TTL: ICT in Education Module 2 and policy makers.

You are educating

students for the unknown, so the best
Topic 1: Need for ICT
you can do is to equip them with the
Different types of literacy: necessary tools to continue learning
anytime, anywhere, on demand.
 Basic Literacy – language and math
proficiency at levels necessary to function Lifelong Learning – learning that is flexible,
within society diverse, and available
 Technological Literacy – knowledge about UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning – works
what technology is, how it works, what on literacy, non-formal education, and adult
purposes it can serve, and how it can be learning as part of lifelong learning
used efficiently and effectively to achieve
specific goals Four Pillars of Education (Delors Report):
 Information Literacy – the ability to
1. Learning to Know
evaluate information across a range of 2. Learning to Do
media; recognize information is needed; 3. Learning to Live Together
locate, synthesize and use information 4. Learning to Be
effectively; and accomplish these functions
using technology, communication networks Advantage: 21st Century Skills
and electronic resources
Six Major Implications for Education Development:
1. Holistic Education Structure
 Each country needs a range of
knowledge and skills to deal with
technology and the globalization of
knowledge to adjust to continuous
economic and social changes.
2. Focus on Learning
 The ancient objective of education, to
teach how to learn, problem solve, and
synthesize the old with the new, is now
transformed from desirable to
indispensable.
3. Education for Everyone (EFA)
 Modern economic, social, political, and  Language Skills
technological requirements demand that  Social Skills – build sustainable
all members of society have a minimum communities where people share with
level of basic education. each other and participate in democratic
4. Education Anytime government
 The need for continuous access to
information and knowledge makes Topic 2: Technologies
education lifelong to help individuals, Radio – the most effective and cheapest means of
families, workplaces, and communities communication to reach large segments of the
to adapt to economic and societal population in urban, coastal, and rural areas
changes, and to keep the door open to
those who have dropped out along the - Often seen as a reliable source for
way. information when other means of
5. Education Anywhere communication break down
 To cope with the diversity and
Major Advantages of Using Radio for Both
complexity of learning needs and the
Mainstream and Distance Education
changing demands for education
services, learning cannot be confined to Mainstream and Formal Community-based
the traditional classroom. It is impractical Distance Education Radio Distance
and expensive to continue to ask Education
learners to come to a designated place - Caters to - Prefers
every time they have to engage in individuals group
learning. - Self-study at learners
6. Preparation for the Future individual’s own - collective
pace learning
 The future is changing so dramatically
- Theoretical efforts
and quickly that it poses a nightmare for - Prescriptive, - actual/
educational decision makers, strategists, ready-made hands-on
 technology is - farmers secure location for the studio and
transferred to knowledge transmitter
farmers base is used  Using Local Radio Stations – may involve
- Passive reception and the rebuilding of local stations and the
by individual additions are training of staff
- Provides ready- made to it;
made answers farmers can Television – traditionally offers a one-way flow of
- Adding knowledge; appreciate information and knowledge
banking or piling themselves
up - self-discover Benefits of Television for Learning:
- Curriculum is by students;
packaged by a evocative  Enable the sharing of cultural experiences
team of experts and  Allow families to spend time together
with no provocative  Present ideas for further reading
consultation with - facilitates  Present values and life lesson
the community learning  Explore controversial or sensitive issues
- Compartmentalize through  Assist in socialization and learning skills
d probing
 Create awareness of other cultures and
- Teacher questions
- Mechanical and - relating people
technical response different  Foster critical and creative thought about
to illiteracy and learning as society and the world
ignorance among discoveries  Present classic, foreign, and historical films
community - curriculum is  Present news and current events
members responsive  Allow viewers to experience music and art
to the of the world
expressed
needs of the Divergent Television – making television part of
community an interactive learning environment, allows for
- integrated adaptive learning choices
- facilitator
- valuing and
affirming
response to
enhance
capacity of
community
members to
analyze and
decide

Gobi Women’s Project - focused on improving

the education level in both urban and rural
environments by using radio technology’s ability to
reach out to families and learners over large areas
in remote regions Audio Recording and Playback Devices –
Learning for Life, Mongolia – follow-up project of proved useful in developing language and listening
the 1992 Gobi Women’s Project comprehension in students

Two Components of Learning for Life, Mongolia: Video – can be stored on a variety of media
including videocassette, VCD, and DVD, which
 Youth Business Program allows for the recording and distribution of
 Family Learning Program programming

Radio: Strategies for Use
 Fly-away Radio Stations – consists of a
box measuring around 55 x 50 cm,
containing a laptop computer, a mixer, a
compact disc/cassette player, and a 30 watt
FM transmitter that can be used to produce
radio programs
 Radio in a (Bigger) Box – involves putting
a complete radio station inside a standard
sea container, providing an instant safe and
Video Compact Disc (VCD) – allows audiovisual
data to be stored and played back using a CD-
ROM
Digital Video Disc or Digital Versatile Disc (DVD)
– an optical disc that has the same physical
dimensions as a CD but with a much greater
storage capacity, used for multimedia instructional
materials that require storage of large files
Computer Technologies: Four Basic Rationales:
1. Economic – produce ICT-skilled workforce
 2. Technology – technology awareness concerns,
through computer education especially for
3. Education Quality/Reform – improve young or naïve
quality of education, upgrade existing users
curricula, and implement educational
reforms Web 2.0 – a new dimension of collaborative
4. Educational Resource – importance of the sharing of information
Internet as a rich source of learning
resources and the need for individuals to be Wireless Technology – uses radio waves, infrared
able to access those resources waves, and microwaves instead of wires to carry
signals between communication devices
Computers in Schools:
Satellite – offers a broad reach and diverse
 Computers in classrooms opportunities to make data and information
 Computer room or labs available in urban and, more importantly, in rural
 Computers-on-wheels (COWs) and remote areas that cannot be reached by other
 Computers in libraries and teachers’ room methods
Computers Outside Schools Satellite-Based Technologies:
 Computers in a bus 1. Broadcasting – includes radio and
 Computers in Community Multimedia television broadcast of educational
Centres (CMCs) or Computer Learning programs; one-way, from a broadcaster
Centres (CLCs) (station) to the end-user at a fixed time
 Computers in public libraries
2. Interactive Television – refers to any form
Internet – a large group of computers from around of interaction with a television or broadcast
the world all connected together, allowing users to service; two-way broadcasts provide an
access and send information throughout the opportunity for users to communicate back
network with the broadcaster or station
Pros and Cons of Internet Use
Video on Demand (VOD) – provide users
PROS CONS with a service where the viewers can
- Vast amounts - Too many choose to receive educational programming
of information resources can on their television at whatever time is
available, more tempt students convenient
than any library to plagiarize and
can offer can affect their
One Way Broadcast with Asymmetric
- The Internet work ethic with
Return – provides viewers watching a
can promote an
reading, writing overdependence broadcast with the ability to interact “live”
and on the internet
communication - There is much 3. Data Broadcasting and Multi-Tasking –
skills commercialism refers to digital files – including video, web
- The Internet in the material sites, analytical and statistical information,
promotes found on the applications, and software updates – sent to
critical thinking, Internet and end-users through satellite systems
problem much
solving, group undesirable 4. Internet Access – made possible through
work skills, and content, satellite services
creativity including
- It allows faster pornography
5. One and Two-Way Connectivity and
communication - As information
between may come from VSAT Networks – a network service
schools, unreliable or provided by satellite specifically designed to
teachers, biased sources, allow instruction to reach students or
parents, and users need to be teacher in remote areas
students critical about the
veracity of the
information Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT) – enables
- The privacy of the relay of data from terrestrial locations to other
personal terrestrial locations using satellites
information
Low-Cost Computing Devices – (limited ability
needs to be
portable computers), designed for students to use
protected and
there are as a personal study aide and communications
security device
One Laptop Per Child (OLPC) Initiative –
“US$100 laptop,” best-known low-cost computing
development efforts
Benefits of Low-Cost Computing Devices:
 Cheaper than their traditional counterparts,
which addresses the issue of affordability in
developing countries
 Promote local ownership and are developed
according to the actual needs of learners in
developing countries
 Encourage social equality, with ICT no
longer being only for the rich
Drawbacks of Low-Cost Computing Devices:
 They currently have limited capacity, as few
people are using them.
 It is an open question as to whether there
will be continued commitment from the IT
community to support and develop these
devices, meaning the future security and
stability of low-cost computing devices as a
platform for education is in doubt.
Key Issues Concerning Low-Cost Computing
Devices:
 The need for appropriate content
 The ongoing operating cost
 The requirement for training
 The question sustainability
Pre-recorded Instructional Television – lectures
Topic 3: Challenges
National Challenges:
 New Worldwide economy
 Modern society becoming knowledge
dependent
 Bridging the digital divide
 Lack of awareness
 Lack of technical and policymaking capacity
 Need for greater political leadership
 Ineffective coordination among agencies
with ICT responsibilities
Educational Challenges:
 Each country, to varying degrees, continues
to struggle with issues of children out of
school and illiterate youths and adults
 Inequities in educational opportunities,
quality of educational services, and level of
learning achievement persist by gender,
rural/urban locality, ethnic background, and
socio-economic status
 In most developing countries, the quality of
learning is lacking and there is little ability to
measure the quality of learning
 In too many cases, students learn old
curriculum in decades-old ways. Change is
slow and isolated.
 Resources are stretched to the breaking
point. Not enough students are educated,
and the ones who are too often receive a
low-quality education.
Other Challenges:
 Wide Variations in Factors and
Circumstances
 Lack of Informed Discussion
 Low Quality Training
Regional Examples: Philippines and Israel
 ICT is used to improve the quality of life of
disadvantaged youth and to promote
understanding between different cultures.
Topic 4: People
Three Roles:
 School Level: Teachers
- Teachers and instructors are the personnel
who deliver and manage learning. Their
primary task is to optimize and enhance
learning. They have expertise in the
pedagogical aspects of learning as well as
specific knowledge about the content itself.
Teachers and instructors provide the
interface between the learning technologies
and the learner.
 District Level: Education Administrators
- Education administrators are responsible
for the smooth implementation of activities
from the district down to the school level.
Administration responsibilities could be
confined to specific learning environments
(classroom or school) or broader contexts of
management such as funds, resource
allocation and staffing.
 National Level: Policy Makers
- Policy makers are those who influence the
decision-making process at the highest
level. They set directions, make informed
decisions about the availability of resources,
monitor design and implementation, and
gauge the success of the project. There are
also policy makers at the district and school
levels whose power and responsibility are
limited to their respective districts and
schools.
Coordination for Success:
1. Integrated Initiatives
2. Measurement and Evaluation
3. Partnership Relationships
Topic 5: Making Good Decisions
Model #1: Strengths, Weaknesses,
Opportunities, Threats (SWOT) Analysis – helps
you assess the strengths and weaknesses of your
organization’s capabilities, as well as opportunities How: RoI
and threats to your project
6. Evaluate and Upgrade
Positive Negative What: evaluate results and upgrade design
Internal Strengths Weaknesses
if necessary
External Opportunities Threats
How: RoI/intangible benefits
ICT in Schools:
Model #2: Return on Investment (RoI) Model –
establish the value of the project by calculating its Principals:
expected return
 Be provided with technical advice and
professional development opportunities
 Consult outside the school environment for
technical advice to assist with decisions
 Ensure that staff receive professional
development
Schools:

 Develop a strategic plan that is underpinned

with technical planning requirements
 Consider student access and the best way
of integrating ICT into teaching and learning
ICT Committee:

 Be redefined so their role includes the

planning and development of ICT
Regional Examples:

 Living Heritage (New Zealand) – a

program that brings schools, students, and
ICT together in creating a permanent,
accessible digital record of New Zealand’s
heritage
 Kidlink (Norway) – actively promote the
Broader Model: information society as a tool for educational
Define → Research → Compare → Decide → solutions and borderless co-operation
Design and Implement → Evaluate and Upgrade between children

1. Define
What: define the situation/context and the
desired outcome/goals
How: reaction and/or satisfaction and
planned action

2. Research
What: research and identify pathways and
options
How: learning

3. Compare
What: compare and contrast each
alternative and its consequences
How: SWOT Analysis

4. Decide
What: make a decision with justification and
choose an alternative
How: business impact

5. Design and Implement

What: design and implement an
action/operational plan