Building Technology – 1

BTECH 123

DIVISION – 4
MASONRY
1. CEMENTING
MATERIALS
1. CEMENTING MATERIALS
1.01 Cement
Mortar
1.02 Plaster
1.03 TYPES OF 1. MORTARS AND PLASTERS
PLASTER AND
THEIR USES - a proportioned mixture of siliceous materials (sand, crushed stone)
2. MASONRY UNIT and cement (lime, Portland) which, after being prepared in a plastic
state with water, hardens into a stone like mass.
2.01 Masonry
Definition • Mortar is cement mix used to glue masonry units to each other, or
2.02 Stone
2.03 Bricks other surface finishing materials like tiles, bricks, stones to a
2.04 Concrete receiving structure like a wall or floor.
Hollow Block
2.05 “DURISOL” • Plaster is mortar applied to wall surfaces as a preparation or a hard
BLOCK finish coat.
2.06 Plaster
Block
2.07 Structural
Clay Tile
1. CEMENTING
MATERIALS

1.01 Cement
Mortar 1. MORTARS AND PLASTERS
1.02 Plaster
1.03 TYPES OF
PLASTER AND
THEIR USES 1.01 CEMENT MORTAR
2. MASONRY UNIT
- is a proportioned mixture of cement, fine aggregate and water.
2.01 Masonry
Definition - For first-class mortars 1 part of cement should be added to not more
2.02 Stone
2.03 Bricks
than 3 parts of sand.
2.04 Concrete
Hollow Block - Replacing 10 or 15 percent of the cement by volume with hydrated
2.05 “DURISOL”
BLOCK lime gives greater workability and increases the strength of the mortar.
2.06 Plaster
Block
2.07 Structural - For rubble stonework, 1 : 4 will be much stronger than lime mortar.
Clay Tile

- For the top surface of floors and walks, use 1 : 1 to 1-1/2.

- Mortar made with fine sand requires a much larger quantity of cement
to obtain a given strength than mortar made with coarse sand.
1. CEMENTING
MATERIALS

1.01 Cement
Mortar
1.02 Plaster
1.03 TYPES OF
1. MORTARS AND PLASTERS
PLASTER AND
THEIR USES
2. MASONRY UNIT
1.01 CEMENT MORTAR

2.01 Masonry
Definition - Mortar may be mixed by hand or mechanical mixers, the latter
2.02 Stone
2.03 Bricks
being preferred for large quantities.
2.04 Concrete
Hollow Block - When the mixing is done by hand, it should be done on
2.05 “DURISOL” platforms made watertight to prevent the loss of cement.
BLOCK
2.06 Plaster
Block
- The cement and sand should be mixed dry in small batches in
2.07 Structural the proportions required on a clean platform.
Clay Tile
- Water is added and the whole remixed until it is homogeneous
in color and leaves the mixing hoe clean when drawn out.
- Mortar should never be retempered after it has begun to set
1. CEMENTING
MATERIALS
1. MORTARS AND PLASTERS
1.01 Cement
Mortar
1.02 Plaster
1.03 TYPES OF
1.02 PLASTER
PLASTER AND
THEIR USES - is a mortar of cementitious material ( lime, gypsum or cement),
2. MASONRY UNIT sand and water which is applied in coats (layers) to masonry
surfaces, lath or various types of plaster board to give a hard finish
2.01 Masonry surface to interior or exterior walls and ceilings.
Definition
2.02 Stone - the word “plaster” refers to gypsum plaster and the words gypsum
2.03 Bricks and plaster are often used interchangeably.
2.04 Concrete
Hollow Block
2.05 “DURISOL” - Fiber or hair is sometimes added to the mixture to give increased
BLOCK strength as when used for the first coat.
2.06 Plaster
Block - Plastering is done according to two basic methods: two-coat and
2.07 Structural
Clay Tile three-coat. A three-coat job consists of :
• a first binding coat called scratch coat;
• a second straightening coat called the brown-coat; and
• a final coat called the finish coat.

In the two-coat work, the scratch and brown coats are combined into one.
1. CEMENTING
MATERIALS

1.01 Cement 1. MORTARS AND PLASTERS

Mortar
1.02 Plaster
1.03 TYPES OF
PLASTER AND
THEIR USES
1.03 TYPES OF PLASTER AND THEIR USES
2. MASONRY UNIT
a. Lime Plaster
2.01 Masonry
Definition Lime putty (hydrated lime and water), mixed on the job with sand
2.02 Stone
2.03 Bricks
and gypsum plaster, used for two and three-coat finish surfaces
2.04 Concrete for interior walls and ceilings.
Hollow Block
2.05 “DURISOL”
BLOCK Scratch coat : 1 part lime putty, 1 part Portland cement or
2.06 Plaster
Block
Keene’s cement, 2-3/4 parts sand by weight.
2.07 Structural Brown coat : 1 part lime putty, 1part Portland cement or
Clay Tile
Keene’s cement, 3 parts sand by weight.
Finish coat:
Hard finish : 1 part lime putty, 1/3 gypsum plaster by volume
Sand float : 1 part lime putty, ¼ gypsum plaster, 2 parts sand
by volume
1. CEMENTING
MATERIALS
1. MORTARS AND PLASTERS
1.01 Cement
Mortar
1.02 Plaster
1.03 TYPES OF 1.03 TYPES OF PLASTER AND THEIR USES
PLASTER AND
THEIR USES
2. MASONRY UNIT
b. Gypsum Plaster

• Gypsum plaster. Plaster of Paris mixed with clay, lime and

2.01 Masonry other materials in combinations covered by trademarks or
Definition
2.02 Stone patents. Mixed on the job with water, sand, lime putty, hair or
2.03 Bricks fiber for two or three-coat finish surfaces for interior walls and
2.04 Concrete
Hollow Block ceilings; or used dry as ingredient for hard or sand float finish
2.05 “DURISOL” with lime plaster (see above).
BLOCK
2.06 Plaster
Block • High-strength gypsum plaster. Same as gypsum plaster but
2.07 Structural
Clay Tile mixed to meet established standards. Mixed on the job with
water, sand, lime putty, hair or fiber for two and three-coat finish
surfaces for both exteriors and interiors.
- Scratch and brown coats : 1 part high-strength gypsum
plaster to 2 parts sand by weight.
- Hard finish : ¼ lime putty to 1 part high-
strength gypsum plaster by volume
1. CEMENTING
MATERIALS

1.01 Cement
Mortar
1.02 Plaster 1. MORTARS AND PLASTERS
1.03 TYPES OF
PLASTER AND
THEIR USES
1.03 TYPES OF PLASTER AND THEIR USES
2. MASONRY UNIT

b. Gypsum Plaster
2.01 Masonry
Definition • Fibered gypsum plaster. Gypsum plaster premixed with
2.02 Stone fibers. Mixed on the job with water and sand for scratch coat for
2.03 Bricks
2.04 Concrete three-coat plastering job
Hollow Block
2.05 “DURISOL”
BLOCK • Prepared gypsum plaster. Gypsum plaster mixed with fine
2.06 Plaster white sand. Used for two and three-coat finish surfaces for
Block
2.07 Structural interior walls and ceilings .
Clay Tile
- Scratch and brown coats : mix per manufacturer’s instructions.
- Finish coat: Any type of final coat plaster
(gypsum, Keene’s cement, lime or
prepared finish coat
1. CEMENTING
MATERIALS
1. MORTARS AND PLASTERS
1.01 Cement
Mortar
1.02 Plaster 1.03 TYPES OF PLASTER AND THEIR USES
1.03 TYPES OF
PLASTER AND
THEIR USES
b. Gypsum Plaster
2. MASONRY UNIT • Bonding plaster. Gypsum plaster mixed with ingredients
develop more adhesive strength in combinations covered by
2.01 Masonry trademarks or patents. Used for interior finish for smooth
Definition
2.02 Stone
concrete walls or ceilings. Mix and apply as per manufacturer’s
2.03 Bricks directions
2.04 Concrete
Hollow Block
2.05 “DURISOL” • Lightweight gypsum plaster, fire-resistant plaster. Gypsum
BLOCK
2.06 Plaster
plaster mixed on the job with water, perlite, vermiculite or other
Block suitable mineral aggregate. Lightweight gypsum plaster is used
2.07 Structural
Clay Tile
when weight is important, and for fire-proofing other materials
such as steel. Applied on lath. For interior use only .
- Scratch and brown coats : 2 sand, 2 cu. ft. perlite or vermiculite per 100 lb.
of plaster.
- Brown coat: 3 sand, 3 cu ft. perlite or vermiculite per 100 lb.
of plaster.
- Finish coat:
Hard finish: 1/3 gypsum plaster, 1 lime putty by volume
Sand Float Finish: 1 gypsum plaster, 1-1/2 sand by volume
1. CEMENTING
MATERIALS
1. MORTARS AND PLASTERS
1.01 Cement
Mortar
1.02 Plaster 1.03 TYPES OF PLASTER AND THEIR USES
1.03 TYPES OF
PLASTER AND
THEIR USES
b. Gypsum Plaster
2. MASONRY UNIT • Keene’s cement. Plaster of Paris mixed with alum or borax or
2.01 Masonry other materials and burned (calcined) at 932F. Mixed on the
Definition job with water, lime putty and fine white sand as hard finish for
2.02 Stone
2.03 Bricks two and three-coat gypsum plaster. For interior use only
2.04 Concrete
Hollow Block - Hard finish : 1 Keene’s cement, ¼ lime putty,
2.05 “DURISOL” 1/10 fine white sand by weight .
BLOCK
2.06 Plaster - Sand float finish : ½ Keene’s cement, 2 lime putty, 4 ½
Block sand by volume.
2.07 Structural
Clay Tile
• Plaster of Paris. For ornamental plaster work and castings.

• Molding plaster. For ornamental plaster work and castings. Mix

with water as per manufacturer’s directions.

• Acoustics plaster. For acoustic treatment of interior walls and

ceilings. Applied on gypsum plaster base coats. Mix with water as
per manufacturer’s directions.
1. CEMENTING
MATERIALS

1.01 Cement
Mortar
1. MORTARS AND PLASTERS
1.02 Plaster
1.03 TYPES OF
PLASTER AND
1.03 TYPES OF PLASTER AND THEIR USES
THEIR USES
2. MASONRY UNIT c. Portland Cement Plaster

• Mixed with water, sand and lime putty. Used for two and three-
2.01 Masonry
Definition coat finish surfaces for exterior and interior walls and ceilings
2.02 Stone
2.03 Bricks - Scratch and brown coats : 1 cement, ¼ lime putty, 3 sand.
2.04 Concrete - Sand float finish : 1 cement, ¼ lime putty, 3 sand.
Hollow Block
2.05 “DURISOL” • Thickness of plaster coats depends on the type of material to
BLOCK
2.06 Plaster which the plaster is applied. Generally, the total thickness is
Block 5/8” on metal lath and ½” on lathing board and gypsum block.
2.07 Structural
Clay Tile
• In three-coat plastering work, the scratch and brown coats are
¼” thick at minimum; the finish coat is 1/8” with a minimum of
1/16” at any point.

• For two-coat work, the base coat is ½” and the finish coat is the
same as three-coat work.
1. CEMENTING
MATERIALS
1. MORTARS AND PLASTERS
1.01 Cement
Mortar
1.02 Plaster 1.03 TYPES OF PLASTER AND THEIR USES
1.03 TYPES OF
PLASTER AND
THEIR USES d. “Sgraffito”
2. MASONRY UNIT • is highly decorative type of plaster work developed in Italy during
the Renaissance. This type of technique consists of applying two or
2.01 Masonry three thin coats of plaster different colors and then cutting away
Definition certain areas of one or two coats to produce a three-dimensional
2.02 Stone
2.03 Bricks colored design.
2.04 Concrete
Hollow Block
2.05 “DURISOL”
BLOCK
2.06 Plaster
Block
2.07 Structural
Clay Tile
1. CEMENTING
MATERIALS
2. UNIT MASONRY
1.01 Cement
Mortar
1.02 Plaster 2.01 DEFINITION
1.03 TYPES OF
PLASTER AND
THEIR USES Masonry - is a built-up construction or combination of building
2. MASONRY UNIT materials as clay, concrete, or stone set in mortar; or
plain concrete.
2.01 Masonry
Definition Masonry Terms:
2.02 Stone
2.03 Bricks a. Bed – The horizontal surfaces on which the
2.04 Concrete
Hollow Block stones or bricks of walls lie in the courses.
2.05 “DURISOL”
BLOCK
2.06 Plaster
Block
2.07 Structural
Clay Tile b. Course – A continuous layer of bricks, stones,
Course
or other masonry units

c. Wythe or Tier – Each continuous, vertical

section of the wall, one masonry unit thick.
Wythe
or Tier
1. CEMENTING
MATERIALS
2. UNIT MASONRY
1.01 Cement
Mortar
1.02 Plaster 2.01 DEFINITION
1.03 TYPES OF
PLASTER AND Masonry Terms:
THEIR USES
2. MASONRY UNIT d. Bond – That connection between bricks, stones
or other masonry units formed by lapping them
2.01 Masonry one upon another carrying up the work, so as to
Definition form an inseparable mass of building, by
2.02 Stone
2.03 Bricks preventing the vertical joints falling over each English Bond
2.04 Concrete other (also called a breaking joint).
Hollow Block
2.05 “DURISOL”
BLOCK
2.06 Plaster
Block
2.07 Structural
Clay Tile
e. Stretcher – A brick or block masonry laid
lengthwise of a wall Stretcher

f. Header – A brick or block masonry extending

over the thickness of the wall
Header
1. CEMENTING
MATERIALS
2. UNIT MASONRY
1.01 Cement
Mortar
1.02 Plaster 2.01 DEFINITION
1.03 TYPES OF
PLASTER AND
THEIR USES Masonry Terms:
2. MASONRY UNIT
g. Heading course – A course in which the bricks
2.01 Masonry
or other masonry units are all headers.
Definition
2.02 Stone
2.03 Bricks
h. Soldier – A unit laid on its end with its face
2.04 Concrete perpendicular to the face of the wall.
Hollow Block Soldier
2.05 “DURISOL”
BLOCK i. Quoins – The corner stones at the angles of
2.06 Plaster
Block
buildings, usually rusticated so as to project
2.07 Structural from the normal surface of the wall.
Clay Tile

j. Bond Stones – Stones running through the

thickness of the wall at right angles to its face,
in order to bind it together.

k. Blocking or Blocking Course – A course of

stones placed on top of cornice crowning the
walls
1. CEMENTING
MATERIALS

1.01 Cement
Mortar
2. UNIT MASONRY
1.02 Plaster
1.03 TYPES OF 2.02 STONE
PLASTER AND
THEIR USES
2. MASONRY UNIT
- Stone, together with wood and clay, are the basic building material
of man. The history of architecture until as late as 1900 was largely
the history of stone in architecture,
2.01 Masonry
Definition
2.02 Stone - Stone was the structural material, the
2.03 Bricks
2.04 Concrete
exterior and interior finishing material,
Hollow Block the flooring material and in many cases
2.05 “DURISOL”
BLOCK
the roofing material.
2.06 Plaster
Block
2.07 Structural
- It was also used for all types of
Clay Tile sculpture, statuary, and decorative and
ornamental applications.

- Today, stone is largely used as a

surface finishing material for both the
exterior and interior of buildings.
1. CEMENTING
MATERIALS
2. UNIT MASONRY
1.01 Cement
Mortar
1.02 Plaster 2.02 STONE
1.03 TYPES OF
PLASTER AND
THEIR USES - Stone commonly used for architectural purposes include
2. MASONRY UNIT
granite limestone

2.01 Masonry
Definition
2.02 Stone
2.03 Bricks
2.04 Concrete
Hollow Block
2.05 “DURISOL” sandstone
BLOCK marble
2.06 Plaster
Block
2.07 Structural
Clay Tile

travertine slate.
1. CEMENTING
MATERIALS
2. UNIT MASONRY
1.01 Cement
Mortar
1.02 Plaster 2.02 STONE
1.03 TYPES OF
PLASTER AND
THEIR USES
They are commonly classified as:
2. MASONRY UNIT a. Rubble Stone. Stone
delivered from the quarries
2.01 Masonry rough and irregular shape.
Definition
2.02 Stone
2.03 Bricks
2.04 Concrete
Hollow Block
2.05 “DURISOL”
BLOCK
2.06 Plaster
Block b. Dimension Stone. Stone
2.07 Structural
Clay Tile
cut into specific size,
squared to dimensions, and
to a specific thickness
1. CEMENTING
MATERIALS

1.01 Cement 2. UNIT MASONRY

Mortar
1.02 Plaster
1.03 TYPES OF
2.02 STONE
PLASTER AND
THEIR USES - STONEWORK: The types of stonework are based on the shape
2. MASONRY UNIT and the surface treatment of finish of the stone :

2.01 Masonry a. Rubble work. Masonry of

Definition
2.02 Stone rough, undressed stones.
2.03 Bricks
2.04 Concrete
Hollow Block When only the roughest
2.05 “DURISOL” irregularities are knocked off, it
BLOCK
2.06 Plaster is called scabbled rubble, and
Block
2.07 Structural
Clay Tile when the stones in each course RUBBLE WORK
are rudely dressed to a nearly
uniform height, range rubble .

b. Random work. Stones fitted

together at random without any
attempt to lay them in course.
RANDOM WORK
1. CEMENTING
MATERIALS

1.01 Cement 2. UNIT MASONRY

Mortar
1.02 Plaster
1.03 TYPES OF
PLASTER AND
2.02 STONE
THEIR USES
2. MASONRY UNIT - STONEWORK:

2.01 Masonry
c. Ashlar. Squared stones in regular courses, in contradistinction to
Definition rubble work .
2.02 Stone
2.03 Bricks
2.04 Concrete • Ranged work or coursed
Hollow Block
2.05 “DURISOL”
ashlar – Uniform courses with
BLOCK stones uniform in size.
2.06 Plaster
Block
2.07 Structural
BROKEN
Clay Tile RANGED WORK

• Broken range ashlar – Course

laid with the horizontal joints
uninterrupted but the width of the
courses and the length of the
stones are varied to produce a
wall with a less regular pattern.
1. CEMENTING
MATERIALS
2. UNIT MASONRY
1.01 Cement
Mortar
1.02 Plaster 2.02 STONE
1.03 TYPES OF
PLASTER AND - STONEWORK:
THEIR USES
2. MASONRY UNIT c. Ashlar

• Random course their rectangular

2.01 Masonry
Definition shape and are laid on horizontal
2.02 Stone beds but no effort is made to RANDOM
2.03 Bricks COURSE WORK
2.04 Concrete continue the horizontal beds
Hollow Block through in an uninterrupted
2.05 “DURISOL”
BLOCK manner. Large stones combine with
2.06 Plaster small ones in a convenient and, if
Block
2.07 Structural possible, an interesting manner.
Clay Tile
• Rustic or Rock work - RUSTIC OR
Courses of stone face which ROCK WORK

is jagged, so as to present a
rough surface.
* Rustication occurs when heavier
stones or areas of stone project
from the normal face of the
surrounding wall or of the joint
themselves.
1. CEMENTING
MATERIALS

1.01 Cement
Mortar
1.02 Plaster 2. UNIT MASONRY
1.03 TYPES OF
PLASTER AND
THEIR USES 2.03 BRICKS
2. MASONRY UNIT
- are structural units of clay or shale formed while plastic and
2.01 Masonry
subsequently fired.
Definition
2.02 Stone
2.03 Bricks
- The manufacture of brick consists essentially of screening,
2.04 Concrete grinding, or working the clay to the desired consistency for
Hollow Block
2.05 “DURISOL”
moulding, whether by hand or machine.
BLOCK
2.06 Plaster
Block
- After moulding, the bricks are dried and then burned in kilns for
2.07 Structural many hours at high temperatures, approximately 2000F.
Clay Tile

- These processes purify the raw products, make it uniform and

homogeneous, burn out all combustible matter, and result in a
product which is both stable and physically permanent .

- Standard size of brick is 3-3/4” x 2-1/4” x 8”.

1. CEMENTING
MATERIALS 2. UNIT MASONRY
1.01 Cement
Mortar 2.03 BRICKS
1.02 Plaster
1.03 TYPES OF
PLASTER AND The types of bricks most frequently used in architecture are :
THEIR USES
2. MASONRY UNIT
a. Common or building brick. Used for all
purposes, including facing.
2.01 Masonry
Definition
2.02 Stone b. Facing brick. Specially processed to give certain
2.03 Bricks
2.04 Concrete specific surface characteristics. Used for
Hollow Block exposed masonry surfaces.
2.05 “DURISOL”
BLOCK
2.06 Plaster c. Glazed brick. These have a smooth outer
Block
2.07 Structural surface with a dull satin or high gloss finish. They
Clay Tile are load bearing, fire resisting, and impervious.
They are usually formed with vertical hollow
cores through the body with scoring on the back.

d. Fire (refractory) brick. These are ordinarily

made from a mixture of flint clay and plastic clay,
and are used for the lining of furnaces,
fireplaces, and chimneys.
1. CEMENTING
MATERIALS 2. UNIT MASONRY
1.01 Cement
Mortar
1.02 Plaster 2.03 BRICKS
1.03 TYPES OF
PLASTER AND BRICK WORK. The usual methods of laying brick are as follows :
THEIR USES
2. MASONRY UNIT
a. Common Bond. Consists of five
stretcher courses and then a
2.01 Masonry header course. It is generally
Definition
2.02 Stone begun with a row of headers at
2.03 Bricks the bottom course COMMON BOND
2.04 Concrete
Hollow Block
2.05 “DURISOL” b. English Bond. Consists of
BLOCK
2.06 Plaster alternate courses of stretchers
Block and headers .
2.07 Structural
Clay Tile
c. Flemish Bond. Consists of ENGLISH BOND

alternate headers and stretchers

in each course .

d. Herringbone. The bricks are

laid diagonally to form a herring-
bone pattern. FLEMISH BOND
1. CEMENTING
MATERIALS

1.01 Cement 2. UNIT

Mortar
1.02 Plaster MASONRY
1.03 TYPES OF
PLASTER AND 2.03 BRICKS
THEIR USES
2. MASONRY UNIT Mortar joints
between brick
2.01 Masonry
courses are
Definition usually from
2.02 Stone 4.5mm
2.03 Bricks
2.04 Concrete (3/16”) to
Hollow Block
2.05 “DURISOL”
12mm (½”).
BLOCK
2.06 Plaster
Block
2.07 Structural
Clay Tile
1. CEMENTING
MATERIALS

1.01 Cement
Mortar
1.02 Plaster 2. UNIT MASONRY
1.03 TYPES OF
PLASTER AND
THEIR USES 2.04 CONCRETE HOLLOW BLOCK
2. MASONRY UNIT

• Concrete Hollow Block (CHB) is a hollow masonry unit, with two

2.01 Masonry or three cells or cores, made of the following ingredients: water,
Definition
2.02 Stone Portland cement, and various types of aggregate such as sand,
2.03 Bricks gravel, and crushed stone.
2.04 Concrete
Hollow Block
2.05 “DURISOL” • Lightweight concrete hollow blocks are also manufactured with
BLOCK
2.06 Plaster such aggregates as cinders, expanded slag, expanded shale or
Block clay. Expanded blast furnace slag rates the highest in fire
2.07 Structural
Clay Tile resistance, and due to its cellular structure, has high sound and
thermal insulation quality.

• These are manufactured by machine-mixing the ingredients,

pouring the mix into molds, and curing the block by air drying. A
steam-and-pressure curing process is also used which can
produce concrete hollow block in a few hours.
1. CEMENTING
MATERIALS

1.01 Cement 2. UNIT MASONRY

Mortar
1.02 Plaster
1.03 TYPES OF 2.04 CONCRETE HOLLOW BLOCK
PLASTER AND
THEIR USES
• Standard CHB sizes are from
2. MASONRY UNIT
thicknesses of 100mm (4”), 150mm (6”)
and 200mm (8”) x height of 200mm (8”)
2.01 Masonry x length of 400mm (16”).
Definition
2.02 Stone
2.03 Bricks • CHB of 100mm (4”) thickness should
2.04 Concrete
Hollow Block be used only for interior partition walls
2.05 “DURISOL” where weather-tightness is not
BLOCK
2.06 Plaster required.
Block
2.07 Structural
Clay Tile
1. CEMENTING
MATERIALS

1.01 Cement
Mortar 2. UNIT MASONRY
1.02 Plaster
1.03 TYPES OF
PLASTER AND 2.04 CONCRETE HOLLOW BLOCK
THEIR USES
2. MASONRY UNIT • The different types of concrete hollow block
include:
2.01 Masonry
Definition a. Stretchers c. Corner blocks e. Beam or lintel
2.02 Stone blocks
2.03 Bricks
2.04 Concrete
Hollow Block
2.05 “DURISOL”
BLOCK
2.06 Plaster
Block
2.07 Structural
Clay Tile
b. Headers d. Jamb blocks
1. CEMENTING
MATERIALS

1.01 Cement
Mortar 2. UNIT MASONRY
1.02 Plaster
1.03 TYPES OF
PLASTER AND 2.04 CONCRETE HOLLOW BLOCK
THEIR USES
2. MASONRY UNIT • Concrete hollow blocks should be laid on a full bed
of mortar with horizontal and vertical joints 10mm
2.01 Masonry
(3/8”) thick.
Definition
2.02 Stone
2.03 Bricks
• Reinforcement for 100mm (4”) and 150mm (6”)
2.04 Concrete thick wall shall be 10mm vertical bars at 600mm
Hollow Block
2.05 “DURISOL”
on centers and 10mm horizontal bars every third
BLOCK course.
2.06 Plaster
Block
2.07 Structural • Reinforcement for 200mm (8”) thick walls shall be 12mm vertical bars
Clay Tile at 600mm on center and 12mm horizontal bars every third course.

• All horizontal reinforcement shall be tied to the vertical reinforcement at

their intersections.

• Dowel bars should be placed into the piers, columns, slabs, leaving 20
bar diameters exposed to splice with the reinforcement of the hollow
blocks.
1. CEMENTING
MATERIALS

1.01 Cement
Mortar
1.02 Plaster
1.03 TYPES OF
PLASTER AND 2. UNIT MASONRY
THEIR USES
2. MASONRY UNIT
2.04 CONCRETE HOLLOW BLOCK

2.01 Masonry
Definition
2.02 Stone
• Block cells with reinforcement are filled with cement mortar.
2.03 Bricks
2.04 Concrete
Hollow Block
• Concrete hollow block walls should have a reinforced concrete lintel
2.05 “DURISOL” or beam block course every twelfth course; and a concrete column
BLOCK
2.06 Plaster
stiffener at every 4.80 meters length.
Block
2.07 Structural
Clay Tile
1. CEMENTING
MATERIALS 2. UNIT MASONRY
1.01 Cement
Mortar 2.05 “DURISOL” BLOCK
1.02 Plaster
1.03 TYPES OF
PLASTER AND - “DURISOL” block is lightweight block
THEIR USES
made from fiber and cement.
2. MASONRY UNIT

- “DURISOL” block units are two-core,

2.01 Masonry 100mm (4”) or 150mm ( 6”) x 87mm (7-
Definition
2.02 Stone
1/2”) x 600mm (24”).
2.03 Bricks
2.04 Concrete - Reinforcement shall be 10mm  vertical
Hollow Block
2.05 “DURISOL” bars at 720mm (36”) on center and at
BLOCK every 4th course. Every 4th course
2.06 Plaster
Block should be a beam block course. Cores
2.07 Structural shall be solidly filled with cement mortar.
Clay Tile
1. CEMENTING
MATERIALS

1.01 Cement 2. UNIT MASONRY

Mortar
1.02 Plaster
1.03 TYPES OF
2.06 PLASTER BLOCK
PLASTER AND
THEIR USES
2. MASONRY UNIT
- also known as gypsum partition blocks, are usually made of
2.01 Masonry
gypsum, vegetable fibers as binders, and reinforcement.
Definition
2.02 Stone - used for lightweight, fire-resistant interior partitions and for furring
2.03 Bricks
2.04 Concrete
and fireproofing columns.
Hollow Block
2.05 “DURISOL” - Gypsum hollow blocks are manufactured in units of 75mm (3”),
BLOCK
2.06 Plaster 100mm (4”) or 150mm ( 6”) thicknesses, x 300mm (12”) height x
Block 700mm (30”) length.
2.07 Structural
Clay Tile
- Gypsum solid block is manufactured only with a 50mm (2”)
thickness.
1. CEMENTING
MATERIALS

1.01 Cement
2. UNIT MASONRY
Mortar
1.02 Plaster
1.03 TYPES OF 2.07 STRUCTURAL CLAY TILE
PLASTER AND
THEIR USES - Structural clay tile are hollow masonry units, open at two ends with
2. MASONRY UNIT interior webs or partitions 19mm (¾”) to 25mm (1”) dividing the block
into longitudinal cells.
2.01 Masonry
Definition
2.02 Stone
- In its manufacture, the various shapes of clay tile are formed through
2.03 Bricks special dies and then wire-cut into the required lengths.
2.04 Concrete
Hollow Block
2.05 “DURISOL” - It may have a smooth or scored (grooved) surface. Structural clay tile
BLOCK
2.06 Plaster
is classified into:
Block
2.07 Structural a. Load-bearing wall tile. 300mm x
Clay Tile 300mm x 300mm (12” x 12” x 12”)
b. Non-load bearing, fireproofing,
partition, and furring tile. 100mm
(4”) or 125mm (5”) x 200mm x
300mm
End of Masonry
Division - 4
God Bless Future Architects!