Ducting & Duct

Layout
 System Pressure

 Pt = Ps + Pv

Outlet Velocity of Fan = cfm / outlet area

Ps = Pt – Pv

In a constant cross section area duct Pv is

constant .
Pv reduces along its length
 System Pressure
 Friction in a duct leads to loss of energy
 Friction in a duct causes loss of Total Pressure
 Velocity Pressure is small at the fan outlet

 Conventionally Static Pressure in a duct is

used for design, but total pressure developed
is to be considered to calculate total
,mechanical energy to be supplied
 Friction Loss
 Ps : Is lost along the length of the duct

 ∆Pt = f D X ( cf4 X L/D ) X Pv

∆Pt = Friction Loss in inches
f D = Friction roughness based on Reynolds no. is 0.0005
for GI sheet duct with 40 joints per 100 feet

cf4 = Conversion factor = 12

L= Length of duct in feet ( say 100 feet )
D= Inside Duct diameter in inches
 Friction Loss

 Based on Air being incompressible &

density of air = 0.075 lbs/cu ft

 ∆Pt = f D X ( cf4 X L/D ) X Pv

With the above values and assumptions
becomes :
 ∆Pt = 0.0005 X (12 X 100 /D ) X Pv
( Friction Loss )
 Friction Loss

Some values of f D :
also designated as < ( epsilon )

Carbon Steel Sheet : 0.0005

Aluminium Sheet , 12jts/100ft : 0.0001
GI Sheet Contin Roll, 12 jts/100 ft : 0.0001
Spiral GI Duct rigid, 25 jts/100ft : 0.0003
FRP Duct : 0.003
FRP Liner : 0.003
Flex metal duct fully extnd : 0.01
Flex wire reinf fabric duct fully extnd : 0.01
Ducting & Duct Layout
Planning a Single Line Duct Layout

1. Air qty per sq ft

2. Air distribution plan
3. Ceiling layout
4. Unit Location
5. Return Air
Ducting & Duct Layout
Design Criteria

1. Duct Velocity / Space Application

2. Outlet Velocity
3. Type of Duct / Disc with Architect
4. If Rectangular then Aspect Ratio
..\Duct Design Tutorial\Aspect Ratio vs Cost.pdf
Ducting & Duct Layout
Equal Friction Method

1. Applied universally for Duct Design

2. Other Methods – Velocity Method & Static
Regain Method
3. Charts of Friction vs Diameter
4. Equivalent Rectangular Size
5. Use of Ductulator
Ducting & Duct Layout
Ductulator Use
1. To make single line layout
2. Assign the air quantities on the layout
3. Understand the scales of Ductulator
4. Selecting correct Velocity
5. Fixing the friction – Select initial duct
size
..\Duct Design Tutorial\Duct Tutorial pdf.pdf DUCTSIZE.EXE
Ducting & Duct Layout
Plenum Design duct system-modern referigeration.tif

1. Criteria & Sizing

Return Air Considerations

1. Use of RA Ducts / False ceiling / Boxing

Ducting & Duct Layout
GSS Duct Standards

1. IS Standard IS 655
2. SMACNA Standard
3. ISHRAE Standard
4. Commercial Standard Duct General Standard.xls
Ducting & Duct Layout
Methods of Construction

1. Material of Construction
2. Fabrication methods
3. Supports / Bracing
4. Collar fixing & termination
Ducting & Duct Layout
Types of Ducting

1. Rectangular
2. Circular
3. Flexible
4. Prefabricated
Ducting & Duct Layout
Measurements

1. Perimeter & Length measurement ..\Sahara

India Duct Meas.xls

2. Bends & Tapers

3. Recording measurements gauge-wise
4. Joint measurements and presentation
for billing
Ducting & Duct Layout
Duct Accessories
duct and system static.ppt

1. Vanes
2. Dampers
3. Attenuators
Ducting & Duct Layout
Working Examples of Duct Design

1. Office Layout ..\SAHARA STUDIO.zip

2. Factory / Laboratory
3. Large Public Spaces
4. Under floor duct layout ..\Air Distrib\Underfloor.pdf
Ducting & Duct Layout
1. Conclusion

2. Review
3. Planning for duct fabrication & Erection
4. Site planning & Management for
ducting
5. Coordination