Part 1: Structure

DIRECTIONS: This subset measures your ability to recognize language that is appropriate for
standard written English.
Items 1 – 20 are incomplete sentences. Beneath each sentence, you will see four words or phrases
marked A, B, C, and D. choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence, then choose the
letter corresponding to your answer.

1. Robert pleaded ____ his teacher to ask and give him a chance.
A. with B. to C. from D. in

2. Dorothy unnecessarily ______ a quarrel with Bryan and left the party immediately.
A. picked on B. picked out C. picked D. picked up

3. Foods rich in foliate, a form of vitamin B, _________ reduce the risk of stroke and heart
disease.
A. help B. helps C. helped D. is helping

4. The primordial purpose __________ schooling is ultimately to learn how to learn.

A. In B. for C. of D. at

5. A website is limited __________ you to other websites where you can access for more
information and discoveries.
A. until it is linking B. because it links
C. since it linked D. while it link

6. Mathematics ______ the most difficult subject in the exam.

A. remain B. remains
C. remaining D. has remains

7. The cost of a program being implemented is important ______ the feasibility prioritization of
the various concerns for it to be able to promote change.
A. Hence it looks into B. until it looks into
C. since it looks into D. because it looks into.

8. Filipinos are fortunate ____ the country has natural resources.

A. because B. hence
C. when D. despite

9. The term medical reversal refers to a replacement ______ that was widely believed to be
beneficial.
A. of a medical practice B. to a medical practice
C. by a medical practice D. with a medical practice

10. Over years, economic growth _______ of greater concern than environmental preservation.
A. has been B. have been
C. had been D. will have been
11. A history of depression, denial, injustice and abuse ________ the greatest detriment to
people of color.
A. has been B. had
C. have D. having

12. Theodore is drunk and drives recklessly, it seems he doesn’t care ______ his life at all.
A. about B. for
C. in D. at

13. _______ wiring is the cause of the sudden blackout.

A. lose B. losing
C. loose D. lost

14. ________ and rapid economic growth in recent years have put a large and increasing stress
on the water resources and environment in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
A. Increase population B. Increased population
C. increasing population D. Having increased population

15. ________should help you better informed about potential risks, but it should not be a source
of alarm.
A. Know your family history B. Knowing your family history
C. To have your family history known D. Having your family history known

16. The child was advised to stay away ________ because of trauma
A. Completed from his father B. Completely from his father
C. Completed with his father D. Completely with his father

17. It is observed that some new aspiring politicians usually make a ______ before running in
Congress with great hope of bringing changes in the system and progress in the country.
A. two – hour important decision
B. two – hours important decision
C. two hour important decisions
D. two hours important decisions

18. The happy children, __________, paraded in the busy streets in celebration of their school
foundation.
A. Majestic costumes
B. majestic costumed
C. majestically costumes
D. majestically costumed

19. Disaster preparedness and disaster reduction management are slowly being taught in
schools because of the _____ of floods, earthquakes and other natural calamities in the world.
A. continual increasing incident
B. continually increase incidence
C. continual increase incidents
D. continually increasing incidence

20. The legalization of divorce, until such time, has been __________ in our society.
A. A hotly-contested issue
B. the hot contested issue
C. A hotly-contesting issue
D. the hot contesting issue

Part 2 : WRITTEN EXPRESSION / FINDING ERRORS

DIRECTIONS: in items 1 – 30, each sentence is divided into four-parts mark A, B, C, and D.
Identify the one part that must be changed to make the sentence correct. Then choose the letter
corresponding to your answer.

1. A. Outside of written records

B. evidence of Philippines existence
C. have survived
D. in pottery relics.

2. A. In many cities around the world

B. the number of homeless people
C. have become
D. a big problem.

3. A. The man
B. gives antidote so powerful
C. that any poison was made harmless
D. after taking it.

4. A. Finance statements
B. are formal reports
C. prepared
D. by accountants.

5. A. The tale that was

B. told in a low and mystery voice
C. kept us on the
D. edge of seats

6. A. A team led by the government agency concerned

B. say that chemicals from the factory
C. had contaminated sediment in the bay
D. and entered the food chain

7. A. The Gleaning Network,

B. an organizer in the United Kingdom
C. is trying to reduce waste
D. and solve farming problem

8. A. In 1964,
B. the African countries of Tanganyaki and Zanziban
C. has united to form
D. a single country, now called Tanzania
9. A. As a mode of expository writing
B. the narrated writing offers writers
C. a chance to think and write
D. about themselves

10. A. The Philippines

B. has accommodations
C. to suit everyone
D. from five-star hotels to simple hotels.

11. A. The obligations of the accountant to the client

B. related upon the agreed scope
C. of the engagement which
D. in effect represents a contractual agreement

12. A. Many medications are safe and effective when taken alone
B. and ineffective or counter productive
C. when taken in combination
D. with something else

13. A. You should make sure

B. your body has get
C. the necessary vitamins and minerals
D. humans need

14. A. It is often said that

B. lightning never strike twice
C. at the same place
D. but it is not true.

15. A. Money is not a natural reward of love

B. That is why we called a man mercenary
C. If he marries a woman
D. For the sake of her money

16. A. Overcrowding of and within houses

B. is an unhealthful factor
C. which favor
D. the spread of many diseases

17. A. Sit cramped

B. for a very long period of time
C. in dry conditions
D. can affect our circulatory system.

18. A. The novel was so popular

B. among teenagers
C. to a point that a movie was made
D. base from the story.
19. A. If depression will not be given attention, it predisposes to hibernate and worse end his
life.
B. So, therefore, we should all create a consciousness to spot
C. Friends or family members who seem to be undergoing something
D. A listening ear, a warm hug or handshake matters most.

20. A. Mathematics are fun to learn

B. You should indulge yourself first into it by falling in love with the numbers
C. You will found out soon, you will have confidence and
D. Mathematics will just be easy for you.

21. A. I bought some

B. silver charming victorian
C. ornaments
D. at the flea market.

22. A. The most popular alumnae

B. of a barangay high school
C. is now serving as president
D. of a well-known state university in manila

23. A. Education is said to be functional

B. when it is transforming lives of the learners’
C. making meaningful contributions to the society
D. and accepting the existence of s Supreme being in their lives

24. A. The sudden demise of Ms. Gina Lopez created a large vacuum in the hearts of people
B. who admires her being a staunch supporter of the anti-mining and deforestation
C. she also had numerous foundations for the poor chickens
D. and programs that care for the environment

25. A. Before Richard Gomez became a popular actor in the local film industry,
B. he was a waiter at a certain pizza parlor
C. with his good looks, excel acting skills, diligence and perseverance, he rose to stardom for
several years
D. His life changed when he got married. He is the incumbent mayor in Ormoc City.

26. A. The navy contributes

B. to the protection of the environment and preservation of natural resources
C. by scuttle out cylindrical blocks
D. to serve as artificial reefs.

27. A. Costing more than $40 million and grossing $20 million in the first two weeks,
B. Pinocchio is one of the most expensive film
C. Made in Italy
D. To help put Rome back to the filmmakers’ maps

28. A. Unclean water and improper disposal of waste

B. can be carried highly communicable diseases
C. because of their injurious effects
D. to human life
 29. A. The failure of tree-planting project was due to the inconsistent reforestation program
B. haphazard community tree-planting schemes, and meddling practices of indifference
individuals
C. who reduced the anti-erosion fences
D. just to benefit their pasture land businesses

30. A. Any nation

B. that aspires to elevate morality
C. will have difficulty
D. stamp out prostitution.

Part 3: READING COMPREHENSION

DIRECTIONS: In this subtest you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions
about it. For items 1 - 60, you are to choose the one best answer, A, B, C, and D, to each question. Then
blacken the circle that corresponds to the letter of your choice in the Answer Sheet. Answer all
questions following a passage on the basis of what is started or implied in that passage.

Selection A (Items 1 – 5)

Studies have consistently pointed to at least three major immediate factors that push children to stay or live on
the streets. These are the poverty of the family, family relationship factors (physical or sexual abuse) and peer
influence. Poverty and peer influence when compounded with problems and stresses in the family life such as
family break-up, child abuses and neglect, domestic violence by step-parents, underemployed parents, etc.,
altogether create under pressure on the child to leave home and find solace, protection and support from the
peers on the street, eventually becoming susceptible to their influence and lifestyle.
In Metro Manila, population growth, urbanization and migration have increased through the years. Children are
often forced try circumstances to help their family eke out of living or tend for themselves on the streets. Most of
them are children of poor parents who migrated from rural areas in the hope of finding better job opportunities in
the city, but whose lack of education rendered them ill-equipped to struggle for survival in the urban jungle and
are thus curtained to a life of object poverty.
` For the street children, life on the streets are a constant struggle to overcome the various negative comments that
threaten to overtake them and destroy their hopes for survival. They work under the heat of the sun or in the dark of the
night from six to 10 hours, seven days a week, often in a combination of “occupations” each consolidating a legitimate way
to survive.

1. To “eke of living” means _____________.

A. To earn income. C. To sell in the streets
B. To live with others D. To work in the streets

2. Based on the selection, what values seems to be missing in the families of the street
children?
A. Loyalty C. Kindness
B. Honesty D. Solidarity

3. What is the most important factor that will equip rural people to survive in the city?
A. money C. food
B. education D. home
 4. The selection is simply about _____________.
A. providing homes for the poor
B. helping street children get an education
C. factors why children live in the streets
D. how to lessen pressure on the family
5. Based on the text, we can conclude that street children are _________.
A. Independent
B. Malnourished
C. Helpless persons
D. Victims of poverty
Selection B (Items 6 – 10)

A cat is a precision instrument – a perfectly engineered hunting machine, designed for stealth, capture and self-
defense. It has padded feet that make no sound and muscles of enormous power and bulk for the size. Its
bones are attached at energy-efficient angles that create a system of springs and levers perfect for bounding,
leaping and climbing. Its claws are sharper than those of any other mammal and can be withdrawn under
sheath-like pads where they escape injury and wear.

No teeth are better suited for hunting than those of the cat – great canines for tearing and scissor-like
premolars for shearing off bits of flesh small enough to swallow.

In the cat’s eye, the colored fibers of the iris respond immediately to light changed to permit exactness of vision
in all light conditions. In the darkness of night the iris contracts to widen the pupil and admit any trace of
available light. In the binding light of midday, the iris expands and the pupil shuts down to a thin vertical slit.

Except in white cats with blue eyes, a cat’s hearing is extremely acute. Each ear has twenty-seven muscles that
allow the cat to rotate the ear in all directions to collect sound. The cat’s reaction to sudden movement or
noise is so swift that it can usually escape threatening danger – and the little quarry passes unharmed

6. The word “quarry” as used in the last paragraph means ___________.

A. target C. hunter
B. hunted D. victim

7. Cats have acute hearing except the white cat with blue eyes which do not ________.
A. hear well C. see well
B. hunt well D. eat well

8. The sentence “The cat is a precision instrument” is a _______________.

A. hyperbole C. metaphor
B. simile D. irony

9. The selection is mainly about _________________.

A. how the cat differs from a dog
B. the cat as a hunting machine
C. how the cat is like a mammal
D. the cat as a house pet
10. We can conclude from the selection that the cat is an animal which can ________________.
A. do a lot of tricks
B. be domesticated
 C. be very dangerous
D. survive on its own

Selection C (Items 11 – 15)

In the light of social changes, we come to the question: What qualities should distinguish the educated
Filipino today? I venture to suggest that the educated Filipino should first be distinguished by the power to
do.
The oriental excels in reflective thinking he is a philosopher. The Occidental is a doer; he manages things,
men and affairs. The Filipino of today needs more of this power to translate reflection into action. I believe
that we are coming more to this power to translate reflection into action.
We are coming more likely to the conviction that no Filipino has the right to be considered educated unless he is
prepared to take an active and useful part in the work, life, and progress of our country as well as in the progress of
the world.

11. What is the best paraphrase of the last paragraph in the passage?
A. A truly educated Filipino participates actively in the work and progress of the country
and the world as a whole.
B. Participation in the work and progress of our country is sought by every Filipino
C. The country’s progress and advancement depend primarily on educated Filipino
D. To be considered educated, one has to be globally competitive and willing to take
risks.

12. As used in the selection, what does word “conviction” mean?

A. intellectual guess C. strong belief
B. verdict D. allegiance

13. What trait is found in most Orientals but needs to be deepened in Filipino?
A. action-oriented C. reflective thinker
B. patience D. good in managing

14. What is meant by this line?

“The oriental is a philosopher”
A. Oriental people have the blood of great philosophers
B. Oriental people are contemplative
C. They have a tendency to become philosophers
D. They think like Great Solomon.

15. What value is implied in the same passage above?

A. justice C. active involvement
B. courage D. hyperactivity
Selection D (Items 16 – 19)
Unique to Palawan is its mega diversity. For a long time, only the many ethnic communities that
thrive in these islands and a few other daring settlers who wanted to live in unpolluted surroundings
know Palawan’s bountiful resources, abundant wildlife and extraordinary natural beauty. The island
province first attracted foreign attention in the 1970’s when it became a United Nations Vietnamese
Refugee Center.
At this time, a disturbance in Kenya also saw the transport of endangered animals from its
savannas to the plains of Calauit island. However, it was only a sea accident in 1979 that
eventually led to the opening of Palawan into major tourist attraction.
According to a story, a tuna line disabled a dive boat’s propeller in the middle of the night forcing it to drop
anchor in an inlet. The following morning, the divers woke up with amazing scenery of skyscraping dark cliff.
 16. Which could be an appropriate title of the selection?
a. Palawan and it’s settlers
b. Palawan and it’s extraordinary natural beauty
c. El Nido in 1970’s
d. The discovery of El Nido

17. What does the word “diversity” in the first sentence mean?
a. Variety
b. Equality
c. Similarity
d. Distinction

18. It can be concluded from the selection that _______.

a. El Nido is a tourist spot
b. El Nido is a popular place
c. El Nido was discovered by a diver
d. El Nido has its amazing natural beauty

19. When did Palawan attracted foreign attention?

a. A disturbance in Kenya also saw the transport of endangered animals
b. Divers woke up with amazing scenery of skyscraping dark cliff
c. It became a United Nations Vietnamese Refugee Center
d. A tuna line disabled a dive boat’s propeller in the middle of the night

Selection E (Items 20 – 24)

A world without pasta seems inconceivable. Macaroni and cheese loving children across the US would howl
in protest; Italy might suffer a heart attack; social unrest could explode in china where noodles are the main
staple.
But if humans want to keep eating pasta, we will have to take much more aggressive action against global
warming. Pasta is made from wheat and a large growing body of scientific studies and real-world
observations suggest what wheat will be hit especially hard as temperatures rise and storms and drought
intensify in the years ahead.
Three grains- wheat, corn and rice account for most of the food that humans consume. All these are already
suffering from climate change, but wheat stands to fare the worst in the years ahead, for it is the grain most
vulnerable to high temperatures. That spells trouble not only for pasta but also for bread, the most basic food
of all.
International agricultural research centers and the private sector have woken up to the fact that higher
temperatures are almost inevitable and they have very little in their genetic toolbox to deal with them.
 20. The meaning of inconceivable in the first sentence of the passage must be _________.
a. Not imaginable c. Unable to conceive
b. Cannot happen d. No possibility

21. The passage emphasizes an alarming future scenario because __________.

a. Humans will take more aggressive action against global warming
b. China, where noodles are the main staple, could have social unrest
c. Macaroni and cheese loving children across the US would protest
d. Three significant grains, especially wheat may be lost to humans.

22. This passage entitled Pasta Crisis points out with urgency that ____________.
a. Higher temperatures are almost inevitable
b. Three grains are already suffering from climate change
c. More aggressive action against global warming is needed
d. Drought will intensify in the coming years

23. Another way of expressing the idea in the sentence” it is the grain most vulnerable to high
temperatures” is it is the grain ____________.
a. Most affected under intense heat
b. Likely to flourish when it gets warm
c. Strongly at risk in temperate areas
d. Inclined to wither if it gets very hot

24. The idea in the passage is develop using ___________.

a. Narration c. Description
b. Exposition d. Illustration

Selection F (Items 25 – 28)

he arts generally depend on ridiculous Region, but the theater is most ridiculous of all. Imagine asking us to
pretend that we are in Bangkok after the fall of Saigon and that Lea is a Vietnamese bar girl who kills
herself because she believes that suicide is the only solution to her problem. More than that, imagine
asking us to believe that and all other characters in the play talk to each other by singing. The theater is a
lily that inexplicably arise from a jungle of weedy falsities yet, it is precisely from the tension produced by
all this absurdity that theater is able to create each poetry, power, enhancement and truth.

25. What is the best title for the selection?

a. Marvelous singing voices
b. The imaginative power of drama
c. The absurdity of fiction
d. The production of musical plays
 26. Based from the excerpt, the author believes that all the statements are true EXCEPT
a. Theater is based on absurdities
b. The character in musical plays converse by singing
c. Theater teaches us that suicide is the only solution to the problem
d. Theater creates poetry, power, enhancement and truth

27. The word “absurdity” in the last sentence means

a. Fiction
b. Falsehood
c. Predictability
d. Foolishness

28. Which of the following can be about the theater from the selection? a. It has different themes
b. It is the most ridiculous of all arts
c. It is able to create poetry, power and truth
d. It is a functional representation of life

Selection G (Items 29 – 33)

Inventions enhance people’s lives. Inventions are improvements of previous discoveries. With technology, inventions are
easier to complete. One such invention is the camera. The invention of the camera gave way to the first underwater camera
in 1856. It was placed in a tightly sealed container. However, when the contraption was underwater, the container broke
before many pictures were taken. It was only in the 1980’s that a camera was made which is able to go deep underwater
without being damaged. Less than twenty years later, technology allowed underwater cameras to take photographs in color
and to go even deeper into the water. With better technology, an invention will never stay stagnant.

29. What can we infer in the selection?

a. Man’s nature is easily influenced
b. Man’s nature easily adapts to his environment
c. Man is constantly in search of new inventions
d. Man easily gives up when confronted with a challenge

30. What is the main idea expressed in the selection?

a. man by nature is a contented being
b. people make efforts to improve an invention
c. to seek comfort is man’s goal in life
 d. inventions have a tendency to be copied

31. What can we conclude about inventions in the selection?

a. improve people’s lives
b. are easy to accomplish
c. are hard to improve
d. are costly

32. What figure of speech is used in the last line of the selection?
a. Simile
b. Metaphor
c. Hyperbole
d. Personification

33. What is the value presented in the selection?

a. passivity
b. ingenuity
c. contentment
d. independence

Selection H (Items 34 – 43)

Introduction to Poetry
By Billy Collins
I ask them to take a poem
and hold it up to the light
like a color slide
or press an ear against its hive.
I say drop a mouse into a poem
and watch him probe his way out,
or walk inside the poem’s room
and feel the walls for a light switch.
I want them to waterski
across the surface of a poem
waving at the author’s name on the shore.
But all they want to do
is tie the poem to a chair with rope
and torture a confession out of it.
They begin beating it with a hose
to find out what it really means

34. The poet uses the pronouns “they” and “them” most likely to refer to
a. Student Poetry c. His troubles
b. His part d. Literary critic
35. Which line from the poem provid es the context that supports the meaning of the word
“slide” in line 3?
a. Line 2 c. line 9
b. line 5 d. line 16
36. Which of these lines contains a poetic language that conveys a sense of danger?
 a. And hold it up to the light
b. or press an ear against its hive.
c. I say drop a mouse into a poem
d. I want them to waterski

37. What tones are conveyed by these lines?

I want them to waterski
across the surface of a poem
waving at the author’s name on the shore.
a. Uncertain and confused
b. Cordial and pleasure
c. Melancholic and resourceful
d. Neutral and subjective

38. Line 12 -14 suggest that “they” want the poem

a. To provide clues to help determine its meaning
b. To convey a transparent meaning
c. To conceal its true meaning
d. To make its meaning inconspicuous

39. In line 15, the act of beating the poem with a hose suggest that they are
a. Copasthnic c. Serene
b. Frustrates d. Tranquil

40. In stanza 4, the poet refers to the poem as a/an

a. Jetski c. ocean
b. car d. boat

41. The tone of the poem shift in:

a. Stanza 1 c. stanza 4
b. stanza 3 d. stanza 6

42. The overall message conveyed in the poem is

a. The contrast of hopes versus reality
b. The guidance provided by authority
c. The missed opportunities of rebels
d. A life unfulfilled and unchallenged

43. What did the author used in the Stanza 2, 3 and 4?

a. Imagery c. Irony
b. Simile d. Symbols

Selection I (Items 44 – 45)

The literature on drug addiction has grown at a rate that defies anyone to keep abreast of the literature and apparently
in inverse proportion tour understanding of the subject. Addiction or dependence, as it is more fashionable to call it,
excites controversy and speculation yet true understanding of the phenomenon remains elusive. In fact, the area is
fraught with speculation and acrimonious debate. Definition of terms such as “drug”, “addiction” and “abuse” is
obviously less controversial than attempts to explain the nature of drug dependence, yet even the terminology is
imprecise and overlain with subjective connotations. At its most basic, a drug as defined by the World Health
Organization is simply any substance which when taken into the living organism may modify one or more of its
functions. This kind of definition is too wide to be of any use in discussion of dependence: it covers everything from
insulin to aspirin, penicillin to alcohol.
 44. The author implies that he thinks the term “dependence” in the context of drugs
a. is more accurate than the older term “addiction”
b. has not always been the preferred term
c. is a currently under-used term
d. is an avant-garde aberration
45. We can infer from the first sentence that
a. Not all that has been written on the subject of addiction has added to our
understanding
b. No one can have read all the literature on any drug
c. The more that is publicly wants to know are likely to understand
d. The rate of growth should be higher if we are to understand the subject

Selection J (Items 46 – 49)

We have so much in life to be thankful for. We walk, talk, see, hear, think and breathe – usually without effort.
Why do we have to spend so much time dwelling on what we can’t, don’t have and what is going wrong?. We
can instantly recall the negative experiences, people and circumstances without recognizing we have the ability
to walk away or make a change. Perhaps we have too many options from which to choose. Or it could be we
simply want to complain. Maybe if we spent just a little time saying “thank you” for what we do have, we won’t
have so much time to dwell on what we lack.
Gratitude, praise and thanksgiving activate the divine laws of abundance. When the universe can see we are conscious of
and grateful for what we have, it is activated to shower us with more. Even when it seems that the well is drying up, we
can affirm “I can hardly wait to see the good that will come out of this”.

46. According to the author, which of the following activates the Divine laws of abundance?
A. Recalling negative experiences
B. Dwelling on what we can’t do
C. Having so much in life
D. Giving thanks

47. Which of these statements from the selection expresses cause-effect relationship?
A. When the universe can see that we are grateful for what we have, it is activated to
shower us with more
B. We walk, talk, see, hear, think and breathe – usually without effort
C. Perhaps we have too many options from which to choose
D. We have so much in life to be thankful for

48. Why do we always have to be thankful in life?

A. Giving thanks solves most of our problems
B. Being thankful attracts more blessings
C. Thanks giving banishes most of our worries
D. Thankfulness is rare among blessed

49. What is the main idea of the selection?

 A. There are people who have so much in life
B. We have too many choices in life
C. There is good that comes from every thankful
D. Some people tend to dwell on negative

Selection K (Items 50 – 52)

Homer was a Greek epic poet. Both the date and the place of his birth and death are not known precisely,
but recent research suggests a date between 1050 and 800 B.C. It has even been claimed that no such
man as Homer existed and The Iliad and Odyssey are collections of traditional ballads and not the work of
one man. In any event, they were known all over the Greek – speaking world before the sixth century B.C.
The Iliad is an epic poem dealing with the siege of Troy by the Greeks. The Odyssey describes the wandering of
Odysseus, a Greek seafarer on his way to Ithaca after the fall of Troy.

50. We can infer from the passage that ___________

a. It’s not definite when and where Homer was born
b. Homer only deals with poetry
c. Recent research shows the impossibility of finding Homer’s birth date
d. Some suggest that he was born in 800 B.C

51. The Odyssey ____________

a. belongs to another poet rather than Homer
b. explains the voyage of a sailor
c. has no connection with the Iliad
d. doesn’t have a specific protagonist

52. The works of Homer ______________

a. have no potential readers
b. deal with the siege of Troy by the Greeks
c. have been thought to have different writers
d. are collections of traditional ballads

Selection L (Items 53 – 55)

Many consider World War I to have been the first modern war, a total war where the civilian populations were deliberately
endangered as a direct tactic of war, which has continued in all subsequent wars. While civilians have always died in wars,
World War I made civilian casualties accepted and commonplace from, for example, aerial bombardment. All aspects of
the societies fighting were affected by the conflict, often causing profound social change if the countries were not in the
war zone.

53. It is stated in the reading that World War I

a. caused a major depression in countries that were against killing civilians
b. introduced the killing of civilians as a method of warfare
c. is the bloodiest war in history
d. marked the end of the peaceful period in modern history
 54. It is pointed in the passage that
a. the war’s economic impact was felt sharply in countries that were close to the war
zone
b. the aftermath of World War I brought more attempts to protect civilians in war
c. unlike all subsequent wars, World War I was worldwide
d. the impact of the World War I was felt even by the countries which were not close to
the war fronts

55. We can understand from the passage that

a. very few countries had designed or built aircraft specifically for war functions before
World War I
b. World War I was not the first war in which civilians died
c. many consider World War I the defining moment of modern life
d. the aerial bombardment of civilian was widely criticized

Selection M (Items 56 – 60)

YOUTH
by Samuel Ullman
Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind; it is not a matter of rosy cheeks, red lips and supple knees;
it is a matter of the will, a quality of the imagination, a vigor of the emotions; it is the freshness of the deep
springs of life.
Youth means a temperamental predominance of courage over timidity of the appetite, for adventure over
the love of ease. This often exists in a man of sixty more than a body of twenty. Nobody grows old merely
by a number of years. We grow old by deserting our ideals.
Years may wrinkle the skin, but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul. Worry, fear, self-distrust bows
the heart and turns the spirit back to dust.
Whether sixty or sixteen, there is in every human being's heart the lure of wonder, the unfailing child-like
appetite of what's next, and the joy of the game of living. In the center of your heart and my heart there is
a wireless station; so long as it receives messages of beauty, hope, cheer, courage and power from men
and from the Infinite, so long are you young.
When the aerials are down, and your spirit is covered with snows of cynicism and the ice of pessimism, then you
are grown old, even at twenty, but as long as your aerials are up, to catch the waves of optimism, there is hope
you may die young at eighty.

56. What kind of passage is this?

a. Informative b. Descriptive
c. Expository d. Narrative

57. What does predominance in the second paragraph refer to?

a. Superiority b. Strong Element
c. Majority of existence d. Interaction

58. Which is not a characteristic of the youth?

a. Imaginative c. Timidity
b. Rosy Cheek d. Adventurous

59. What did the author use in the passage?

 a. Paradox c. Juxtaposition
b. Simile d. Understatements

60. Where did the author focused?

a. Persona c. Sensory details
b. Timeline d. Emotion

61. The most appropriate title for this selection is

a. On Growing Old c. Young and Old
b. On Being Young d. You Can be Young

62. How did the author described the young generation?

a. Assertive
b. Inquisitive
c. Informative
d. Provocative

63. According to the selection, which of the following is not a characteristic of youth?
a. rosy cheeks
b. imaginative
c. adventurous
d. timidity

64. According to the author, one has grown old if ___________

a. he has lost the desire to improve himself
b. he indulges in hazardous himself
c. he has reached the age of 70
d. his children have set up their own families

65. The selection tells us that youth is based on one’s

a. physical appearance
b. status in life
c. charm and glamour
d. views about life