PRINT FINSIHING PRACTICAL

Lab Manual

prepared by
G. Venkateswaran
Lecturer (S.S.)
Arasan Ganesan Polytechnic College, Sivakasi
 Ex. No. 1 Preparation of End Papers

Aim

To prepare various types of end papers.

Tools needed

Knife, Scissors.

Materials needed

Kraft paper, Color-wove paper, Calico and Paste.

Purpose of end papers

• The end paper acts as the media between the book and the cover.

• The fly leaves of the end paper protect the first and last page of the book.

• It helps to hide the construction of the book.

• Adds beauty to the bound book.

Kinds of end papers

• Single end paper.

• Reinforced end paper.

• Cloth joint end paper.

• Made end paper.

• Zig-Zag end paper.

Single end paper

Prepared by G. Venkateswaran, Lecturer (S.S.) AGPC, Sivakasi

This type of end paper is common and is used inside stitched books. It is the cheapest
variety of end paper ( Blank paper,Kraft paper, Color paper or chart paper). It consists of
two single leaves, one to cover the constructional features called the board leaf and the
other one is the fly leaf. For making this end paper single sheet of same length and
double in width of the book is needed. The end paper is made by just folding it into half.
Reinforced end paper

In this kind of end paper the fly leaf is stiffened by positioning a half sheet over it (A half
sheet is slightly larger than the book width). Then excess width is turned and pasted
over the full sheet which is equal to the length of the book to be bound but double in its
width than the book’s width.
Cloth-joint end paper

In this kind of end paper the fly leaf needs two full sheets and a half sheet. A strip of
calico is pasted over the center fold. The two full sheets are pasted as shown in the
picture. Then the half sheet is pasted over the full sheets to hide the reinforcing cloth
material.
Made end paper

Prepared by G. Venkateswaran, Lecturer (S.S.) AGPC, Sivakasi

For preparing made end paper we need two full sheets and one half sheet. This end
paper is similar to cloth joint end paper but the only difference is we are not using any
reinforcing cloth here. The two full sheets are pasted as shown in the picture. Then the
half sheet is pasted over the full sheets to give the final reinforcement.

Zig Zag end paper

For preparing this end paper we need two full sheets, one half sheet and one zig zag
sheet. It is rarely used and especially used in heavy books having large number of
pages. The two full sheets are pasted by just leaving a portion un-pasted at the spine
side. Now the zig zag sheet is pasted over these pasted full sheets. After that we have
to paste the half sheet.

Conclusion

Thus we have learnt how to prepare various types of end papers.

Prepared by G. Venkateswaran, Lecturer (S.S.) AGPC, Sivakasi

Ex. No. 2 Binding a book by saddle stitching method

Aim

To bind a book by saddle stitching method.

Tools needed

Needle, Bodkin

Materials needed

Stitching thread, Papers

Diagram

Wire Stitched Book Thread Stitched Book

Procedure

Stitching is categorized into two types.

• Saddle Stitching or Center Stitching.

• Side Stitching.

The stitching can be done using thread or wire. But for performing wire stitching we
need a wire stitching machine. In this exercise we are going to perform saddle stitching
using thread.

• First the sections of the book are folded to the required size.

• Then the sections are gathered one into the other by following insetting method.

• Then the sections are jogged on the spine and head side.

• After that the sections are held tightly and the place where the holes to be
produced are marked with pencil.

• Then with the help of the bodkin the holes are produced on the marked places.

Prepared by G. Venkateswaran, Lecturer (S.S.) AGPC, Sivakasi

 • Then using sewing needle we have to perform the three hole stitching.

• The knot has to be made at the center of the book.

Conclusion

Thus we have performed a saddle stitched book.

Prepared by G. Venkateswaran, Lecturer (S.S.) AGPC, Sivakasi

 Ex. No. 3 Performing Perforation and Numbering

Aim

To perform perforation and numbering.

Tools needed

Perforating Machine and Numbering Machine.

Materials needed

Papers

Diagram

Perforation Numbering

Procedure

Perforating is defined as making a series of small holes very close to each other so that
a portion of the sheet can be easily torn away.

There are three types of perforating. They are

1. Round Hole
2. Slot
3. Slit

Like punching machine, this has a male perforator bar and a female punch bar. The
male bar has a number of small pins. When the treadle is pressed the pin pierces
through the sheet and the female punch bar. In this way perforation is done.

Prepared by G. Venkateswaran, Lecturer (S.S.) AGPC, Sivakasi

Numbering

Most of the office stationary such as invoice book, duplicate pads, receipt books, tickets
and account books, require numbering either serially, duplicate, triplicate, quadraplicate
etc..

The hand numbering machine is a small handy machine. Impression is given by hand –
pressure on handle. The machine can be adjusted to single, duplicate, triplicate etc..

But the position of hand numbering is not so accurate as it is done manually.

When the numbering is done horizontal to the sheet, then it is called as horizontal
numbering. (e.g) currency notes and bill books. Normally horizontal numbering is
preferred.

When the numbering is done vertical to the sheet, then it is called as vertical numbering.

Conclusion

Thus we have performed perforation and numbering.

Prepared by G. Venkateswaran, Lecturer (S.S.) AGPC, Sivakasi

Ex. No. 4 Preparing a quarter bound cut flush book using French sewing

Aim

To prepare a quarter bound cut flush book using French sewing.

Tools needed

Needle, Bodkin, Knife, Scale, Pencil

Materials needed

Sewing thread, Kraft paper, Calico cloth, Straw board and Marble Sheet

Diagram

Procedure

• The gathered sections should be jogged on the head and spine side.

• Then they should be marked on the spine side for performing French sewing.

• Then the sections should be sewn by French sewing method.

• Now the straw board should be taken and cut according to the required size of the
book.

• The spine side calico and marble sheet used for covering should be measured and
cut according to the required size.

Prepared by G. Venkateswaran, Lecturer (S.S.) AGPC, Sivakasi

 • Two mull cloth strips should be pasted one on each side of the back of the book.

• After drying, the calico strip should be pasted on the spine side of the book.

• Then the marble sheet should be pasted over the front and back side of the board.

• Then the book should be kept under pressure in the nipping press.

• Then the end papers should be pasted inside the book.

• After completely drying the book, the book should be trimmed in the cutting
machine on the three sides.

Conclusion

Thus we have learnt how to prepare a quarter bound cut flush book using French
sewing.

Prepared by G. Venkateswaran, Lecturer (S.S.) AGPC, Sivakasi

Ex. No.5 Preparation of quarter bound tuned-in book using tape sewing

Aim

To prepare a quarter bound turned-in book using tape sewing.

Tools needed

Needle, Bodkin, Knife, Scale, Pencil

Materials needed

Sewing thread, Tape, Kraft paper, Calico cloth, Straw board and Marble Sheet

Diagram

Procedure

• The gathered sections should be jogged on the head and spine side.

• Then they should be marked on the spine side for performing tape sewing.

• Then the sections should be sewn by tape sewing method.

• Now the straw board should be taken and cut according to the final size of the book

• The spine side calico and marble sheet used for covering should be measured and
cut according to the required size.

• Two mull cloth strips should be pasted one on each side of the back of the book.

Prepared by G. Venkateswaran, Lecturer (S.S.) AGPC, Sivakasi

 • After drying, the book should be trimmed in the cutting machine on the three sides.

• Then, the calico strip should be pasted on the spine side of the book.

• Then the marble sheet should be pasted over the front and back side of the board.

• Then the end papers should be pasted inside the book.

• Then the book should be kept under pressure in the nipping press.

Conclusion

Thus we have learnt how to prepare a quarter bound turned-in book using tape sewing.

Prepared by G. Venkateswaran, Lecturer (S.S.) AGPC, Sivakasi

 Ex. No. 6 Preparing a half bound old style book using recessed cord sewing

Aim

To prepare a half bound old style book using recessed cord sewing.

Tools needed

Needle, Bodkin, Tenon saw, Knife, Scale, Pencil

Materials needed

Sewing thread, Cord, Kraft paper, Calico cloth, Straw board and Marble Sheet

Diagram

Procedure

• The gathered sections should be jogged on the head and spine side.

• Then they should be marked on the spine side for performing recessed cord
sewing.

• Then the sections should be sewn by recessed cord sewing method.

• For performing this saw cuts should be made in the spine side at equal intervals
according to the length of the book.

• Then the cords should be placed in the saw cuts.

Prepared by G. Venkateswaran, Lecturer (S.S.) AGPC, Sivakasi

 • Then the sections should be sewn over the cords.

• Now the straw board should be taken and cut according to the final size of the book

• The spine side calico, corner calico pieces and marble sheet used for covering
should be measured and cut according to the required size.

• Two mull cloth strips should be pasted one on each side of the back of the book.

• After drying, the book should be trimmed in the cutting machine on the three sides.

• Then, the calico strips should be pasted on the spine side and at the four corners
of the board and turned in.

• Then the marble sheet should be pasted over the front and back side of the board
and turned in.

• Then the end papers should be pasted inside the book.

• Then the book should be kept under pressure in the nipping press.

Conclusion

Thus we have learnt how to prepare a half bound old style book using recessed cord
sewing.

Prepared by G. Venkateswaran, Lecturer (S.S.) AGPC, Sivakasi

Ex. No. 7 Preparation of half bound new style book using recessed cord sewing

Aim

To prepare a half bound new style book using recessed cord sewing.

Tools needed

Needle, Bodkin, Tenon saw, Knife, Scale, Pencil

Materials needed

Sewing thread, Cord, Kraft paper, Calico cloth, Straw board and Marble Sheet

Diagram

Procedure

• The gathered sections should be jogged on the head and spine side.

• Then they should be marked on the spine side for performing recessed cord
sewing.

• Then the sections should be sewn by recessed cord sewing method.

• For performing this saw cuts should be made in the spine side at equal intervals
according to the length of the book.

• Then the cords should be placed in the saw cuts.

Prepared by G. Venkateswaran, Lecturer (S.S.) AGPC, Sivakasi

 • Then the sections should be sewn over the cords.

• Now the straw board should be taken and cut according to the final size of the book

• The spine side calico, fore edge side calico pieces and marble sheet used for
covering should be measured and cut according to the required size.

• Two mull cloth strips should be pasted one on each side of the back of the book.

• After drying, the book should be trimmed in the cutting machine on the three sides.

• Then, the calico strips should be pasted on the spine side and at the two fore edge
side of the front and back boards and turned in.

• Then the marble sheet should be pasted over the front and back side of the board
and turned in.

• Then the end papers should be pasted inside the book.

• Then the book should be kept under pressure in the nipping press.

Conclusion

Thus we have learnt how to prepare a half bound new style book using recessed cord
sewing.

Prepared by G. Venkateswaran, Lecturer (S.S.) AGPC, Sivakasi

Ex. No. 8 Preparation of full bound new style book using raised cord sewing

Aim

To prepare a full bound book using raised cord sewing.

Tools needed

Needle, Bodkin, Knife, Scale, Pencil.

Materials needed

Sewing thread, Cord, Kraft paper, Calico cloth and Straw board.

Diagram

Procedure

• The gathered sections should be jogged on the head and spine side.

• Then they should be marked on the spine side for performing recessed cord
sewing.

• Then the sections should be sewn by recessed cord sewing method.

• For performing this saw cuts should be made in the spine side at equal intervals
according to the length of the book.

• Then the cords should be placed in the saw cuts.

Prepared by G. Venkateswaran, Lecturer (S.S.) AGPC, Sivakasi

 • Then the sections should be sewn over the cords.

• Now the straw board should be taken and cut according to the final size of the book

• The calico cloth used for covering the book should be measured and cut according
to the required size.

• Two mull cloth strips should be pasted one on each side of the back of the book.

• After drying, the book should be trimmed in the cutting machine on the three sides.

• Then the calico cloth should be pasted over the front and back side of the board
and turned in.

• Then the end papers should be pasted inside the book.

• Then the book should be kept under pressure in the nipping press.

Conclusion

Thus we have learnt how to prepare a full bound book using raised cord sewing.

Prepared by G. Venkateswaran, Lecturer (S.S.) AGPC, Sivakasi

Ex. No. 9 Preparing a case bound book

Aim

To prepare a case bound book.

Tools needed

Needle, Bodkin, Knife, Scale, Pencil

Materials needed

Sewing thread, Kraft paper, Calico cloth, Straw board.

Diagram

Procedure

• Large printed sheets should be first folded to form signatures.

• Two end papers must also be folded for each book.

• End papers should be glued to the front of the first signature and to the back of the
last signature.

Prepared by G. Venkateswaran, Lecturer (S.S.) AGPC, Sivakasi

 • This process is called tipping and should be done after the signatures have been
gathered and sewn.

• Then the cover board and the stiffeners should be measured and cut according to
our requirements.

• After this the covering material should be cut according to the size of the book.

• Then the boards and stiffener should be placed on the covering material and
marked.

• The unwanted corners of the covering material should be cut.

• Then the covering material should be applied with glue

• The cover boards and stiffeners should be pasted over it.

• All the sides of the covering material should be turned in.

• Then the prepared section should be allowed to dry under pressure.

• After that the case should be attached to the endpapers of the sewn book.

• Then the book should be kept under pressure in the nipping press.

Conclusion

Thus we have learnt how to prepare a case bound book.

Prepared by G. Venkateswaran, Lecturer (S.S.) AGPC, Sivakasi

Ex. No. 10 Performing edge decoration operation

Aim

To perform edge decoration operation.

Tools needed

Brush, Burnisher, lying press.

Materials needed

Water color, thread, Magnesium Silicate Hydroxide, Ammonia, aluminium oxide sand
paper, egg white.

Diagram

Coloring the edge Marbling the edge

Edge gilding

Procedure

Edge decoration can be classified into three categories. They are

1. Coloring the edge.

Prepared by G. Venkateswaran, Lecturer (S.S.) AGPC, Sivakasi

 2. Marbling the edge.

3. Edge gilding.

Now let us see the procedure of performing the three types of edge decoration.

Coloring the edge

• The chosen pigment should be ground up with paste and dissolved in water.

• The book to be colored should be placed in the lying press its fore edge upward.

• The fore edge should be tightly corded with a piece of string.

• The surface of the fore edge should be cleaned before coloring.

• Now the color should be taken by a brush and applied over the book edge.

• After repeating the same procedure to the head and tail edge of the book, the
book is allowed to dry under tight securing of the rope.

Marbling book edge

• The required colors should be mixed in a cup of water.

• Then a size should be prepared by mixing ammonia and oil.

• Then the book with no case attached to it should be tightly tied up with thread
along the fore edge.

• The book should be dipped gently in a sizing trough filled with the prepared size.

• After repeating the same procedure to the head and tail edge of the book, the
book is allowed to dry under tight securing of the rope.

Edge gilding

• The book to be gilded should be dusted with talc (Magnesium silicate hydroxide)
on the edges.

• The book along with gilding boards should be clamped in a lying press.

• Then the edges of the book should be scrapped.

• The book can also be sanded with aluminium oxide sand paper.

• A size of egg white and water should be prepared.

• Before applying size black lead should be applied as filler on the edges.

• After this the size should be applied on the edges of the book.

• Then the correctly cut gold leaf should be laid onto the edges of the book.

Prepared by G. Venkateswaran, Lecturer (S.S.) AGPC, Sivakasi

 • After this a piece of cotton flannel should be used to set the gold leaf onto the
edges.

• After this the edges should be burnished.

Conclusion

Thus we have learnt how to perform edge decoration operation.

Prepared by G. Venkateswaran, Lecturer (S.S.) AGPC, Sivakasi