auto

The auto keyword declares automatic variables. For example:

auto int var1;

This statement suggests that var1 is a variable of storage class auto and type
int.
Variables declared within function bodies are automatic by default. They are
recreated each time a function is executed.

Since automatic variables are local to a function, they are also called local
variables. To learn more visit C storage class.

break and continue

The break statement terminates the innermost loop immediately when it's
encountered. It's also used to terminate the switch statement.

The continue statement skips the statements after it inside the loop for the
iteration.

for (i=1;i<=10;++i){

if (i==3)

continue;

if (i==7)

break;
 printf("%d ",i);

Output

1 2 4 5 6

When i is equal to 3, the continue statement comes into effect and skips 3.
When i is equal to 7, the break statement comes into effect and terminates
the for loop. To learn more, visit C break and continue statement

switch, case and default

The switch and case statement is used when a block of statements has to be
executed among many blocks. For example:

switch(expression)

case '1':

//some statements to execute when 1

break;

case '5':

//some statements to execute when 5

break;

default:
 //some statements to execute when default;

Visit C switch statement to learn more.

char
The char keyword declares a character variable. For example:

char alphabet;

Here, alphabet is a character type variable.

To learn more, visit C data types.

const
An identifier can be declared constant by using the const keyword.

const int a = 5;

To learn more, visit C variables and constants.

do...while
int i;

do

printf("%d ",i);

i++;

while (i<10)

To learn more, visit C do...while loop

double and float

Keywords double and float are used for declaring floating type variables. For
example:

float number;

double longNumber;

Here, number is a single-precision floating type variable whereas, longNumber is a

double-precision floating type variable.
To learn more, visit C data types.
if and else
In C programming, if and else are used to make decisions.

if (i == 1)

printf("i is 1.")

else

printf("i is not 1.")

If the value of i is other than 1, the output will be :

i is not 1

To learn more, visit C if...else statement.

enum
Enumeration types are declared in C programming using keyword enum. For
example:

enum suit

hearts;

spades;

clubs;

diamonds;
};

Here, an enumerated variable suit is created having

tags: hearts , spades , clubs, and diamonds .

To learn more, visit C enum.

extern
The extern keyword declares that a variable or a function has external linkage
outside of the file it is declared.

To learn more, visit C storage type.

for
There are three types of loops in C programming. The for loop is written in C
programming using the keyword for . For example:

for (i=0; i< 9;++i){

printf("%d ",i);

Output

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
To learn more, visit C for loop.

goto
The goto statement is used to transfer control of the program to the specified
label. For example:

for(i=1; i<5; ++i)

if (i==10)

goto error;

printf("i is not 10");

error:

printf("Error, count cannot be 10.");

Output

Error, count cannot be 10.

To learn more, visit C goto.

int
The int keyword is used to declare integer type variables. For example:

int count;

Here, count is an integer variable.

short, long, signed and unsigned

The short, long, signed and unsigned keywords are type modifiers that alter
the meaning of a base data type to yield a new type.

short int smallInteger;

long int bigInteger;

signed int normalInteger;

unsigned int positiveInteger;

Range of int type data types

Data types Range

short int -32768 to 32767

long int -2147483648 to 214743648

signed int -32768 to 32767

unsigned int 0 to 65535

return
The return keyword terminates the function and returns the value.

int func() {

int b = 5;

return b;

This function func() returns 5 to the calling function. To learn more, visit C
user-defined functions.

sizeof
The sizeof keyword evaluates the size of data (a variable or a constant).

#include <stdio.h>

int main()

printf("%u bytes.",sizeof(char));

To learn more, visit C operators.

Output

1 bytes.
register
The register keyword creates register variables which are much faster than
normal variables.

register int var1;

static
The static keyword creates a static variable. The value of the static variables
persists until the end of the program. For example:

static int var;

struct
The struct keyword is used for declaring a structure. A structure can hold
variables of different types under a single name.

struct student{

char name[80];

float marks;
 int age;

}s1, s2;

To learn more, visit C structures.

typedef
The typedef keyword is used to explicitly associate a type with an identifier.

typedef float kg;

kg bear, tiger;

union
A union is used for grouping different types of variables under a single name.

union student {

char name[80];

float marks;

int age;

To learn more, visit C unions.

void
The void keyword meaning nothing or no value.

void testFunction(int a) {

.....

Here, the testFunction() function cannot return a value because its return type
is void.

volatile
The volatile keyword is used for creating volatile objects. A volatile object can
be modified in an unspecified way by the hardware.

const volatile number

Here, number is a volatile object.

Since number is a constant, the program cannot change it. However, hardware
can change it since it is a volatile object.
Basic types
Here's a table containing commonly used types in C programming for quick
access.

Type Size (bytes) Format Specifier

int at least 2, usually 4 %d , %i

char 1 %c
 Type Size (bytes) Format Specifier

float 4 %f

double 8 %lf

short int 2 usually %hd

unsigned int at least 2, usually 4 %u

long int at least 4, usually 8 %ld , %li

long long int at least 8 %lld , %lli

unsigned long int at least 4 %lu

unsigned long long int at least 8 %llu

signed char 1 %c

unsigned char 1 %c

long double at least 10, usually 12 or 16 %Lf

%d for int

%f for float

%lf for double

%c for char
để hiện số thập phân trong C chúng ta sẽ sử dụng chuỗi định dạng %f trong
hàm printf. Vậy bây h ta thay đổi chuỗi định dạng thành %.xf với x là số chữ
số thập phân muốn hiện sau dấu phẩy. Như vậy tất cả các số sau x chữ số sẽ bị
loại bỏ khi hiển thị.

ASCII Value
#include <stdio.h>

int main()

char chr;

printf("Enter a character: ");

scanf("%c", &chr);

// When %c is used, a character is displayed

printf("You entered %c.\n",chr);

// When %d is used, ASCII value is displayed

printf("ASCII value is %d.", chr);

return 0;