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Full Download Book Mxenes and Their Composites Synthesis Properties and Potential Applications Micro and Nano Technologies PDF
Full Download Book Mxenes and Their Composites Synthesis Properties and Potential Applications Micro and Nano Technologies PDF
Full Download Book Mxenes and Their Composites Synthesis Properties and Potential Applications Micro and Nano Technologies PDF
Edited by
KALIM DESHMUKH
Department of Chemical Processes and Biomaterials,
New Technologies—Research Center, University of West Bohemia,
Plzeň, Czech Republic
TOMÁŠ KOVÁŘÍK
Department of Chemical Processes and Biomaterials,
New Technologies—Research Center, University of West Bohemia,
Plzeň, Czech Republic
Elsevier
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British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress
ISBN: 978-0-12-823361-0
List of contributors xv
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 MXene fundamentals 4
1.2.1 MAX phases: the precursors of MXenes 4
1.2.2 Properties of MAX phases 7
1.3 MXene derivatives 14
1.4 MXene synthesis and processing 15
1.5 Current advances in MXene applications 23
1.5.1 Energy storage and conversion 23
1.5.2 EMI shielding 25
1.5.3 Gas sensing and biosensing 26
1.5.4 Catalysis and photocatalysis 27
1.5.5 Remediation of environmental pollutants 29
1.5.6 Gas separation and water desalination 30
1.5.7 Medical and biomedical applications 31
1.6 Challenges and prospects 34
References 35
v
vi Contents
6. MXenes and their composites for energy storage and conversion 201
Jamilur R. Ansari, Choudhary Arjun Sunilbhai and Kishor Kumar Sadasivuni
6.1 Introduction 201
6.2 Energy conversion applications of MXenes and their composites 205
6.2.1 Catalysts and the hydrogen evolution reaction 205
6.2.2 Electrocatalysts 205
6.2.3 Photocatalysis 207
6.2.4 Sensors 208
6.2.5 MXene-based composites for water-splitting 210
6.2.6 Photovoltaic devices 211
6.3 Energy storage application of two-dimensional carbides 212
6.3.1 MXenes in batteries 212
6.3.2 MXene-based composites for batteries 214
6.3.3 MXene-based electrochemical capacitors 215
6.4 Electrochemical energy storage application of MXenes 219
6.4.1 Batteries 219
6.4.2 Sodium-ion batteries 221
6.4.3 Lithium-ion batteries 221
6.4.4 Lithiumsulfur batteries 224
6.4.5 Non-Li-ion batteries 226
6.4.6 Potassium-ion batteries 227
6.4.7 Supercapacitors 228
6.5 Conclusions and outlook 229
Acknowledgment 230
References 231
viii Contents
7. MXenes and their composites: emerging materials for gas sensing and
biosensing 241
Y. Ravi Kumar, Kalim Deshmukh, L. John Kennedy, Rüstem Keçili,
Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain, Mohan Kumar Kesarla and S.K. Khadheer Pasha
7.1 Introduction 241
7.2 Gas sensing: fundamentals 243
7.2.1 Key parameters of a gas sensor 243
7.2.2 Parameters influencing the gas sensing behavior 244
7.3 Surface chemistry of MXene 247
7.4 Gas sensing mechanism in MXene 249
7.5 MXenes and their composites for sensing applications 251
7.5.1 MXene and their composites-based gas and volatile organic compound sensors 254
7.5.2 MXene and their composites-based electrochemical sensors and biosensors 262
7.6 Conclusions and future perspectives 271
References 273
11. MXenes and their composites for supercapacitors and hybrid capacitors 371
Aamani Nirogi, George Elsa, Manavalan Vijayakumar, Ammaiyappan Bharathi Sankar
and Mani Karthik
11.1 Introduction 371
11.1.1 Concept of energy storage and technology 371
11.2 MXenes and MXene-based nanocomposites for supercapacitor applications 374
11.2.1 MXenes as supercapacitor electrodes 376
11.2.2 MXene-based hybrid capacitors 385
11.3 MXene-based hybrid supercapacitors as next-generation energy storage devices
for flexible electronics applications 390
11.3.1 Fabrication of flexible electronics 390
11.3.2 Flexible supercapacitors 391
11.4 Summary and outlook 392
Acknowledgment 393
References 393
12. MXenes and their composites: a promising material for hydrogen storage 397
Jin-Chung Sin, Ying-Hui Chin, Sze-Mun Lam, Honghu Zeng, Hua Lin, Haixiang Li
and Abdul Rahman Mohamed
12.1 Introduction 397
12.2 Preparation of MXenes 398
12.2.1 Acid etching 399
12.2.2 Chemical vapor deposition 400
x Contents
15. MXenes and their composites for medical and biomedical applications 499
Raviraj Vankayala, Suresh Thangudu, Naresh Kuthala and Poliraju Kalluru
15.1 Introduction 499
15.2 MXenes and their composites for diagnostic and therapeutic applications 500
15.2.1 MXenes and their composites for diagnostic applications 500
15.2.2 MXenes and their composites for therapeutic applications 506
15.3 MXenes and their composites for theranostic applications 510
15.4 MXenes and their composites for biosensing applications 512
15.5 MXenes and their composites for antimicrobial applications 514
15.6 MXenes and their composites for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine 517
15.7 Conclusions and prospects 519
References 520
16. MXenes and their composites for potential antimicrobial applications 525
Sze-Mun Lam, Zeeshan Haider Jaffari, Zi-Jun Yong, Jin-Chung Sin, Honghu Zeng,
Hua Lin, Haixiang Li and Abdul Rahman Mohamed
16.1 Introduction 525
16.2 Design and performance of MXene and MXene composites toward
antimicrobial activity 527
16.2.1 Bacteria 527
16.2.2 MXene-based membrane structure 536
16.3 Parameter effects for MXene-based antimicrobials 538
16.3.1 Synthesis conditions 539
16.3.2 Operational factors 541
16.4 Microbial inactivation mechanism by MXene 542
16.4.1 Physical contact destruction 542
16.4.2 Photoinduced mechanisms 543
16.5 Ecotoxicology and biocompatibility of MXenes 545
16.6 Conclusion and prospects 546
Acknowledgement 547
References 547
xii Contents
21. MXenes and their composites for energy harvesting applications 687
Kailasa Saraswathi, M. Sai Bhargava Reddy, Kalagadda Venkateswara Rao,
Kalim Deshmukh, Deepalekshmi Ponnamma, Sadiya Waseem,
Mustafa Farag Ibrahim Aly Rakha, S.K. Khadheer Pasha and Kishor Kumar Sadasivuni
21.1 Why energy harvesting? 687
21.2 Two-dimensional materials (MXenes) 688
xiv Contents
Index 759
List of contributors
M. Basheer Ahamed
Department of Physics, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology,
Chennai, India
Mustafa Farag Ibrahim Aly Rakha
Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
Jamilur R. Ansari
Faculty of Physical Sciences, PDM University, Bahadurgarh, India
Amir Hossein Behroozi
School of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Iran University of Science and
Technology, Tehran, Iran
Ashok Chhetry
Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Korea
Ying-Hui Chin
Department of Petrochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology,
Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Malaysia
Chunxiang Dall’Agnese
Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education),
College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
Yohan Dall’Agnese
Institute for Materials Discovery, University College London, London, United Kingdom
Desagani Dayananda
Nanobioelectronics Laboratory (NBEL), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ilse Katz
Institute of Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben Gurion University of the Negev,
Beer-Sheva, Israel
Kalim Deshmukh
Department of Chemical Processes and Biomaterials, New Technologies—Research Center,
University of West Bohemia, Plzeň, Czech Republic
George Elsa
Centre for Nanomaterials, International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy
and New Materials (ARCI), Balapur, India
Zahra Fakhraai
Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
Alireza Hemmati
School of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Iran University of Science and
Technology, Tehran, Iran
xv
xvi List of contributors
Sze-Mun Lam
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin,
P.R. China; Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Green
Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Malaysia
Haixiang Li
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin,
P.R. China
Xingyou Liang
State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University
of Technology, Panjin, P.R. China
Hua Lin
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin,
P.R. China
Anmin Liu
State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University
of Technology, Panjin, P.R. China
Tingli Ma
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, P.R.
China; Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of
Technology, Kitakyushu, Japan
Abdul Rahman Mohamed
School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Malaysia
M. Mohamed Naseer Ali
Department of Physics, The New College, University of Madras, Chennai, India
Aqib Muzaffar
Department of Physics, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology,
Chennai, India
Kallayi Nabeela
Department of Chemistry, Korambayil Ahamed Haji Memorial Unity Women’s College,
Affiliated to Calicut University, Manjeri, India
Aamani Nirogi
Centre for Nanomaterials, International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy
and New Materials (ARCI), Balapur, India
Dhananjaya Panda
Department of Nanoscience and Technology, School of Physical Science, Bharathiar
University, Coimbatore, India
Mayank Pandey
Department of Physics and Electronics, Kristu Jayanti College (Autonomous), Bangalore, India
Deependra Parajuli
Research Center for Applied Science and Technology (RECAST), Tribhuvan University,
Kathmandu, Nepal; Department of Physics, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India
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M . CLAVDIO . M . F . MARCELLO
PATRONO [264].
Ho già detto più sopra che fosse all’ora terza, corrispondente alle
nostre nove antimeridiane, che incominciavano i giudizj. Giovenale
scrisse nella Satira IV di qual modo avessero essi principio:
. . . . . clamante Liburno,
Currite jam sedit [282],
Ante secundam
Roscius orabat sibi adesses ad puteal cras....
De re communi scribæ magna atque nova te
Orabant hodie meminisses, Quincte, reverti...
Imprimat his, cura, Mæcenas signa tabellis...
Dixeris, «experiar, si vis, potes» addit et instat [284].
Se falliva il tentativo dell’amichevole componimento, l’attore, actor,
citava con publica intimazione, detta edictum, l’avversario, reus, a
comparire in giudizio, in jus vocare, a che se questi rifiutava, l’attore
volgendosi ad uno degli astanti, interrogava: licet antestari? se
voleva, cioè, valergli di testimonio; al che assentendo porgevagli a
toccare l’estremità dell’orecchio, auriculam opponebat, perchè
nell’orecchio si riteneva fosse la sede della memoria. In questo caso
l’attore poteva trascinare a forza il reo in giudizio, in jus rapere,
afferrandolo persino per il collo, obtorto collo, come Plauto notò nella
scena quinta del terzo atto del Pænulus e nella sesta del terzo atto
della Rudens. Tali formule conservò il poeta e scriba Orazio testuali
nella Satira IX del lib. I:
Fugit improbus, ac me
Sub cultro linquit. Casu venit obvius illi
Adversarius, et: quo tu turpissime? magna
Inclamat voce, et: Licet antestari? Ego vero
Oppono auriculam. Rapit in jus: clamor utrinque [285].
Or udiamo lui stesso cantare questo episodio curioso, che del resto
ritrae una delle abitudini romane, infiltratasi nella vita di questi fieri
conquistatori, da che per le guerre d’Africa, di Grecia e d’Asia,
accresciutesi le ricchezze loro, i costumi presero a mutarsi e non in
meglio sicuramente.