Understanding The Effects of Accelerometer Mounting On Performance

Effects of mounting on
accelerometer performance
Scott Mayo
Line Moisan
The information contained in this document is the property of Meggitt Sensing Systems and is proprietary and/or copyright
material. This information and this document may not be used without the express authorization of Meggitt Sensing
Systems. Any unauthorized use or disclosure may be unlawful.
Information contained in this document is subject to U.S. Export Control regulations, specifically the (choose as
appropriate) International Traffic in Arms Regulations and / or Export Administration Regulations. Each recipient of this
document is responsible for ensuring that transfer or use of any information contained in this document complies with all
relevant (choose as appropriate) International Traffic in Arms Regulations and / or Export Administration Regulations.
Topics
Introduction
Test set up
Hardware
Parameters
Test matrix
Results
Conclusions
Future research
Page 2
© Meggitt Sensing Systems. Proprietary. February 1, 2011
Introduction
Accelerometer users often have questions about how to properly mount

their accelerometers
Sensor manufacturers publish ideal installation parameter requirements
Users must balance ideal requirements with practical limitations on their
particular applications
– What does the user trade-off by not following the ideal requirements?
We will explore the affects of varying installation parameters on

accelerometer performance
Focus is on frequency (amplitude) response, in particular the mounted
resonant frequency
Page 3
Introduction
Mounted resonant frequency: the point of maximum sensitivity in the

sensor’s amplitude response
Result of the natural resonance of the sensor’s mechanical structure
Typical values are 20 kHz and above
Specified as a minimum
Used as a rough measure that sets the upper limit for the sensor’s
bandwidth
Page 4
Introduction
Piezoelectric accelerometers, in particular, have very high amplitude

resonant peaks
Sensitivity at the peak is many times the reference sensitivity
Vibrations in this region can be highly amplified, possibly resulting in
distorted measurements
Manufacturer’s specification assumes ideal mounting conditions

Less than ideal mounting decreases stiffness and increases damping,
causing resonant peak to move down in frequency
Page 5
Introduction
Installation considerations
How the accelerometer is mounted can have a significant affect on the sensor’s
amplitude response
Resonant peak
Sensitivity
Frequency
Page 6
Introduction
Ideal installation parameters

Threaded stud mount type
– Surface flatness, max: 0.0003 inch TIR
– Surface roughness, max: 32 µinch rms
– Tapped hole perpendicularity: 0° ± 1°
– Recommended torque
– Use coupling grease (ultrasonic couplant)
Adhesive mount type

– Bond line as thin as possible
Page 7
Test Methodology
Hardware
Endevco shaker
CAACS
Accelerometers
– Piezoelectric (PE)
7704 2221F 2222C

0.9 oz (25 gm) 0.4 oz (11 gm) 0.02 oz (0.5 gm)
Page 8
Test Methodology
Parameters
Vary torque from recommended value to
under value (50% of recommended torque)
Try grease and dry (no grease) conditions
Page 9
Test Methodology
Parameters
Surface roughness: 16, 32, 64, 125, 250, 500 µinch rms
Page 10
Test Methodology
Parameters
Surface flatness: 0.0005, 0.003, 0.001,
0.01, 0.1 inch TIR
Page 11
Test Methodology
Parameters
Vary adhesives
Loctite Double-back tape Blanchard wax

Aron Alpha Epoxy
Petro wax
Page 12
Test Set up with shaker
Washer to replicate
flatness or roughness
Page 13
Test Matrix
7704 2221F 2222C

stud mounted thru-hole adhesive
stud mounted mounted
Torque/Under torque
√ √ X
Roughness
√ √ X
Flatness
√ √ X
Perpendicularity
√ √ X
Adhesive
X X √
Page 14
2221F Torque - GREASE / DRY
Results - Torque 10K-50K Hz
2221F
Under Torque Grease 10 k Grease
Rec Torque – 50 kHz Under Torque Dry Rec Torque Dry
35
30
dB Sensitivity Deviation (norm at 100Hz)
25
20
15
Rec Torque and Grease
10
Under Torque and Grease
5 Rec Torque and No Grease
0
Under Torque and No Grease
-5
-10
Spec: resonance frequency at 40 kHz
10000 100000
Frequency (Hz)
Page 15
7704 Family Torque GREASE / DRY
Results - Torque 10K-50K Hz
7704
Rec Torque Grease 10 kDry–
Rec Torque 50 kHz
Under Torque Grease Under Torque Dry
35
30
25
20
15
Rec Torque and Grease
10
Under Torque and Grease
5
Rec Torque and No Grease
0 Under Torque and No Grease
-5
-10
10000 100000
Frequency (Hz)
Page 16
2221F Roughness - GREASE / DRY
Results - Roughness 10K-50K Hz
2221F
16 DRY 10 k – 50 kHz
16 GREASE 500 GREASE 500 DRY
35
30
25
20
16 µinch and Grease

15
10
5 16 µinch and No Grease
500 µinch and No Grease
0
-5
-10
10000 100000
Frequency (Hz)
Page 17
0.1” washer to
replicate flatness
Page 18
7704 Family Flatness - GREASE / DRY
Results - Flatness 10K-50K Hz
7704
0.0005 Grease 100.1
k Grease
– 50 kHz 0.0005 Dry 0.1 Dry
35
30
25
20
15
10
0.0005” and Grease
0.0005” and No Grease
5
0.1” and Grease
0
0.1” and No Grease
-5
-10
10000
Spec: resonance frequency at 35 kHz 100000
Frequency (Hz)
Page 19
7704 Family Flatness - GREASE
Results - Flatness 10K-50K Hz
7704
0.0005 100.001
k – 50 0.01
kHz 0.05 0.1
35
30
25
20
15 0.0005” and Grease

0.001” and Grease
10
0.01” and Grease
5
0.05” and Grease
0.1” and Grease
0
-5
-10
10000 100000
Frequency (Hz)
Page 20
Test Set Up
Parameters
Perpendicularity with 0, 2 and 5
degree angle
Page 21
35

30
25

20
15
7704
10 0 degree and Grease 10 k – 50 kHz
5 5 degree and Grease

Results - Perpendicularity
2 degree and Grease

0
2221F 0, 2, 5 degrees - GREASE
10K-50K Hz
-5
0 degree 2 degree 5 degree
-10
-10
35
10000
10000 20000 30000 40000 100000
30
25
2221F
20 0 degree and Grease 10 k – 50 kHz
2 degree and Grease
15
5 degree and Grease
10
Page 22 5
5
DEG
Page 23
Results – Adhesive with Petro Wax
0.015”
0.01” 0.003”
Page 24
Results – Adhesive with Petro Wax
2222C Wax
2222C – Hz
10K-50K Wax
10 k – 50 kHz
Wax 0.003 Min Wax Wax 0.015 Wax 0.01
35
30
Min. thickness
25
0.003” thickness
20 0.01” thickness
0.015” thickness
15
10
-5
-10
10000 100000
Frequency (Hz)
Page 25
Results – Adhesive
Page 26
Results - Adhesive 2222C Glue, Wax and Tape
20-10K Hz
2222C – Glues, Wax and Tape
Epoxy Strong hold wax 20 Loctite
– 10 kHzAron Petro wax Tape
35
30
25
% Sensitivity Dev (norm)
20
15
10
-5
-10
10 100 1000 10000
Frequency (Hz)
Page 27
Results - Adhesive
2222C Glue, Wax and Tape
10K-50K Hz
2222C – Glues, Wax and Tape
Epoxy
10 k Loctite
Strong hold wax
– 50 kHzAron Petro wax Tape
35
Aron Alpha
30 Epoxy
Loctite
25
Blanchard wax
20
Petro wax
15
Tape
10
-5
-10
10000 100000
Frequency (Hz)
Page 28
Conclusions
Coupling grease versus dry mounting conditions

Grease solves a lot of mounting problems
Most critical parameters
Stud mounted
– Perpendicularity
– Flatness
– Torque
Thru-hole stud mounted
– Flatness
– Torque
Adhesive mounted
– Thickness of a material is more important than the material itself
Surface finish (roughness) is not an important parameter as long as grease is
present
Accelerometer design
Thru-hole stud mounted is less affected by perpendicularity
Hard adhesive (Blanchard wax, epoxy, Loctite, Aron Alpha) is more effective than
soft adhesive
Page 29
Future Research
Accelerometers
IEPE
Piezoresistive
Variable capacitance
Triaxial accelerometers
Triax mounting blocks
Parameters
Different coupling viscosity materials (grease, oil, etc)
Roughness with random patterns
Magnetic base
Handheld stinger
Page 30
Thanks to
Meggitt SJC
Marketing/Engineering: Michael Phan (testing), Sandy Smith (console)
Tools and material: Don Deccico (tools and material), Thu-Van Nguyen
(material), Troy Nguyen (material), Dirk Lobbenmeier (factory), Rick Guild
(machine shop), Pete Leonhardt (manufacturing)
Product management: Andy Hohla, Stacy Belanger, Mike Laser (pictures)
Page 31
Questions?
Page 32
The information contained in this document is the property of Meggitt Sensing Systems and is proprietary and/or
copyright material. This information and this document may not be used or disclosed without the express authorization
of Meggitt Sensing Systems. Any unauthorized use or disclosure may be unlawful.
The information contained in this document may be subject to the provisions of the Export Administration Act of 1979
(50 USC 2401-2420), the Export Administration Regulations promulgated thereunder (15 CFR 730-774), and the
International Traffic in Arms Regulations (22 CFR 120-130). The recipient acknowledges that these statutes and
regulations impose restrictions on import, export, re-export and transfer to third countries of certain categories of data,
technical services and information, and that licenses from the US Department of State and/or the US Department of
Commerce may be required before such data, technical services and information can be disclosed. By accepting this
document, the recipient agrees to comply with all applicable governmental regulations as they relate to the import,
export and re-export of information.'
Page 33
7704 Family Roughness - Low/high - DRY/GREASE
Results - Roughness 10K-50K Hz
7704
16 Dry 10
16 k – 50 kHz
Grease 500 Grease 500 Dry
35
30 16 µinch and Grease

25
16 µinch and No Grease
20 500 µinch and No Grease
15
10
-5
-10
10000 100000
Frequency (Hz)
Page 34
2221F
Results - Flatness Flatness - GREASE, 10K-50K Hz
2221F
0.0005 100.001
k – 50 0.01
kHz 0.05 0.1
35
0.0005” and Grease

30
0.001” and Grease
25 0.01” and Grease
0.05” and Grease

20
0.1” and Grease
15
10
-5
-10
10000 Spec: resonance frequency at 40 kHz 100000
Frequency (Hz)
Page 35
Results – Adhesive with Wax
2222C Wax
2222C
20-10K–Hz
Wax
20 – 10 kHz
Wax 0.003 Min Wax Wax 0.015 Wax 0.01
35
30
25
% Sensitivity Dev (norm)
20
15
10
-5
-10
10 100 1000 10000
Frequency (Hz)
Page 36

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Effects of mounting on

Accelerometer users often have questions about how to properly mount

We will explore the affects of varying installation parameters on

Mounted resonant frequency: the point of maximum sensitivity in the

Piezoelectric accelerometers, in particular, have very high amplitude

Manufacturer’s specification assumes ideal mounting conditions

Ideal installation parameters

Adhesive mount type

7704 2221F 2222C

Loctite Double-back tape Blanchard wax

7704 2221F 2222C

5 Rec Torque and No Grease

16 µinch and Grease

15 0.0005” and Grease

Spec: resonance frequency at 35 kHz

dB Sensitivity Deviation (norm at 100Hz)

5 5 degree and Grease

2 degree and Grease

Coupling grease versus dry mounting conditions

Product management: Andy Hohla, Stacy Belanger, Mike Laser (pictures)

30 16 µinch and Grease

500 µinch and Grease

0.0005” and Grease

25 0.01” and Grease

0.05” and Grease

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