MAHARASHTRA NATIONAL LAW

UNIVERSITY, MUMBAI.

Sociology Project Semester 1

TOPIC- EXAMINING CASTE DISCRIMINATION ON THE BASIS OF

JOB OPPORTUNITIES

SUBMITTED BY -KRISHNA KASAWAR

SUBMITTED TO -PROF. SHRADDHA GAIKWAD
SUBMISSION DATE – 02/11/2023
YEAR- 1 (SEMESTER 1)
SECTION -A
ENROLLMENT ID -2023048
 INTRODUCTION

Caste is a system of social stratification that is based on factors such as birth, occupation,
and hereditary rank. It is a social institution that is strongly embedded in many communities
all over the world. Its defining characteristic is the hierarchical division of people into
several groups, each with its own rights, advantages, and obligations. In the past, caste
systems were common in some African, Middle Eastern, Southeast Asian, and ancient
civilizations including India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka. Contrary to popular belief, caste
generally leads to the continuation of social injustice and discrimination, but caste's precise
nature and effects vary greatly among cultures. The study of caste is essential to
comprehending the complexity of social structures and the persistence of inequality in many
countries. Caste plays a vital role in determining job and life opportunities for one-fifth of
the world’s population.
In India the caste system is the biggest issue since way back, even in the current society we
will find lot of issue related to caste discrimination even it is been prohibited by the
government it is same with most of the countries in the world. The caste system has been
reduced drastically within few years but not that much, it still existe in the society even in
the urban areas and the rural area.
Since 1948, caste discrimination in India has been prohibited by law but it is still in
practice. In 1950, the Indian constitution added another prohibition on it. As said earlier
technique is still in use, nonetheless in some regions of the country. India is a diverse
country, it has 3000 castes and 25000 sub castes but every caste is associated with a certain
profession. In India, they don’t use the term caste instead a term close to it “JATI” is used in
terms of its connection to the concept of lineage. In India Jati varies in terms of location, but
in every region, society Dalits are considered the lowest of the hierarchy and have to endure
prejudice for millennia.

Especially in nations like India, where the caste system has had a significant impact on
society, caste discrimination is a pervasive social problem that dates back many centuries.
The area of job prospects is one of the major contexts where caste discrimination still has a
substantial impact. History has shown that access to education, employment, and economic
prosperity have all been significantly influenced by the caste system, which divides people
into different social groupings.
With a focus on understanding its various facets, implications, and measures taken to address
this long-standing issue, the project seeks to shed light on the persistence of caste
discrimination in the job market.
Caste-based discrimination in the workplace is a complex problem that not only affects
people's livelihoods and financial security but also maintains social imbalances. Historically
marginalized communities have frequently encountered barriers to work, largely because of
prejudice and bigotry related to their caste identity. Different forms of discrimination, such as
unequal compensation, barriers to job advancement, and even outright exclusion from
particular professions, might take place.
Caste-based discrimination has an effect on a nation's entire socioeconomic growth in
addition to having an influence on individuals. The development and advancement of the
entire society is hampered when a sizeable segment of the population is refused equitable
access to employment opportunities.
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
Over two millennia have passed since the Indian caste system was established, and Hindus
still adhere to it today. The system, which dates back to the early Indian subcontinent's
civilization, divides people into four main groups based on their occupations and traditions:
Kshatriyas (rulers or warriors), Vaishyas (landowners and merchants), Sudras (servants),
and Brahmins (priests and teachers). The untouchables, also known as Dalits, are the lowest
group among all of these groups.
The caste system in India dates back over two millennia, and it is currently considered a
Hindu custom. Originating in the early civilization of the Indian subcontinent, the system
divides people into four main groups based on their professions and traditions: Kshatriyas
(rulers or warriors), Vaishyas (landowners and merchants), Sudras (servants), and Brahmins
(priests and teachers). At the bottom of the pyramid are the untouchables, also known as
Dalits.
However, a few of historians argue that "the caste system began with the arrival of the
Aryans in India in 1500 BC." Although not the earliest, the Aryan literal records include the
first documented and continuous history of the factor contributing to caste prejudice. the
Aryans were the light skin people who originated in southern Europe and northern Asia.
Unfortunately, the Indo-Aryans entirely absorbed the local culture and started there, pushing
locals into the northeast Indian jungle at the same time. As a result, it has already been
significantly influenced by them.
Many members of the lower castes who were subjected to oppression began to convert to
Buddhism in the sixth century; this was mostly due to the violence prevalent in Hindu culture
at the time. including the caste system's brutality. Buddhism placed equal emphasis on the
individual and the community. therefore severing religion from their ambitions for
dominance and authority.
One of the most significant and essential aspects of Indian civilization is the caste system. In
Hindu society, caste distinctions influence social interactions, and people from different
castes are expected to behave and hold different beliefs. Hinduism has always used the caste
system as its social structure, and more people are starting to acknowledge this. Hinduism is a
religion as well as a social system.
Gandhi ji began calling untouchables "Harijans" during the national struggle to promote a
shift in perceptions of those from lower castes. Prior to and during independence, a great deal
of governmental initiatives and activities were launched in an attempt to combat and
ultimately eradicate caste-based discrimination and its injustices. The British started counting
people in India in the late 19th century. In 1935, the Indian government published a list of
400 groups that were considered untouchables, along with several tribal communities that
would receive special rights to help them overcome discrimination and poverty.
STATEMENT OF RESEARCH PROBLEM
Caste discrimination has been a major issue for many countries and societies. It has been
going on for a long back and has been a pervasive and deeply entrenched social issue in
India, it shapes the lives and opportunities of millions of families and also affects many
different aspects of an individual’s life which includes education and job opportunities. Caste
discrimination involves massive violation of the people's civil, political, economic, social,
and cultural rights.
One of the critical dimensions of this discrimination is its impact on access to job
opportunities and how lower caste employees are treated differently than others. This
research paper aims to provide a thorough examination of the historical context, current state,
challenges, and solutions to discrimination based on job opportunities.
This project is significant because it analyses important issues like providing first-hand
evidence to the pokily makers and government to tackle caste discrimination. Findings and
recommendations would also help to more equitable job market and foster social equality and
justice.
This project aims to provide insights into the impact and caste discrimination on job
opportunities and the workplace based on the Indian context. Also, it discusses how the
reservation system helped and changed the whole scenario in India also its effect’s positive
and negative aspects. One more motive is to discuss the efforts made by the government to
achieve equality and stability in job opportunities and caste discrimination all over India.

Research Questions
1. Historical context of caste discrimination, and how has it influenced job opportunities
for lower caste people?
2. What are the main points of the Indian reservation system, and how have they
affected the distribution of job opportunities among different caste systems?
3. Challenges faced by the reservation system, and how do they affect the major issue
of caste discrimination in job opportunities?
4. What efforts are being made by the government legally and socially to tackle caste
discrimination in the workplace, and what are the prospects of achieving equality in job
opportunities regardless of caste discrimination?
AIM
The main aim of this project is to comprehensively examine and analyze caste-based
discrimination in job opportunities. Also, the study aims to investigate the historical context
of caste discrimination in India, with a focus on job opportunities for the lower caste people.
Additionally, to explore the Indian reservation system and its impact on job opportunity and
distribution, the challenges it faces. The efforts made by the government to address caste
discrimination in the workplace. Ultimately assessing the prospects of achieving equality in
job opportunities and workplace regardless of caste.

OBJECTIVE
1. To raise awareness among the people about the issue of caste discrimination in job
opportunities and to promote a more inclusive and equitable job market.
2. To analysis the historical context of caste discrimination in India, tracing its origin
and examining how it has shaped the modern world.
3. To examine the main points of the Indian reservation system, including its beginning
and the rationale behind its implementation.
4. Also to access the impact of the reservation system on the distribution of job
opportunities among caste different caste systems, with a focus on representation and
participation of lower caste individuals in various sectors. Also the challenges faced
by the reservation system.
5. To examine the social and legal measures taken by the government to combat caste
discrimination in the workplace.
6. To promote awareness and understanding of the issues surrounding caste
discrimination in job opportunity.

REVIEW OF LITERATURE
1. The Caste System
This text discusses caste-based discrimination and segregation in various countries
like Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Japan but primarily focuses on India. Talks about the
historical context of caste discrimination on the basis of job opportunities. In the
historical context, a person's caste is determined by birth and typically remains
unchanged throughout their life and the job was decided on the basis of caste and the
parent's occupation is given to the child. In 1997 there were only two Dalit medical
doctors and fifteen engineers in Nepal this shows how caste plays an important role in
job opportunities
.

2. The Role of Indian Caste Identity and Caste Inconsistent Norms on

Status Representation
The intricate social hierarchy known as the Indian caste system restricts social mobility and
establishes permanent rank hierarchies based on inherited vocations. People feel a strong feeling
of caste identification as a result of this framework. The study looks at the effects of breaking
caste rules and how people perceive their social standing in their minds. Higher caste norms are
 tied to moral principles, while lower caste norms are connected to immorality. The study
hypothesises that when caste standards are broken, high caste members will become more salient
in their high caste identification and devalue the status of their fellow in-group member if they are
thought to be the culprit. This is known as the "black sheep effect." Social conflict situations with
a victim and an offender were shown to participants, with scenarios that either adhered to or
defied caste standards.. The results support the existence of the black sheep effect and indicate
that no other identity (religious, national, or regional) led to the devaluation of in-group members'
status. This research sheds light on the black sheep effect in the context of moral norms and status
representation within the framework of Indian society.

3. Caste discrimination in Bengaluru corporate: Dalit employee dies by suicide

A Dalit employee who is 34 years old working for a corporate firm in Bengaluru
committed suicide just after hours of filling a police complaint where he alleged
“caste discrimination and atrocity at the workplace” he also shared a video on
YouTube that he couldn't go any further with this discrimination he was facing. There
is another case where caste discrimination plays a role “India’s engineers have
thrived in Silicon Valley. So has its caste system” hear Dalit and Asian people
faced discrimination, and many Dalits also faced some personal questions during job
interviews main aim behide all this was to identify their caste. It was reported by 20
female Indian engineers belonging to the Dalit caste working for major tech
companies also reported facing caste bias within the industry. Dominant castes were
given preference and favored peers and performance reviews. So from this, we can
say that caste reservation plays a role in job opportunities and the workplace.

4. GOVERNMENT POLICIES

The government is making continuous efforts to reduce caste discrimination in job

opportunities and workplaces. Some of the policies and efforts are mentioned below
Reservation in legislature
Article 330 and Article 332 provides reservation seat for scheduled castes and
scheduled tribes in the legislation assemblies of the state it helps to bring up the
problems faced by the Dalits and lower caste peoples with the help of the selected
members. Some other schemes are Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana, Stand Up India
Scheme, etc. and all governments must look into the effective implementation of laws
and policies to protect them from discrimination education and awareness raising,
economic empowerment, collaboration, and dialogue among civil society.

REFERENCES

1. https://www.hrw.org/reports/2001/globalcaste/caste0801-03.htm
2. Mosse, D. (2018). Caste and development: Contemporary perspectives on a structure
of discrimination and advantage. World Development, 110, 422-436.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.06.003
 3. https://web.archive.org/web/20230618141100/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/bangalo
re/caste-discrimination-in-bengaluru-corporate-dalit-employee-dies-by-suicide-8663420/
4. https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2020/10/27/indian-caste-bias-silicon-valley/
5. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5374864/
6. https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/scheduled-castes-among-worst-
sufferers-of-india-s-job-problem/story-Qh0hyHy9UUTg1cIOpi5l2K.html

Methodology:
Research in social sciences is an ongoing process. Continuous upgradation and improvement
of available facts is an important task to undertake. Therefore it is necessary to use the correct
methods in conducting a research. The proper modes of data collection and then analysis are
varied. Intersection of different methods leads to a proper conduction in research topic that
will help us to arrive at viable conclusions.

This research is based on the topic : Catse discrimination in employment opportunities in

India. The topic was selected meticulously after understanding the needs of current Indian
context and importance of the data analysis in this vastly understudied field. Caste politics
manifest themselves into customs that may seem general and acceptable on the surface but
cause a lot of division and discrimination. Therefore we take up this topic to formulate
responses to overcome at some level the differences.

The mode of research is secondary. It means I have gone through several articles and research
papers already available online to support my theories on caste based discrimination.
Secondary methods involves the use of reputed sites like academic journals, published
research papers, books authored by economic professors, social surveys etc. The data derived
form the available material was categorized to fit the selected research problems.
Comparative analysis was used to find similar patterns and identify similarities between
similar researchers publications.

Primary method of collection would not be possible due to limitation in time and non
availability of proper sample personnel to conduct surveys and or interviews.

As this is an academic endeavour, proper credits and citations are given to original author
owners of the work. Available data is further categorised in charts and graphs for
betteunderstanding of the material.

ANALYSIS

1. Historical context of caste discrimination, and how has it influenced job opportunities
for lower caste people?

Lower caste people's employment prospects have been significantly impacted by caste
discrimination, which has a long history in India. People are born into particular castes that
dictate their social standing and line of work. This creates a social and hierarchical division of
society known as the caste system. Previously, the Scheduled Castes and Dalits, who belong
to the lowest caste, faced extreme social marginalisation and discrimination since they were
viewed as "untouchables." While those from higher castes were able to pursue very profitable
and prestigious careers, they were relegated to menial and demeaning jobs including manual
labour, leatherwork, and sanitation.

The occupation-based segregation and discrimination posed major obstacles to schooling and
career prospects for people from lower castes. They experienced prejudice and bigotry in the
employment market, limited economic means, restricted social mobility, and frequent denials
of higher education. Caste-based prejudice continues in many forms even after untouchability
was officially outlawed and reservations—a kind of affirmative action—were put in place to
provide people from lower castes equal opportunities. Their employment opportunities and
ability to advance in society are nevertheless hampered by a lack of access to high-quality
education, economic inequalities, social stigma, and unconscious prejudice.

Research has indicated that people from lower castes experience prejudice in both the public
and private spheres. Because of their caste background, they frequently face barriers to
employment, promotions, and career advancement. Discrimination might appear as unfair
assessments, unequal treatment, and less chances for career advancement. The necessity for
inclusive practises and diversity has been acknowledged by organisations and legislators,
and there has been a surge in awareness and measures to combat caste discrimination in
recent times. However, it will take consistent work, legislative changes, and a change in
public perception to eradicate decades of social discrimination and provide lower-caste
people with equal employment prospects.

The article explains how caste systems divide up labour in many countries, including the
Wolof of Senegal, India, Sri Lanka, and Japan. A prevalent characteristic of caste systems is
occupational segregation, wherein individuals are limited to particular vocations that are
regarded appropriate for their caste. Social inequality is sustained by such practises, which
lead to a hierarchical division of work. The text emphasises the prejudice that members of
lower castes experience in a variety of countries. Certain vocations are viewed as "filthy" and
assigned to lower castes, and prejudice against them is frequently based on ideas of pollution
and purity. Social stigmatisation and economic inequality among various caste groups result
from this. Understanding the historical and cultural elements that uphold these caste-based
systems is made possible by the book It notes that in certain instances, such as the example of
the Indian Tamils who were sent to Sri Lanka as prisoner labour in the 18th century, similar
occupational distinctions have endured for generations. The continuing character of labour
allocation based on caste is partly attributed to its historical roots.

The existence of "caste-based jobs" in some industries is one instance of caste discrimination
in employment possibilities. Traditionally, several professions have been linked to particular
castes, which has resulted in less work options for those from lower castes. For instance, in
many rural areas, people from lower castes might only be allowed to work in low-status,
menial jobs like manual scavenging, leatherwork, or sanitation. This caste-based
discrimination prevents them from obtaining other well-paying and socially esteemed
positions. In some areas and businesses, occupational prejudice of this kind persists despite
efforts to address it.

Discrimination in the USA in workplace and casteism in the tech industry. The company
ignores Dalits and makes it hard to seek institutional support for their complaints against
caste discrimination at work.
2. What are the main points of the Indian reservation system, and how have they
affected the distribution of job opportunities among different caste systems?

In order to remedy past injustices based on caste identity, the Indian reservation system—also
referred to as affirmative action—was established. The Indian Constitution provides support
for the policies that govern it. The system seeks to give historically underrepresented groups
representation and opportunity in politics, government programmes, employment, and
education.

The principal features of the Indian reserve system are as follows:

1. Affirmative Action: The reservation system is a type of positive discrimination designed to

give some groups of people who have historically experienced injustice because of their caste
identity access to government positions, educational institutions, and legislative bodies.

2. Quota System: The reservation system functions by allocating predetermined quotas or

seats in a number of areas, including political bodies, jobs, promotions, and admittance to
schools. Citizens with lower socioeconomic and educational levels are given these quotas.

3. Historical Background: William Hunter and Jyotirao Phule first proposed the idea of caste-
based reservations in 1882, marking the beginning of the concept's development in the late
19th century. With the introduction of the Communal Award in 1933, which gave distinct
electorates and reservations for certain groups, the current system was established.

4. Evolution: At first, only Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes were eligible for
reservations (ST). Based on the Mandal Commission's recommendations, Other
Backward Classes (OBCs) were included to the quota system in 1991.

the effect of the reservation system on how various caste systems are allocated employment
opportunities:

Work Reservation: Members of historically underprivileged caste groups, such as Scheduled

Castes (SCs), Scheduled Tribes (STs), and Other Backward Classes, are granted special
quotas or reservations in government jobs, educational institutions, and legislative bodies
(OBCs). The job reservation is provided to increased their opportunities.

2. Quota System: The reserved categories are given a set percentage of open seats, jobs, or
positions in various industries. States have different percentages, which are set by the
government of the state.

3. Empowerment of Dalits and Tribals: By giving these historically underprivileged groups—

once known as Untouchables and Dalits—opportunities for education, work, and involvement
in decision-making processes, the reservation system seeks to uplift and empower them.

4. Social Justice: The system intends to promote social justice by addressing historical
discrimination and ensuring representation and participation of underprivileged castes in
various spheres of society.

The reservation system has affected employment prospects in a way that is both favourable
and controversial. On the one hand, it has given those from reserved groups more chances
and easier access to jobs and education. This has somewhat lessened caste-based inequality
and improved social mobility.
 Still, there has also been discussion over the reservation system. Opponents contend that as a
result, there is now less opportunity and reverse discrimination for people in general or
unreserved categories. Some contend that the reservation system jeopardises merit-based
selection procedures, impairing their overall fairness and efficiency. Studies show that the
reservation system has improved employment prospects for reserved groups, especially in
government and educational settings. But there hasn't been much of an impact on
employment in the private sector..

3. Challenges faced by the reservation system, and how do they affect the major issue
of caste discrimination in job opportunities?

Challenges faced by the Indian reservation system and its effect on the major discrimination
in major issues related to caste discrimination in job opportunities

Limited Reach: One of the issues is that the reservation system only applies to certain
industries, such politics, government employment, and education. Caste prejudice does,
however, still exist in a number of other job sectors, such as higher-level professions in the
private sector. Therefore, even if the reservation system partially tackles caste prejudice, it
does not address it in the labour market as a whole. Inadequate Implementation: The poor
application of reserve policies presents another difficulty. Even with allocated quotas in
place, several institutions have not complied with them adequately. There have been
concerns expressed over the efficient implementation of the reservation system due to reports
of seat vacancies, non-fulfillment of reserved quotas at educational institutions, and job
vacancies.

We can see the discrimination in the workplace and job opportunities by the real-life example
of Vivek Raj a Dalit from utter Pradesh working in Bengaluru in a corporate company
‘Lifestyle International Private Limited’ as a visual merchant and was facing a lot of
discrimination in the workplace. It was told the company Vivek raised a complaint against it
but didn’t go his way at last he said he was ‘unable to fight it anymore’ and committed
suicide. He also shared a video before he committed suicide.

The same faced by the Indian engineers in Silicon Valley they were denied job opportunities
because of their caste. Benjamin kaila immigrated from india to ubited states in 1999 and he
applies for job at a us tech company. In 100 job interview for contract work over 20 years, he
only got into 1 and was denied 99 times. He also said in the interview, he faced personal
questions so that they understand the caste and mostly he was denied because of his caste.

Some segments of society have criticised the reservation system, citing instances of reverse
discrimination and reservations impeding merit-based hiring. These feelings have sparked
anger and outrage, which can further isolate underprivileged groups and uphold prejudice
based on caste. Another difficulty is the existence of a "creamy layer" in protected categories.
The reserved category's "creamy layer" consists of people or families who have already risen
through the socioeconomic ladder and may not need reservations. However, they continue to
benefit from the reservation system. This can limit the opportunities available to the most
disadvantaged individuals within these categories and perpetuate inequality.
 Reservation laws frequently fall short of properly identifying and addressing intersectional
disadvantages, even as they seek to combat caste-based discrimination. People from
underprivileged castes may endure prejudice that is exacerbated and not sufficiently
addressed by the quota system, particularly if they are members of other oppressed groups
like women, religious minorities, or people with disabilities.

4. What efforts are being made by the government legally and socially to tackle caste
discrimination in the workplace, and what are the prospects of achieving equality in
job opportunities regardless of caste discrimination?

I want to draw attention to the legal and social initiatives that the government is taking to
combat caste discrimination in the workplace, as well as the possibilities for attaining
equality in employment opportunities for all people, regardless of caste.

Legally speaking, caste-based discrimination in the workplace is forbidden by a number of

laws and policies that the government has put in place. For instance, members of scheduled
castes and scheduled tribes are legally protected from assault, harassment, and discrimination
under the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act. In order to
guarantee equal representation and chances for historically marginalised communities, this
legislation also provides requirements for the reservation of seats in educational institutions
and employment prospects.

The government has implemented social programmes in addition to legal steps to combat
discrimination based on caste in the workplace. Promoting affirmative action measures,
including reservation systems and quotas, is one such effort that aims to give people from
underrepresented castes and tribes chances. By closing the gap in access to jobs and
education, these initiatives hope to lessen prejudice based on caste.

In addition, the government supports measures to combat caste discrimination and other
workplace diversity and inclusion programmes through corporate social responsibility
programmes. The aforementioned programmes are designed to raise awareness among
companies and employees regarding the significance of equality and nondiscrimination,
promote inclusive work environments, and offer equal opportunities for professional
advancement regardless of caste..

But obtaining parity in employment prospects free from caste prejudice is a difficult and
continuous effort. It is difficult to overcome deeply ingrained social hierarchies and biases,
including legal and social initiatives. Caste prejudice still exists in the workplace, impacting
hiring, advancement, and general working conditions in both overt and covert ways.

Legal reforms must be combined with societal awareness and education to truly achieve
equality. Sensitization initiatives should be put into place at all societal levels, such as
businesses, communities, and educational institutions, in order to dispel caste-based prejudice
and encourage inclusive views and actions..

Furthermore, it is crucial to make sure that current rules and policies are implemented
correctly. In order to achieve equality, it is imperative that enforcement mechanisms be
strengthened, marginalised people have sufficient legal assistance and support, and those who
discriminate against caste must be held accountable.
To sum up, the government is addressing caste discrimination in the workplace through social
activities, affirmative action laws, and legislation. However, it will take ongoing work in
social awareness and legal reforms to achieve equality in employment possibilities
independent of caste discrimination. We can work toward a more egalitarian society where
people have equal opportunities to prosper, regardless of their caste, by tackling deeply
ingrained biases and creating inclusive work settings.

CONCLUSION
It is clear that caste prejudice has a long history in India and still affects those from lower
castes when it comes to employment prospects. Social inequality and occupational
segregation brought about by the caste system have restricted underprivileged communities'
access to a wide range of professions. By giving historically underrepresented populations
reserved quotas in government jobs and education, the Indian reservation system, a type of
affirmative action, has significantly improved the situation. But there have also been
difficulties and objections to it, including worries about reverse discrimination and poor
execution.

The case studies of people who experienced caste-based discrimination at work demonstrate
how pervasive this issue is, not just in India but also abroad. The terrible example of Vivek
Raj's suicide and the discrimination in the tech sector highlight how urgent it is to eradicate
caste discrimination in both legislation and practise.

In order to address caste prejudice in the workplace, the government has implemented
affirmative action programmes and anti-discrimination laws, among other social and legal
measures. However, it will take time and effort to achieve full equality in the workplace with
regard to caste discrimination. Legal measures alone won't be enough to combat deeply
rooted prejudices and advance inclusive environments; society awareness and education are
also necessary. Important actions also include supporting those who are disenfranchised and
bolstering enforcement systems.

In summary, combating caste discrimination in employment prospects necessitates a

multipronged strategy that includes policy execution, social awareness campaigns, and
legislative changes. As academics and activists, we have to keep pushing for a more
egalitarian society in which everyone has an equal chance at success, regardless of caste. This
study emphasises how crucial it is to keep up the fight against caste discrimination and
advance social justice in the workplace and society at large.
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