UNDERSTANDING CULTURE

SOCIETY AND POLITICS

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL: GRADE 11
2nd QUARTER: MODULE 1
Name: ________________________________________ Section: ________________________
Parent Signature: ______________________________ Date Submitted: ________________
 3

COURSE OUTLINE: UNDERSTANDING CULTURE SOCIETY AND POLITICS

WEEK TOPICS LEARNING OBJECTIVES REFERENCES

NO.

7 Non-State
Institutions
• differentiate functions Ederlina D. Baleña, Dolores M. Lucero, Arnel A. Peralta (2016).
of nonstate institutions in Understanding Culture Society and Politics. Quezon city;
society; analyze the Educational Resources Corporation
• similarities and
differences of bank and
corporation; Explain the
• forms and functions of
state and non-state
institutions.

GARDNER COLLEGE wwww.gardner.edu.ph


8 Education as a • Evaluate how functions of
Social Institution education affect the lives
of people in society
• Examine the functions
and importance of
education in the society
• Explain different types of
education in the
Philippines
GARDNER COLLEGE
4
UCSP module published by the Department of Education
Ederlina D. Baleña, Dolores M. Lucero, Arnel A. Peralta (2016).
Understanding Culture Society and Politics. Quezon city;
Educational Resources Corporation
From the book Education and the Significance of Life by J.
Krishnamurti
wwww.gardner.edu.ph
 5

GARDNER COLLEGE wwww.gardner.edu.ph


• describe how human societies adapt
to new challenges in the physical,
social, and cultural environment.
GARDNER COLLEGE
6
Maria Virginia G. Aguilar. PhD. Luis Carmelo L.
Buenaventura. PhD. Josephine R. Lejos-Cruz.
M.A.,Ma. Melinda C. Santos-Delmonte. Llb: Society
Culture and Politics an Introductory text for senior
high school
wwww.gardner.edu.ph
 7

NOTE TO STUDENT AND PARENTS/GUARDIANS:

The main purpose of this module is for students to learn and understand non-state
institutions. There are video lectures available online for all the lessons contained herein.
They can be used as a supplementary study aid if need be. As facilitator of this module,
it is expected that:

• differentiate functions of nonstate institutions in society;

• analyze the similarities and differences of bank and corporation; •
Explain the forms and functions of state and non-state institutions.

1.
LESSON PROPER (WEEK 7): UNDERSTANDING CULTURE SOCIETY AND POLITICS

INTRODUCTION

Non-state institutions are establishments which are not owned and

controlled by the government. Some non-state institutions are for profit and other are
nonprofits and some are for personal investment and for financial help.

Non-state institutions

This are groups and organizations which operate outside the support of any state
or government. They are referred to be ‘stateless’ since they are considered to be
independent of any state, although, they usually collaborate with the government in
implementing projects. Non-state institutions assume different functions and focus on a
specific objective. In general, they develop certain services needed by members of the
society for their progress.

Banks

The term ‘bank’ has no single definition for many authors have provided their
own definition of it. For the purposes of uniformity, we define a bank as a financial
institution licensed to provide several financial services to different types of customers.
Banks are in operation mainly for their deposit and lending function. Customers are
allowed to deposit their money to banks which grow through an interest rate. Banks also
provide loans, at a higher interest rate, to customers who need money either for
personal consumption or for investment and businesses. This process of taking in
deposits and lending them to customers in need is called financial intermediation. This

GARDNER COLLEGE

wwww.gardner.edu.ph
 8

means that the bank serves as a connecting link between its depositors and borrowers
of money.

Banks also act as a custodian of customer’s money, which help guarantee the
safety of each deposit. When a person puts his money in a bank, the amount given is
maintained in a deposit or savings account which prevents the risk of theft and robbery.
Certain types of bank accounts also make it possible for customers to withdraw money
as needed. This ensures a more secured transaction of funds. Some secondary functions
of a bank include money remittance, which make it easier for people to send money
from one place to another. This holds importance especially for overseas Filipino workers
(OFWs) who provide financial assistance to their families in the Philippines. Most banks
also accept payments to house and other utilities such as electricity and water utility.
This function of the bank eases the transaction of its customers with utility companies.

Other bank functions include currency exchange, allowing customers to convert foreign
currencies to another currency they need and safety deposit boxes, which provides
customers a safe place to keep their priced possessions (e.g. gold, silver, or jewelries).

Due to the countless services that banks provide, there are types of bank which
only specialize in a specific bank function. However, there is no clear line categorizing
banks to a classification since one bank may engage itself in several functions. In this
case, a specific bank can be classified into two or more bank types.

Common types of banks

• Retail bank is a type of bank that focuses on consumers or the general public as
its customers. One’s personal bank account, like checking and savings account,
are usually in a retail bank. Retail banks can be considered to be the most
common and widespread of all the types of banks.
• Commercial bank also provides the same services as a retail bank; however, it
focuses on businesses and businessmen as its main customers. Commercial banks
provide short term loans for businessmen to be used for investment purposes.

• Investment or an industrial bank provide medium and long-term loans and

deposits to business industries.

• Agricultural banks, as the name suggests, caters to the financial needs of

farmers and the farming industry. They provide short-term and long-term loans to
facilitate agricultural activities. Loans from this type of bank is used for buying
seeds, fertilizers, land, or any materials needed for farming. An agricultural
country such as the Philippines is unsurprisingly abundant of agricultural banks.

GARDNER COLLEGE

wwww.gardner.edu.ph
 9

Examples of which are the The central bank is the main financial institution in a
country since it supervises the monetary system in the country. It functions as a
regulating institution to all other banks in a country and it issues all the bank notes

(or money bills) and coins of the country in which it operates. The Bangko Sentral
ng Pilipinas is the central bank of the Philippines. A central bank is the only
banking institution established through a special law of the government, which
makes the government of great influence to its central bank.

If you try to think of companies and businesses you know, it is possible that some of them
are corporations, since corporations are one of the most commonly known nonstate
institutions.

Corporation

A corporation is an organization, created by a group of people known as

shareholders, which is legally recognized to act as a single person in carrying out certain
goals and objectives. As a ‘legal person’, a corporation is mandated to enjoy the rights,
privileges, and responsibilities of an individual. Using its own name, a corporation has
the right to enter into contracts, to hire employees, and to loan and borrow money. It is
also authorized to have its own assets.

Any corporation-owned property belongs to the corporation itself and not to the
owners of the corporation. Like most individuals, a corporation is also obligated to pay
taxes. This non-state institution is created to operate businesses and to pursue a
common objective, may it be profit-oriented or not. Although, many corporations are
usually set up for profit. It is important to take note that a corporation is a distinct and
separate entity from the people who own it. This enables the corporation to have
powers and liabilities of its own. Any debt of the corporation is the responsibility of only
the corporation itself; shareholders cannot be personally held accountable for these
debts. This feature also enables the corporation to sue and be sued in behalf of its
name. Any lawsuits directed to the corporation is solely the responsibility of the
corporation itself and not of its owners.

Cooperatives

According to the International Labor Organization (ILO), a cooperative is “an

autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet their common economic,
social, and cultural needs and aspirations, through a jointly owned and democratically
controlled enterprise”.Members of a cooperative usually joins together in order to
achieve a specific objective, an objective which usually benefits the members of the
organization itself. In short, cooperatives are mainly structured to benefit its members

GARDNER COLLEGE

wwww.gardner.edu.ph
 10

and to satisfy its members’ needs. In a cooperative, the people who use its products or
services are the same people who own and control the organization. Cooperatives exist
among different industries and are composed of different types of people, may it be
farmers, consumers, or workers.

Trade Unions
Part of the universal human rights of every individual is his right to organize and
form associations that would protect his rights as a worker; the embodiment of this right
is trade unions. A trade union or labor union is an organization with a membership
composed of workers or employees from related fields, which aim to represent the
interests and rights of its members, both in the workplace and in the society.

While an individual has the capacity to demand better conditions from his
employer, trade unions recognize that a unity of several employees would act as a
more powerful tool in advancing these interests. This is how trade unions became the
voice of the workers to the management; they serve as link between employees and
their employers. Trade unions work to improve certain issues like wage adjustment, good
working environment, and rewards and other benefits.

There are different types of trade unions according to its members.

• General union represents workers with a range of jobs and skills, from different
industries and companies. An example of this type of union is a trade union of
drivers, janitors and office workers.
• Industrial unions are composed of workers from one particular industry, across
different levels of the hierarchy. A trade union of all employees who work in the
mining industry (with different levels and positions) is an example of an industrial
union.
• Craft union seeks to represent skilled workers doing the same work who may be
employed in different industries. A craft union of carpenters is one example.

• White-collar union is composed of professionals doing similar jobs across different

industries. A trade union of teachers and professors is an example of a
whitecollar union.

The TUCP

The Trade Union Congress of the Philippines with 1.2 million members is the biggest
confederation of labor federations I the Philippines. It was founded on December 14,
1975 by 23 labor federations which saw the necessity and importance of uniting

GARDNER COLLEGE

wwww.gardner.edu.ph
 11

themselves into a strong and dynamic labor center. Today the TUCP as the most
representative labor center in the country, is composed of almost 30 federations with
members in all sectors and industries (from agriculture to manufacturing to services)
including government employees

NOTE TO STUDENT AND PARENTS/GUARDIANS:

The main purpose of this module is for students to learn and understand the education as
a social institution. There are video lectures available online for all the lessons contained
herein. They can be used as a supplementary study aid if need be. As facilitator of this
module, it is expected that:

1. Evaluate how functions of education affect the lives of people in society

2. Examine the functions and importance of education in the society
3. Explain different types of education in the Philippines

GARDNER COLLEGE

wwww.gardner.edu.ph