ARTAPP NOTES (Midterm)
came under its influence.
ART – from the Latin word Ars which
means ability or skill; everything made by
people
 Tangible – paintings, sculpture
 Intangible – play, literature
VISUAL ARTS – oldest form of art
TWO CLASSIFICATIONS OF ART:
1. Functional Art – has a
purpose, can be used
2. Non-Functional Art –
decorative
ARTIST – make nonfunctional art
ARTISAN- make functional art
FORMS – appearance of the art
ELEMENTS OF ART:
1. Medium – material used
2. Colors – give life, dimensions,
and sets the mood
 PRIMARY – nonmixing
colors, Red, Blue,
Yellow
 SECONDARY –
combination of primary
colors
 COMPLEMENTARY
3. Line – provides dimension
4. Texture – rough, smooth, hard,
soft
5. Content – subject matter
AESTHETIC – philosophy of beauty
LIPP’S THEODOR – describes Aesthetic
as the science of beauty; attracts
attention
NATURE OF ART EUROPEAN (MIDDLE AGE) Constantinople) and in various areas that
 Expression/Communication – King Louis XIV (17th Century)
express feelings and thousands In this era, we begin by considering the
of stories  Established French Royal production and consumption of art from
 Creation – skills and ability Academy the Crusades through to the period of
the Catholic Reformation.
RESPONSES: 19TH CENTURY – Victorians introduced
art in grade school The period witnessed the slow erosion of
 SENSORY – delighted or joy, the crusader states in the Holy Land,
CRITERIA TO BE CALLED AN ARTIST:
feelings finally relinquished in 1291, and of the
 EMOTIONAL – recognition of a  You must have a talent. Greek Byzantine world until
familiar situation or relate to it  You must have skills. Constantinople fell to the Ottomans in
 INTELLECTUAL – inspire  You must have creativity. 1453.
Why is Art Important: Columbus made his voyage to the
DEFINING ART FROM THE MEDIEVAL
Americas in 1942.
 Valuable source of inspiration PERIOD TO THE RENAISSANCE
 Commemorate situations or The Dark Ages is a term for the Early
past events Middle Ages, or occasionally the entire
Middle Ages, in Western Europe after the
ART PROCESS:
fall of the Western Roman Empire that
1. Topic characterizes it as marked by economic,
2. Idea Generation intellectual, and cultural decline.
3. Explore
In the year 476 A.D., the great civilization
4. Refine (Enhance)
of Rome collapsed, thus bringing Europe
5. Output/Final Piece
into a time of “darkness”. 476 A.D.
6. Evaluate
marked the fall of Ancient Rome, the
SUPPORT NETWORK – inspiration; great civilization that ruled most of
helps you create your art Europe until its fall. Trade, diplomacy, and conquest
connected Christendom to the wider
This collapse was limited to Western
TWO PLACES WHERE ART IS FOUND: world, which in turn had a great impact
Rome, which the Byzantine Empire, on art.
 Commercial Art Galleries – also referred to as the Eastern Roman
sell and buy art Empire or Byzantium, was the Artists traveled both within and between
 Museum – for viewing art only; continuation of the Roman Empire in its countries and on occasion, even
preserving art eastern provinces during Late Antiquity between continents.
and the Middle Ages, when its capital city
CRITICS – people who evaluate/judge was Constantinople as the actual seat of Such mobility was facilitated by the
the art if it is good or bad; make network of the European courts which
ancient Rome.
judgments were instrumental in the rapid spread of
the Italian Renaissance.
Eastern Rome, was centered on
ART DIRECTOR – an artist who has an Constantinople and continued to exist for
apprentice many more centuries. Byzantine art,
architecture, paintings, and other visual
arts were produced in the Middle Ages in
the Byzantine Empire (centered at
MEDIEVAL PERIOD
Characteristics of Medieval Art:
 Subjects mostly religious
 Figures look flat and stiff with little
real movement
 Important figures are large
 Fully clothes, draped in deeply
carved, still-looking clothes
 Faces are solemn with little
emotion
 Paintings use vibrant colors
 Flat, two-dimensional painted
figures
 Backgrounds a single color, often
gold, with no interest in creating a
realistic space
The church forbids displaying the naked
human body.
Forms of Art: stained-glass windows,
sculptures, illuminated manuscripts,
paintings, and tapestries
Purposes: to teach religion to people
who cannot read or write
3 MAJOR PERIODS OF MEDIEVAL
ART:
 Early Christian
 Romanesque
 Gothic
EARLY CHRISTIAN AGE (350 C.E)
 The Catholic Church had two
main centers of power: Rome
and Constantinople
 Medieval art was popular in
houses of worship and was
used as decoration for the
public’s appreciation.
ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE (11TH
CENTURY)
 Semi-circular arches, heavy
stone walls, and stable
construction in monasteries and
churches marked the growth of
the European City.
GOTHIC STYLE (12TH CENTURY)
 Was developed as a result of
the French Monarchy
 Menacing gargoyles and flying
buttresses in Gothic Cathedral
FAMOUS ARTIST OF MEDIEVAL
PERIOD
 Duccio di Bouninsegna,
founder of the Sienese School
painting, was one of the
greatest Italian painters
Maesta has been recognized as
the greatest of all his works.
RENAISSANCE PERIOD
Renaissance art is marked by the
gradual shift from the abstract forms of
the medieval period to the
representational forms of the 15th century.
Characteristics of Renaissance Art:
 Both religious and nonreligious
scenes
 Figures look idealized, perfect
 Bodies may look active, moving
 Bodies may be nude or clothed
 Real people doing real tasks of
daily life
 Faces express what people are
thinking
 Colors respond to the light that
falls on them
 Interest in nature, lots of natural
details
 Paintings are symmetrical - An Italian polymath of the High
(balanced on both sides) Renaissance period and is
active as a painter, engineer,
Forms of Art: sculptures, murals, sculptor, architect, and theorist.
drawings, paintings He serves as the role model
applying the scientific method to
Purposes: to show the importance of
every aspect of life, including art
people and nature, not just religion
and music.
- Monalisa and The Last Supper
3 MAJOR PERIODS OF
RENAISSANCE ART:
MICHELANGELO
 Proto-Renaissance
- Michelangelo di Lodovico
 Early Renaissance Art
Buonarroti Simoni known as
 High Renaissance
Michelangelo was an Italian
sculptor, painter, architect, and
PROTO-RENAISSANCE ART (1300-
poet of the High Renaissance
1400)
period.
 It refers to the Renaissance in - The frescoes on the ceiling of
Italy, their activities that the Sistine Chapel
pioneered “figurative realism”.
RAFFAELLO SANZIO DA URBINO
 It is the foundation of what was
considered the period of the
- Known as Raphael was an
Italian Renaissance.
Italian painter, sculptor, and
architect of the High
In the early Renaissance, one of the
Renaissance period
principal characteristics is humanism. It
- He was known and admired for
is a term that refers to revived classical
his clarity of form, ease of
antiquity, meaning its concern is with the
composition, and visual idea of
studies of human – that is grammar,
human grandeur (it means high
history poetry, and even philosophy.
rank or importance).
“I wonder lonely as a cloud.” – William
Shakespeare
HIGH RENAISSANCE (1500-1600)
It is the period of the most exceptional
artistic production of masterpiece in the
Italian state. It is the period of the best-
known paintings, sculptures, and
architecture.
Some of the Famous Artists of the
Renaissance Period
LEONARDO DA VINCI