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UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHEASTERN PHILIPPINES | Page 1 of 13
Republic of the Philippines

University of Southeastern Philippines
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
Iñ igo St., Obrero Davao City
“Center of Excellence in Teacher Education “
Handouts
Topics:
1.INTRODUCTION TO TEAM SPORTS: VOLLEYBALL
MEANING
 Volleyball is a game played by two teams and usually of six players on a side. In which the
players use their hands to bat a ball back and forth over a high net, trying to make the ball
touch the court within the opponents’ playing area before it can be returned.
HISTORY
 Volleyball is a sport that was invented by William G. Morgan in 1895. It's played by two
teams of six players on a court with a high net. The game gained popularity over the years
and became an Olympic sport in 1964. It's now played in different countries and regions
around the world.
EQUIPMENT/MATERIALS
Basic Equipment used in Volleyball
Volleyball is a popular sport but sometimes it can be painful. That’s why it is important for a
volleyball player to understand the pieces of equipment that will prevent injuries and bring
success during the activity.
1. Ball
 Volleyballs come in many colors and sizes. These are made with a variety of materials and are
designed for either indoor or outdoor play.
 It is 25 to 27 inches in circumference and must weigh from 9 to 10 ounces.
 Volleyballs have many more differences between each ball than expected. The main factor that
differentiates each ball is whether they are used outdoors or indoors; indoor volleyballs are
molded together, while outdoor volleyballs are stitched together.
2. Volleyball Net
 The net part of an official volleyball net is 32 feet long by 39 inches tall. For men’s
volleyball, the net should be 8 feet off the ground. For women’s volleyball, the net should
be 7 feet and 4 inches off the ground.
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University of Southeastern Philippines Iñigo Telephone: (082) 227-8192 local 224
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 The main purpose of the volleyball net is to separate each side of the court and signify
how high a volleyball hit needs to stay to be in play.
3. Volleyball Antenna
 The antennas on the net are flexible rods made of fiberglass. They are 1.8 meters long and
10 millimeters in diameter.
 They are used to indicate a vertical out-of-bounds line above the net. They are placed
directly above each sideline to maintain a consistent boundary within the field of play.
 Any ball that touches an antenna or crosses the net outside of either antenna is
considered out of bounds. If a player or ball makes contact with an antenna, or if the ball
crosses the net outside of either antenna, the ball is considered dead.
4. Volleyball Court
 Each side of a volleyball court is 30 feet by 30 feet, making the total size of 60 feet long
by 30 feet wide. The court also has a few lines on it. The back line on each side is known
as the serve line, the line then feet from the net on either side is known as the attack line
(ten-foot line), and the line in the middle is known as the center line.
 The center line, along with the net, separates each team’s side of the court.
5. Volleyball Poles
 Volleyball net poles are between 10.5 feet and 16 feet tall. They are usually made with
steel or aluminum, as the poles must withstand tension and stress during volleyball
matches.
 They are obviously important, considering they hold up the net.
6. Volleyball Jersey
 The typical volleyball jersey is a sleeveless athletic shirt, long sleeve jerseys are
sometimes worn. They usually have a number on the front and back and the team name on
the front as well.
 The colors will vary depending on the team.
7. Volleyball Knee Pad
 Knee pads are considered necessary at most levels of volleyball. A lot of players kneel
to get the ball at lower levels, so knee pads are important to prevent bruising and floor
burns.
 This helps make players more comfortable on the court.
8. Volleyball Elbow Pad
 Elbow pads are sleeves that can be either padded or non-padded. They slide over the
arm and are designed to give cushioning and protection to the elbows.

The importance of these is amplified at higher levels of play, as players tend to


dive more when the match is more competitive.
9. Volleyball Coaches Clipboard
Coaches in volleyball use clipboards to help show their team where to position

themselves, where to hit the ball, and specific strategies to try and outsmart the other
team.
10. Line Painters
Coaches can buy line painters to mark for practices if they practice on a court
that doesn’t have lines.
 Line painters are little wheeled machines that carry paint. The paint sprays on the
ground as you move the machine.
11. Scorecards
Scorecards are used to keep score during volleyball matches.

They are made up of a board with colored cards on them to signify two
different teams.
 The cards flip over the board to reveal the next number up.
12. Volleyball Shoes

 Volleyball shoes have gum rubber soles and are designed for lateral
movement.
 The midsole is usually made of foam, while the back of the sole is usually made
of mesh or nylon.
13. Volleyball Shorts
Volleyball shorts are known for their short and tight-fitting appearance and are a
part of every volleyball player’s uniform.
 They are commonly made of spandex or other lightweight, flexible material to
give volleyball players maximum comfort and mobility on the court.
14. Volleyball Penalty Cards
Similar to soccer, volleyball has yellow and red cards. However, they have
slightly different meanings.
 Yellow cards are considered warning to players if they are behaving poorly and
there is no penalty.
 If a player continues to disrupt play, they will receive a red card, this
means there will be a penalty.

RULES AND REGULATIONS OF THE GAME
1. Player Number Rules
 At any time during a given volleyball match, each team is only allowed a maximum of six
players on the court at once. This ensures that there will be three players positioned in the
back row and three players positioned in the front row.
 The coach is allowed to sub players during the game, depending on the level, and will
have a limited number of subs they can use in a set.
2. Serving Rules
 It is up to each player if they would like to serve overhand or underhand to the other team.
 The server can serve the ball anywhere as long as it is able to get over the net without
hitting the ground or landing out of bounds. If the server is unable to get the ball over the
net and inbounds, or they step on the endline without striking the ball, the referee will stop
play and award the point to the opposing team.
3. Maximum Number of Hits
 A team is only allowed up to three hits to return the ball to the other side of the net. If a team
hits the ball more than three times, the referee will stop play and grant the point to the
opposing team.
 This rule is observed very closely as it keeps the pace of play continuous and
prevents a team from wasting time by hitting the ball back and forth with their
teammates.
4. Double Touch Rules
 In volleyball, a player is not allowed to hit the ball two times in a row with no other hit in
between. This means that if a player hits the ball up in the air, they cannot hit it again until
someone else on their team hits the ball.
 This is used throughout the game to ensure that players are not just setting the ball up to
themselves in order to get a batter hit.
 If a player wishes to hit the ball twice during a team’s part of a rally, they must have one of
their teammates hit the ball to separate the player’s two hits.
5. Net Contact Rules

 During a match the net is bound to be touched by either the ball or players on the court at
some point.
 If a player is deemed to have hit the net, either on purpose or by accident, during a rally,
then their team will lose that point. However, if it is decided that the net hit the player for
any reason, then the player is clear of any violations, and the game can continue without
any penalties being accessed.

6. Team Rotation Rules

 During any given match, a team must rotate when they receive service after winning a point.
 The rotation of a volleyball team is done after they gain the serve, which only occurs after
their team has won a point.
 Rotation ensures that every player will play each position throughout any given match since
they have to rotate through each spot.
 The rotation must be in a clockwise manner.
7. Scoring Rules
 During a volleyball match, the first team to reach 25 points with a lead of at least two
points in one set wins the set. This means that if one team is up 25-23 in the first set,
they would win that set. The winner of a volleyball match is usually the team to win two
out of three sets in a game.
 If a team wins the first two sets, then the third will not be played, and the leading team
wins.
 Volleyball can also be played with a best three out of five structure, which is typically seen
at higher levels. If teams go 1-1 or 2-2 they will play a tiebreaker set. The tiebreaker set
will be played up to 15 points, while all the others will be up to 25.
8. Boundary Lines
 If the ball hits the ground on the boundary line during any match play, the ball is
considered in, and the point is awarded to the team that hit the ball.
 A ball is “out” if it hits (an antennae, the floor completely outside the court, any of the
net cables, stand pole, and ceiling above the non-playable area.
9. Illegal Hits
 Players should always refrain from illegally hitting the ball, as it puts their team at a
disadvantage.
 Illegal hits are any hits that contain an open palm underneath the ball, carrying of the
ball, or throwing the ball.
10. Regulation Court Rules

 Regulation volleyball courts must be 9 meter by 18 meters, with an attack line that is 3
meters from the centerline.
 The lines on the volleyball courts are created so precisely that each and every court
will have the exact same lengths to every line.

11. Scoring Rules

 During a volleyball match, the first team to reach 25 points with a lead of at least two
points in one set wins the set. This means that if one team is up 25-23 in the first set,
they would win that set. The winner of a volleyball match is usually the team to win two
out of three sets in a game.
 If a team wins the first two sets, then the third will not be played, and the leading team
wins.
 Volleyball can also be played with a best three out of five structure, which is typically seen
at higher levels. If teams go 1-1 or 2-2 they will play a tiebreaker set. The tiebreaker set
will be played up to 15 points, while all the others will be up to 25.
12. Boundary Lines

 If the ball hits the ground on the boundary line during any match play, the ball is
considered in, and the point is awarded to the team that hit the ball.
 A ball is “out” if it hits (an antennae, the floor completely outside the court, any of the
net cables, stand pole, and ceiling above the non-playable area.
13. Illegal Hits

 Players should always refrain from illegally hitting the ball, as it puts their team at
disadvantage.
 Illegal hits are any hits that contain an open palm underneath the ball, carrying of the
ball, or throwing the ball.
14. Regulation Court Rules

 Regulation volleyball courts must be 9 meter by 18 meters, with an attack line that is 3
meters from the centerline.
 The lines on the volleyball courts are created so precisely that each and every court
will have the exact same lengths to every line.
BASIC SKILLS
The six basic volleyball skills are passing, setting, spiking, blocking, digging, and serving.
The volleyball serve is the first opportunity for a player to score a point.Once the referee blows the whistle to
start the rally you have 8 seconds to complete your serve routine and get the ball over the net.

Once you toss the ball in the air you must contact the ball to send it over the net or let the ball drop
without touching it again until it hits the floor first. If you let the ball drop to the floor, the referee will blow the
whistle again and this time you have five seconds to serve the ball over the net.
The pass also known as the bump, or the forearm pass is a service reception technique used to contact a ball
that's entered your court area when your team is on offense.
Once the opposing team served ball crosses the net onto your side and arrives just above your hip level, you.
 clasp both hands together

 one palm inside the other
 pointing both thumbs to the ground
This creates a platform with both arms that you use to contact the ball deflecting it from your angled platform
into the air towards the person most responsible for making the second contact on the ball, your setter or if its
the third contact then you send the ball over the net.

The set is usually the second contact in a rally and the person who sets the ball the most is called the setter. The
setter on a volleyball team is like a point guard on a basketball team who runs the offense and calls the plays.
Offensive plays consist of a combination of sets called by using hand signals to eligible hitters who hit these sets at
different heights, speeds and locations along the net in order to confuse the opposing team's blockers in an effort to
score points.
If you are the setter on your team, you determine
 who gets to hit each set

 how high each set will be
 how fast the set will be and
 where along the net or backrow the set will be.

An attack hit or a spike describes the technique commonly used for the third contact in a rally that sends the ball
over the net with power. A spike starts with a three step or four step approach a player uses to jump off the
ground to contact the ball with an armswing while its in the air.
With your spike approach the first two steps are slow and the last two steps are bigger and faster that propel you in
the air gathering momentum as you go, to lift you above the top of the net so you contact the ball with an arm
swing that contacts the ball at its highest height to attack or hit it down into the opposing court
A block is the first opportunity for a team on defense to keep the team on offense from hitting into their court.

\Once the whistle blows and your team serves the ball over the net, your team is on defense, ready to
defend your court.
Once the ball is served, the three front row players on the server's side will work together in an attempt to block a
player by
 forming a wall with their hands, and arms (and for some who jump high their shoulders)
 that extends over and penetrate's the plane above the net
 in order to stop the opposing team's hitter from spiking the ball into the defensive team's court or to a
specific area of the court.
The dig is a slang term used to describe an underhand technique made on the first contact of a ball in a rally
that's been sent over the net with an attack hit.
You sink your hips low to the floor, below the ball before it gets to you and you use your extended arms clasped at
the wrists to create a platform with your forearms to "dig" or deflect the ball up in the air.
If you are the 'digger" or defender your job is to dig the ball up high enough in the air and ideally to the middle of
the court close to the ten foot line, so that the second contact in the rally can be made.

OFFICIALS OF THE GAME
Volleyball Referee (R1)
The first referee carries out his or her responsibilities from a position standing located at the opposite end of the
net from the scorekeeper's table.
Second Referee (R2)
The second referee takes the position facing the first referee on the opposite side of the court. Should the first
referee be indisposed, the second referee assumes the responsibilities and duties of the first referee.

Scorekeeper
The scorekeeper and assistant scorekeeper are seated at the scorekeeper's table, positioned on the side of the court
opposite the first referee and behind the second referee.
Line Judges
The line judges are responsible for assisting the volleyball officials with calls. Calls include the ball lands in, the
ball lands out, the ball hits an object out of play, the ball crosses the net outside the antennae, the ball hits the
antennae, and server foot faults.
Officials Volleyball Ball Crew
Some teams will have a ball crew (ball shaggers) that manage the game balls during play.

VIOLATIONS
1. Center Line Violation

 Players are not allowed to cross the centerline that divides the court in half.
2. Game Delay
 If a team causes any unnecessary interruptions or delays, they will be given a delay warning the first
time and then a delay penalty the second time by the referee.
3. Net Violation
 Players are not allowed to touch the net during a rally.
4. Illegal Substitution
 In most leagues, players can only exit and re-enter the game once per set and must return to their
original position.
5. Service Fault
 If a team serves out of order, they will lose the point automatically.
 if the server fails to serve the ball over the net or in bounds, a service fault is called.
 Foot faults are another type of service fault that occurs when the server steps on or over the baseline
before making contact with the ball on a serve.
6. Attack Hit Fault

 If the ball lands fully out of bounds without being touched by the opponent, a penalty is called.
 Players who are in the back row are not allowed to attack a ball that is above the net in front of the
attack line.
7. Four Hits Violation

 In volleyball, each team is only allowed to touch the ball three times before sending it over the net.

8. Carrying/Lifting
 referred to as lifting, is called when a player makes prolonged contact with the ball rather than having
it bounce off of them.
9. Double Hit
 occurs when the same player hits the ball twice in a row.
10. Rotational Fault

 occur when a team rotates out of order.
11. Volleyball Misconduct Penalty

 Volleyball has penalties for indecent behavior.
12. Assisted Hit Violation

 occur when a player performs an attack with the assistance of an object or a teammate.
13. Blocking Fault

 when a player touches the net while performing a block.
 occurs when a player reaches over the net and touches the ball before being hit by the
opponent.
 It is also important to note that any player in the back row is not allowed to block at the net.



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UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHEASTERN PHILIPPINES | Page 1 of 13

Republic of the Philippines

Basic Equipment used in Volleyball

WE BUILD DREAMS WITHOUT LIMITS

7. Volleyball Knee Pad

8. Volleyball Elbow Pad

WE BUILD DREAMS WITHOUT LIMITS

The importance of these is amplified at higher levels of play, as players tend to

9. Volleyball Coaches Clipboard

10. Line Painters

Scorecards are used to keep score during volleyball matches.

12. Volleyball Shoes

13. Volleyball Shorts

14. Volleyball Penalty Cards

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RULES AND REGULATIONS OF THE GAME

1. Player Number Rules

3. Maximum Number of Hits

4. Double Touch Rules

5. Net Contact Rules

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6. Team Rotation Rules

10. Regulation Court Rules

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11. Scoring Rules

12. Boundary Lines

13. Illegal Hits

14. Regulation Court Rules

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 clasp both hands together

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If you are the setter on your team, you determine

 who gets to hit each set

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OFFICIALS OF THE GAME

Volleyball Referee (R1)

Second Referee (R2)

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Officials Volleyball Ball Crew

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1. Center Line Violation

6. Attack Hit Fault

7. Four Hits Violation

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10. Rotational Fault

11. Volleyball Misconduct Penalty

12. Assisted Hit Violation

13. Blocking Fault

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