' for time 't' so that its final velocity becomes 'v'. Let the
distance travelled by the body in this time be 's'. The distance travelled by a moving body in time 't' can be found out by considering
its average velocity. Since the initial velocity of the body is 'u' and its final velocity is 'v', the average velocity is given by.

Q28. Given below is the velocity-time graph for the motion of the car. What does the nature of the graph show? Also, find the
acceleration of the car.

Ans:
The nature of the graph shows that velocity changes by equal amounts in equal intervals of time. For
a uniformly accelerated motion, velocity-time graph is always a straight line.
As we know, acceleration is equal to the slope of the graph.
AB
a =
AC
v2 −v2
a =
t2 −t1
−1
(10.0−7.5)ms
∴ a =
(20−15)s
−1
25ms
a =
5s

−2
a = 0.5ms

Q29. An object starting from rest travels 20m in first 2s and 160m in next 4s. What will be the velocity after 7s from the start.
Ans:
at or 20 = 0 + a(2) or a = 10ms
1 2 1 2 −1
s = ut +
1 ,
2 2
−1
v = u + at = 0 + (10 × 2) = 20ms

′ 1 ′ ′ 2 1 ′ ′ −2
s2 = 160 = ut + a (t ) = (20 × 4) + ( a × 16) ⇒ a = 10ms
2 2

Since acceleration is the same, we have v ′

= 0 + (10 × 7) = 70ms
−1

Q30. An athlete completes one round of a circular track of diameter 200m in 40s. What will be the distance covered and the
displacement at the end of 2 minutes 20s?
Ans:
Diameter of circular track (D) = 200m
Radius of circular track (r) =
200
= 100m
2

Time taken by the athlete for one round (t) = 40s

Distance covered by athlete in one round (s) = 2πr
22
= 2 × ( ) × 100
7

Speed of the athlete (v) = Distance/Time

(2×2200)
=
(7×40)

4400
= × 40
7

Therefore, Distance covered in 140 s = Speed (s) × Time(t)

4400
= × (2 × 60 + 20)
(7×40)

4400
= × 140
(7×40)

140
= 4400 × × 40
7

= 2200m

Number of round in 40s =1 round

Number of round in 140s =
140

40
1
= 3
2

After taking start from position X,the athlete will be at postion Y after 3 rounds as shown in figure. 1

2
 Hence, Displacement of the athlete with respect to initial position at,
x = xy
= Diameter of circular track
= 200m.

Q31. What is the difference between speed and velocity?

Ans:
1. Speed is a scalar quantity, whereas velocity is a vector quantity.
2. Speed of a body is the distance travelled by it per unit time, whereas the velocity of a body is the distance travelled by it per unit
time in a given direction.
3. Speed is always positive, while velocity can be both positive and negative, depending upon the direction.

Q32. Write three equations of uniformly accelerated motion. Also, state the symbols used
Ans:
Uniform acceleration: The motion is said to be uniformly accelerated motion if acceleration is constant. The equations of uniform
accelerated motion are given by:
v = u + at
1
S = ut + 2
2at

2 2
v + u = 2as

Where:
U is initial velocity
V is final velocity
S is displacement
a is uniform acceleration
t is time.

Q33. Write the formula to calculate the speed of a body moving along a circular path. Give the meaning of each symbol which occurs
in it.
Ans:
The speed of a body moving along a circular path is given by the formula: v = 2πr

where, v = speed
π = 3.14 ( it is a constant)

r = radius of circular path

t = time taken for one round of circular path.

Q34. A ball is gently dropped from a height of 20m. If its velocity increases uniformly at the rate of 10m/ s-2, with what velocity will it
strike the ground? After what time will it strike the ground?
Ans:
Distance covered by the ball, s = 20m
Acceleration, a = 10m/ s2
Initially, velocity, u = 0 (since the ball was initially at rest)
Final velocity of the ball with which it strikes the ground, v
According to the third equation of motion:
v2 = u2 + 2 as
v2 = 0 + 2(10) (20)
v = 20m/ s
According to the first equation of motion:
v = u + at
Where,
Time, t taken by the ball to strike the ground is,
20 = 0 + 10(t)
t = 2s
Hence, the ball strikes the ground after 2s with a velocity of 20m/ s.

Q35. A cyclist is moving with a speed of 14m/s. He starts accelerating with a rate of 6m/s2 and acquired the speed of 18m/s.
Calculate, what distance did he move in acquiring that speed?
Ans:
V2 = u2 + 2as
V = final velocity
U = initial velocity
2=2
A = acceleration
S = distance (the missing value)
Substitute in values:
182 = 142 + 2 × 6 × s
Calculate:
324 = 196 + 12s
Rearrange:
12s = 324 − 196
128
S =
12

S = 10.66m

Q36. If a sprinter runs a distance of 100 metres in 9.83 seconds, calculate his average speed in km/h.
Ans:
Total distance travelled = 100m
Total time taken = 9.83 sec
Average speed = Total distance travelled

Total time taken

100
= = 10.172m/s
9.83

Averge speed in km/h: 10.172 × (

3600
) = 36.62km/h
1000

Q37. A bus is moving with a speed 72km/h can be stopped by brakes after at least 10m. What will be the minimum stopping
distance, if the same bus is moving at a speed of 144km/h?
Ans:
We have
v2 = u2 + 2as
Where, v is final velocity which is when the vehicle has stopped hence
v = 0m/s
u is initial velocity which is 72km/h or 20m/s
s is 10m
Therefore, the acceleration on the bus here is -20m/s which means it’s slowing down at that rate. If we assume that the breaking
force is constant and the mass of the bus is unchanged, this is the maximum deceleration the bus can produce, regardless of speed.
We look back at the equation of motion again, v2 = u2 + 2as where,
v = 0m/s
u = 144km/h or 40m/s
a = -20m/s
Hence s which is the braking distance is 40m.

Q38. A motorboat starting from rest on a lake accelerates in a straight line at a constant rate of 3.0m/ s−2 for 8.0s. How far does the
boat travel during this time?
Ans:
Initial velocity, u = 0 (since the motor boat is initially at rest)
Acceleration of the motorboat, a = 3m/ s2
Time taken, t = 8s
According to the second equation of motion:
1 2
s = ut + at
2

Distance covered by the motorboat, s

1 2
s = 0 + 3 × (8) = 96m
2

Hence, the boat travels a distance of 96m.

Q39. A body is moving uniformly in a straight line with a velocity of 5m/s. Find graphically the distance covered by it in 5 seconds.
Ans:
We have to calculate the distance travelled by the moving body whose speed time graph is given to us.
Distance travelled = Area of rectangle OABC
So, distance travelled,
= (OA) × (OC)= (5) × (5)m
= 25m
Q40. A body travels a distance of 3km towards East, then 4km towards North and finally 9km towards East.
1. What is the total distance travelled?
2. What is the resultant displacement?
Ans:
1. Total distance travelled = 3 + 4 + 9 = 16km
2. The body travels a total distance of 12km in east direction i.e. towards x-axis. And it travels a distance of 4km in North direction,
i.e. towards y-axis.
Hence, resultant displacement is:
2 2
= √12 + 4

= √144 + 16 = √160 = 12.6km

Q41. What is meant by the term ‘acceleration’ State the SI unit of acceleration.
Ans:
Acceleration of a body is defined as the rate of change of its velocity with respect to time. It is a vector quantity. The S.I. unit of
acceleration is (m/s2).

Q42. A motorcyclist drives from place A to B with a uniform speed of 30km h-1 and returns from place B to A with a uniform speed of
20km h-1. Find his average speed.
Ans:
Speed from A to B = 30km/h.
Let the distance from A and B be D.
Time taken to travel from A to B, T = 1
Distance travelled

Speed

D
T1 =
30

Speed taken B to A = 20km/h

Time taken to travel from B to A, T 2 =
Distance travelled

Speed
=
D

20

Total time taken, T = T1 + T2

D D D
= + =
30 20 12

Total distance from A to B and from B to A = 2D

Average speed = Total distance travelled
= = 24km/h
Total time taken
2D
D

12

Q43. Abdul, while driving to school, computes the average speed for his trip to be 20km h−1. On his return trip along the same route,
there is less traffic and the average speed is 30km h−1. What is the average speed for Abdul’s trip?
Ans:
Case I: While driving to school
Average speed of Abdul’s trip = 20km/ h
Average speed = Total distance

Total time taken

Total distance = Distance travelled to reach school = d

Let total time taken = t1
d
∴ 20 =
t1

d
t1 = . . . . (1)
20

Case II: While returning from school

Total distance = Distance travelled while returning from school = d
Now, total time taken = t2
d
30 =
t2

d
t2 = . . . . (2)
30
Total distance coverd in the trip
Average speed for Abdul's trip = Total time taken

Where,
Total distance covered in the trip = d + d = 2d
Total time taken, t = Time taken to go to school + Time taken to return to school
= t 1 + t2
∴ Average speed =
2d

t1 +t2

From equations (1) and (2),

 Average speed = d
2d
d
=
2
3+2
+
20 30 60

Average speed = 120

5
= 24m/s

Hence, the average speed for Abdul's trip is 24m/ s.

Q44. Draw a velocity versus time graph of a stone thrown vertically upwards and then coming downwards after attaining the
maximum height.
Ans:
When a stone is thrown upward, its velocity is at maximum. The velocity begins to drops as the stone attains height. Once the stone
attains the maximum height, velocity becomes zero. After that, stone begins to fall down. At this points, velocity beings to rise.
Velocity is at its maximum when the stone hits the ground.

Q45. Two stones are thrown vertically upwards simultaneously with their initial velocities u1 and u2 respectively. Prove that the
heights reached by them would be in the ratio of u : u (Assume upward acceleration is –g and downward acceleration to be
2
1
1
2

+g).
Ans:
2 2

We know for upward motion, or h =

2 2 u −v
v = u − 2gh
2g

But at highest point v = 0

2

Therefore, h = u

For first ball, h 1 = u1

2

2g
2
u
And for second ball, h 2 =
2g
2

2 1
u /2g u

Thus, or h
h1 1 1
2 2
= = 1 : h2 = u : u
h2 2 2 1 2
u /2g u
2 2