Transitive

Demands a direct object, someone/something to be

acted upon.
You're left asking, who? what?

My mother took me to church. My mother took.

Please bring coffee. Please bring.
Maya sent candy. Maya sent.
I'd like to cut back on candy. I'd like to cut back on look, seem, tastes, feel, become, am/are/is, was/were, been, being, have/has/had been, will be,
Linking etc.
Sometimes there may be an indirect object Links the subject to the noun or
before the direct obect I am a boy.
My mother gave me the book Transitive or intransitive adjective. Not an action verb.
Linking verbs are generally stative You look happy today. You look at the window all day. 'look' here is an action verb
me - IO, the book - DO
This feels strange. I feel the wind on my face.
Intransitive
Doesn't demand an object to be acted on. /
Makes senses without object.

The dog died. The dog died the floor.

Auxiliary
The boy went. The boy went the store. am, are, been, was, were, do, did, have, has.
aka helping verbs
verbs that change or help the main verb I am working. I have been working.
Both E.g., used with continuous and perfect I am cold. Here "am" is a linking verb
aspects
She smiled. She smiled a huge smile.
She sang. She sang a love song.

can, could, may, might, must, will, would, shall, should

Modal
Action A type of auxiliary verb that expresses I should've gone to the toilet earlier.
dynamic verbs/non-stative verb abilities, possibilities, permissions, and If I were uncomfortable I would speak up.
Express specific actions & used to indicate an action, obligations I might not be able to make it.
process, or sensation as opposed to a state.

Stative
Stative vs. Non-stative/action
Verbs
aka non-continuous (because they're often not used with the
Note that these
continuous tense)
I don't know the answer. NOT I'm not knowing the answer. categories are not Regular
exclusive of each other. Take on regular spelling patterns from base form to
Express state rather than action. simple past and past participle (add -ed)

thoughts and opinions: agree, believe, doubt, guess, imagine, know, mean,
Irregular vs.Regular
recognise, remember, suspect, think, understand
feelings and emotions: dislike, hate, like, love, prefer, want, wish
base | past simple | past participle
senses and perceptions: appear, be, feel, hear, look, see, seem, smell, taste
pass, passed, passed
cook, cooked, cooked
possession and measurement: belong, have, measure, own, possess, weigh. be am, was, were, being, been jump, jumped, jumped
Base/root form notice, noticed, noticed
write wrote, writing, written, rewrite,
A verb form that has not been conjugated
and do not include prefixes or suffixes. feel feeling, felt, unfeeling
Notice that some of these verbs could be action, linking, auxiliary. shake shook, shaking, shaken, unshaken
Depends on how they're used. Irregular
The chef is tasting the soup. Here 'tasting' is not stative, it's action. Phrasal verb Do NOT take on regular spelling patterns from base
Where as It tastes good. is stative. A verb + particle/s Bare infinitive form to simple past and past participle (add -ed)
The particle often changes the meaning of the Infinitive without "to". / base form but used as
verb. verbal
after certain verbs like bid, let, make, see,
Notice the difference in meaning hear, need, dare etc. base | past simple | past participle
Verb vs Phrasal verb
call vs call off
I heard him sing a lovely song. take, took, taken
came vs came up with I heard him sang a lovely song. be, am/is, was/were
look vs look over shut, shut, shut
I heard him to sing a lovely song. drink, drank, drunk
make vs make up for after modals: will, would, shall, should, may, might, can, write, write, written
could and must.
Different phrasal verbs using 'break'
You must obey my instructions. obeyed, to obey
break something down = divide into smaller parts
break in = force entry to a building after 'had better, would rather, sooner than and rather than.'
break up end a relationship You had better ask his permission. asked, to ask :
break out in something = develop a skin condition

Finite verbs
A verb form that
changes in accordance with subject
show's tense & aspect Non-finite verbs / VERBALS
A verb form that
DOESN'T change in accordance with subject. No
direct relation to subject.
Doesn't show tense nor aspect on its own.
Functions as a
noun - Gerund *ISN'T used as the action word in sentences.
According to subject - Robert plays. I play. They all play. A word formed from a verb but functioning as a
Do you care? Does she care? I think fishing is a lovely sport. different part of speech.
Jogging 3 miles a day is good for you.
The contractor was given a building.
According to tense & aspect His dream is having a big house.
Participles Infinitive form
A verb form that function as adjectives,
adverbs, or nouns.
to + base/root verb

We nailed the windows to prepare for the

storm. = adverbial infinitive

HINT: You can always identify an adverbial

Present participle
infinitive by inserting the test words "in
Used with an auxiliary to form a verb in the -ing Past participle order" in front of it.
continious aspect ed/en/t/d/n We nailed the windows (in order to) to
prepare for the storm.
I am fishing.
I have been fishing.
I was fishing. The first attempt to build the Panama Canal ended
I had been fishing. in failure. = adjectival infinitive
I will be fishing. Used with auxiliary to form a verb in
Functions as an adjective.
I will have been fishing. the perfect tense.
I refuse to watch it = nominal infinitive

Functions as an adjective/adjectival phrase A ruined city ..

A misspelled word ..
Functions as an adverb/adverbial phrase I have forgotten my books. | Present perfect
The drunken man ..
The rising bread smells delicious. I had fallen to the floor when...| Past perfect
The lost coin ...
My ears hurt from the deafening The glass was broken when I I ruined my shirt. | Verb in past simple; this is not past participle
noise. The man ate standing up. found it
The boiling water on the stove is She fell down, tumbling all the way to the
hot. bottom.
The boy, being crazy enough,
jumped out of the car.