Assignment

Impacts of innovation on organizational life in Bangladesh: A study of Rice

industry.

Introduction

Food has been a basic need since the beginning of civilization. The population of the
planet is now 7.9 billion as of March 2021. In the year 2100, it is anticipated to rise
to 11.2 billion. This massive number spread across 196 nations must rely on
agriculture and agribusiness to meet one of their most fundamental
necessities, food to survive. The number of births will undoubtedly continue to
grow, and farming and agribusiness would never lose their significance as economic
activities.

Being a rapidly growing nation in Asia with a large population that lives in a limited
geographical area of just around 56,977 square miles and has the world's highest
population density Bangladesh has a high potential for development. The per capita
income in Bangladesh is $2,554. Bangladesh is predominantly an agricultural
country, with agriculture employing a considerable part of the people.

Impact of Rice in Bangladesh

Rice is the primary cuisine for over 135 million Bangladeshis. It accounts for about
half of rural employment, roughly two-thirds of total calorie supply, and roughly
half of total protein consumption for the average individual in the nation. In
Bangladesh, the rice sector accounts for half of agricultural GDP and one-sixth of
total national revenue. more. Rice is grown by almost all of the country's 13 million
agricultural households. Rice is farmed on around 10.5 million hectares, a figure that
has been relatively steady over the last three decades. Rice accounts for over 75% of
all farmed land and more than 80% of all irrigated land. As a result, rice is critical
to the Bangladeshi people's subsistence. Total rice production in Bangladesh was
about 10.59 million tons in the year 1971 when the country's population was only
about 70.88 millions. However, the country is now producing about 25.0 million
tons to feed her 135 million people. This indicates that the growth of rice production
was much faster than the growth of population. This increased rice production has
been possible largely due to the adoption of modern rice varieties on around 66% of
the rice land which contributes to about 73% of the country's total rice production.

There is no need to be complacent, though. Bangladesh's population is still

expanding at a rate of two million people each year, with an additional 30 million
people expected to be added in the next 20 years. As a result, Bangladesh will require
around 27.26 million tons of rice in 2020. The overall rice acreage would fall to
10.28 million hectares throughout this time. As a result, the current rice yield of 2.74
t/ha has to be improved to 3.74 t/ha.

Agriculture and agribusiness as the backbone of the rice industry

Agriculture is one of the most fundamental human occupations. Agribusiness is the

commercialization of agricultural products. Agrichemicals, breeding, agricultural
production, transportation, farming equipment, processing, seeding supply, and also
advertising and retail trade, are all part of it. The agribusiness system includes all
elements of the agricultural and food distribution system, as well as the organizations
that impact it. The word agribusiness came from the ancient and fundamental
business growth of humanity known as 'farming.' Agricultural tasks used to be
limited to plowing a field, sowing seed, collecting a crop. Farmer, a farming
community, used to generate the majority of the supplies they need for production,
such as seed, and modest agricultural implements.

In ancient times, Farm dwellers used the crops they produced to manufacture their
household food. Much of what they made was devoured or used. The tiny quantity
of surplus produced that was not eaten on the property was sold for a profit. These
commodities have been used to feed and shelter the country's small population
residing in urban and rural areas. A few agricultural goods made it to the export
industry and were sold to purchasers from other nations. After a long time of
experiencing this, Farm owners discovered that concentrating on output was
becoming progressively beneficial, and they sought to obtain raw materials that they
had previously created individually. This tendency encouraged others to establish
businesses centered on providing the need for supplies required in agricultural
production, such as seed, fencing, and machinery, among other things. These farms
are active in the enterprises that comprise the "agricultural inputs sector." Input
farms are an important aspect of agribusiness, producing a wide range of
technologically advanced goods that account for a majority of all supplies used in
agricultural production.

Role of Agriculture and Agribusiness in Bangladesh

Bangladesh is already working to improve the performance of the economy,

eliminate poverty, becoming a middle-income nation since its liberation in 1971. In
this endeavor, the farming industry in general, and the Rice Industry in particular, the
ability to play a variety of crucial roles in shifting the country for the better. The
industry could provide sufficient food population and urban sector, generate income
and jobs for the rural populace, supply labor, and materials for such growing
industrial and service sectors, provide a market for the nation's economic
industrialization sector, and generate investable food surplus and income generation
that can be used to accelerate growth and the nation's economy. On either hand, the
country's Rice industry can help farming by supplying farm machinery, as well as
other vital inputs like fertilizers, better technology, supplemental agribusiness-
related financial assets, and prepared marketplaces for increased agricultural as well
as agribusiness production.

The present State of Rice Industry in Bangladesh

The Rice industry has been developing rapidly in Bangladesh. This nation has had a
remarkable history of learning and success. The economy has risen at a 4.5 percent
annual rate during the last decade. The country's economy is mostly agricultural,
accounting for 18.6 percent of GDP and 47.5 percent of the labor force. Bangladesh
has progressed from a country of food scarcity to one of food self-sufficiency in
recent years. Grain, fibers, forestry, potatoes, and farm industries are several types
of agribusinesses in Bangladesh.

Rice, is the major grain produced in Bangladesh. Rice farming is critical to

Bangladesh's economy. 37 million tons of rice will be produced in 2021. Because of
the good climate and soil, annual output reaches 27 million tons. Despite the fact
that farm output and processing in Bangladesh are expanding, the country is still a
net importer of several vital agricultural commodities and processed food items.
Progressive farming methods, enhanced marketing techniques, and modern
processing facilities would allow agriculture and the processing industry to improve
food quality, dramatically increase output levels, and boost the food processing
sector.
Importance of Rice Industry

1. The oldest known, biggest, and also most vital sector is Rice Industry. It is the
service that allows the globe to thrive, exchange, and sustain everyone while
utilizing the finite resources of the Earth.

2. This Industry employs half of the global workforce, owns half of the
world's largest assets, and accounts for 40% of contemporary consumer purchases.
Economic development, food security, commerce, nutrition, natural resources, plant
and animal diversity protection, genetics, and economic, social, and environmental
goals are all influenced by it.

3. While food and fiber production has expanded to feed all people over the ages,
the growing population continues to occur, increasing demand for food which are
already at their top levels ever.

4. To meet this National need, Rice industry productivity has grown, but both natural
and modern production methods are increasingly reaching limits. Future growth and
productivity are being constrained, as evidenced by fossil fuels, a growing spectrum
of natural resources (e.g., water, fertilizer), Rice production, and industry
technologies.

5. In the industrialized world, the rice industry has attained industrial-scale

efficiency, but they are not universally reproduced in the poor world. Food prices
will continue to climb, and food security will become increasingly questionable for
many nations as replicating historic advances in agriculture productivity becomes
increasingly difficult.

6. Rice Industry now has a reputation crisis as a result of its success. The general
population considers agriculture as 'simply farming,' consisting of cultivating crops.
Rice industry, on the other hand, is a complicated structure including a wide range
of activities including supporting enterprises that transport food and energy of where
it is generated to whatever is used. The sector is increasingly influenced by societal
expectations concerning manufacturing processes.

Institutional Support for Rice Industry

Bangladesh's government has prioritized Rice Industry as a priority area, and it

offers a variety of special incentives to attract and safeguard investment and the
establishment of profitable agribusiness in the country. Major organizations and
their functions are summarized below:

Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE)

DAE's mission is to deliver efficient and productive requires capacity building to all
types of farmers to help them maximize their resource usage and promote long-term
agronomic and socio-economic growth.

Bangladesh Agricultural Development Corporation (BADC)

BADC is engaged in agricultural resource manufacture, buying, transportation,

warehousing, and sales.

Bangladesh Seed Association (BSA)

This is an organization that protects and promotes the seed industry in Bangladesh
by bringing together seed manufacturers, importers, and dealers.

Bangladesh Fertilizer Association (BFA)

An organization for fertilizer makers, importers, and dealers in Bangladesh to

preserve and support all measures that encourage free and competitive fertilizer
marketing, trading, and manufacturing.
Bangladesh Crop Protection Association (BCPA)

The Bangladesh Crop Protection Association (BCPA) is the apex organization for
pesticide firms in Bangladesh, and it seeks to safeguard and expand crop protection
technology commerce in the country.

Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI)

BRRI is a self-contained research institution dedicated to the development of rice

varieties and management methods.

Bangladesh Krishi Bank (BKB)

The bank provides credit facilities to farmers and agri-business owners.

Rajshahi Krishi Unnayan Bank (RAKUB)

The government's highly specialized and provincial bank provides financial support
to Rajshahi Divisional producers and agribusiness businesses.

Bangladesh Rice Exporters Association (BREA)

Bangladesh Rice Exporters Association (BREA)A rice manufacturers' community

that strives to improve and promote rice export policy.

Bangladesh Cold Storage Association (BCSA)

BCSA defends and supports the commercial interests of temperature-

controlled owners as well as other parties.
Incentives for Rice Industry Development

Bangladesh's government promotes agricultural growth by taking steps to boost crop

productivity and production. It accomplishes this by expanding financing and
facilitating wider access to sources and contemporary technologies. The following
assistance measures are in place to attract investments in Bangladesh's agriculture
industries. The Equity Entrepreneurship Fund for the development of the
agribusiness industry.

1. Special loan programs are available to help you start an agribusiness.

2. Tax breaks are available to the agribusiness industry.
3. Any investment in this industry will be eligible for the same tax amnesty as
other investments.
4. In diverse market segments, cash incentives to exporters range from 15% to
20%.

Important Projects Undertaken for Expansion of Rice Industry in Bangladesh

Agribusiness Development Project:

In 2006-2012, the Bangladeshi government created and implemented the project

with the help of the Asian Development Bank (ADB). The project spanned 60
districts and 425 upazilas. The Ministry of Finance (MOF) was in charge of the
small-scale agribusiness component of the credit, while the Ministry of Agriculture
(MOA) was in charge of the agribusiness development component. The project's
goal was to eliminate poverty in Bangladesh by encouraging agribusiness expansion,
which would provide money and jobs in rural regions. The initiative resulted in the
expansion of the operations of rural businesses involved in commercial agriculture
production, input supply, marketing, processing, and transportation.
The effects were projected to improve rural and peri-urban employment, the
processing and packaging of unconventional crops and products, and rural income.
The project produced four outcomes: I the institution, expansion, and successful
operation of agribusinesses by young businesses; (ii) strengthened the capacity of
participating NGOs and reselling banks throughout agribusiness lending; (iii)
strengthened the capacity of agribusiness affiliations in policy coordination and
agribusiness data communication technology dissemination, and (iv) improved
policy environment allowing private sector participation. These deliverables were
supplied via the five project components listed below: I credit for small-scale
agribusinesses, (ii) technical and marketing assistance for agribusinesses, (iii)
strengthening the capacity of participating NGOs and wholesale banks to lend to
agribusinesses, (iv) improving the enabling environment for agribusiness, and (v)
project implementation assistance.

Agro-based Industries and Technology Development Project (ATDP I):

Bangladesh's government wants to boost agricultural output in order to help low-

income subsistence farmers. In 1996-2000, the government of Bangladesh
conceived and conducted the project with the help of USAID as well as other donors.
ATDP I advocated for market-friendly government policies, enhanced market, and
business information, facilitated bank loans to agribusinesses, and supplied
entrepreneurs with the market and technological knowledge. I worked with
agriculture product sectors as well as disseminating enhanced inputs and
technologies through ATDP. It has been described as primarily a production-
oriented approach that relied on better fertilizer and crops to boost productivity and
profitability. And over 250,000 farmers have adopted enhanced technologies,
resulting in the creation of moreover 50,000 new employments.

Agro-based Industries and Technology Development Project (ATDP II):

The project's main goal was to help private-sector agribusiness. It focused on

business services and support and enhanced technology in order to foster new
product creation, stronger market connections, higher food quality, and the growth
of business services institutions. Poultry, fisheries (finfish and shrimp), horticultural,
grains, and dairy/livestock were the five agribusiness sub-sectors targeted by ATDP
II. Policy changes, market research, export marketing, and an agricultural MBA
program were also established. There's also a credit fund for agribusiness. Including
its poultry and horticultural initiatives, the enterprise was a huge success.
Approximately 330 enterprises and supporting organizations, as well as several
thousand farmers and other clientele, benefited from ATDP II.

Impacts of innovation on the Rice Industry

Green Revolution

Green Revolution refers mainly to spectacular increase in wheat, rice and corn yields
in many countries of the world in the late 20th century due largely to the use of high
yielding varieties, chemical fertilizers, pesticides and irrigation water. Here, the
world 'revolution' has been used to mean a quick change. This change came from
transformation of conventional cultivation system to a high yielding cultivation
system with new technologies. This change occurred silently to reduce hunger of
millions of people in the world.

The word 'green' is used to symbolize the green colour of crops at younger stage. As
crops grow, their pleasing green color comes to light. The term represents a strategy
of quick increase in agricultural production through the use of a production package
that contains improved seed, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, irrigation water and
improved management. The food production in the planet increased by two and a
half times between 1950 and 1995 due to adoption of green revolution technology
package in agriculture.

Several Asian countries namely, India, Pakistan, Philippines, China, Thailand,

Indonesia, Srilanka and Bangladesh have experienced spectacular increase in food
production due to green revolution

As a complex carb, it is the primary source of energy for over half of the world's
people. Depending on the strain of rice, it can contain decent amounts of fibre,
protein, vitamin B, iron and manganese. This means it can play a vital role against
malnutrition

Wheat is a grass widely cultivated for its seed, a cereal grain which is a worldwide
staple food.Wheat is the most important staple crop in temperate zones and is in
increasing demand in countries undergoing urbanization and industrialization. In
addition to being a major source of starch and energy, wheat also provides
substantial amounts of a number of components which are essential or beneficial for
health, notably protein, vitamins (notably B vitamins), dietary fiber, and
phytochemicals. Of these, wheat is a particularly important source of dietary fiber,
with bread alone providing 20% of the daily intake in the UK, and well‐established
relationships between the consumption of cereal dietary fiber and reduced risk of
cardio‐vascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and forms of cancer (notably colo‐rectal
cancer). Wheat shows high variability in the contents and compositions of beneficial
components, with some (including dietary fiber) showing high heritability. Hence,
plant breeders should be able to select for enhanced health benefits in addition to
increased crop yield.

Jute is an important natural fibre crop in India next to cotton. In trade and industry,
jute and mesta crop together known as raw jute as their uses are almost same. Raw
jute plays an important role in the country's economy. Raw jute was originally
considered as a source of raw material for packaging industries only.Corn is the
second most plentiful cereal grown for human consumption, and many cultures
around the world have lived on this grain.

Now one can examine the status of green revolution in Bangladesh. The spread of
'seed-fertilize-water' technology popularly known as green revolution began in
Bangladesh in the 1960s. At that time farmers rarely used fertilizers, pesticides and
modern irrigation equipments. Bangladeshi farmers used traditional methods of
farming that they practiced since thousands of years. Initially Bangladesh Water
Development Board (BWDB) developed multipurpose flood control, drainage and
irrigation projects. Meanwhile, Bangladesh Agricultural Development Corporation
(BADC) introduced modern irrigation equipment, chemical fertilizers, pesticides
and new varieties of high-yielding seeds developed by international and national
research institutes. This laid the foundation for green revolution. The spread of green
revolution and the consequent increase in food production was fairly noticeable after
the independence in 1972. The population of Bangladesh was 75 million at that time,
which increased to 150 million in 2010. During that period food-grain production
increased from 10 million tons to 37 million tons in the country indicating a
significant positive effect of green revolution. In this way, Bangladesh and the
contemporary world escaped mass hunger and famine due to introduction of green
revolution in agriculture.

Critics of green revolution argue that farmers have forgotten traditional agricultural
practices sine the introduction of green revolution and thus the world has
experienced a great loss of biodiversity. More particularly, the threat to traditional
varieties of cereals became evident with the advent of biotechnology. They also
argue that the green revolution is landlord biased. It benefited mostly those with a
large size of landholding and sufficient resources required for procuring inputs. The
poor peasants and landless laborers with little or no resource base remained more or
less deprived of the gains accrued from the green revolution. Thus, income
inequality in society has increased. They argue further that green revolution and its
inherent larger production have created marketing problem and depressed cereal
prices. As a result, farmer's profit has declined because of rising cost of inputs and
inadequate increase in the price of outputs. Thus, some critics have said that green
revolution has created more problems than it has solved. However, the father of
green revolution Dr. Borlaug in his Nobel lecture said, 'I believe it is far better for
mankind to be struggling with new problems caused by abundance rather than with
the old problem of famine. In reality, the production increases fostered by the green
revolution should be strongly credited for helping to avoid widespread famine and
for feeding billions of new people in the world.

Impact of innovation in the rice industry

In agrarian countries like Bangladesh, agriculture can serve as a powerful driving
force to not only raise family income, but also the nation’s entire economy.

Consistent policy and investments in technology, rural infrastructure and human

capital boosted food security by tripling the Bangladesh’s food grain
production from 1972 to 2014. Between 2005 and 2010, agriculture accounted for 90
percent of poverty reduction in the country.

Bangladesh is now threatened by increasing droughts, flooding and extreme weather

events due to climate change. In response, rural communities are adapting through
innovative, localized solutions that combine sustainable practices and technologies.

“Mechanization is a very important part of the future of agriculture in Bangladesh,”

said Janina Jaruzelski, the U.S. Agency for International Development
(USAID) mission director in Bangladesh, during a visit to areas where
the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) is helping
commercialize three agricultural machinery technologies – axial flow pumps,
reapers and seed drills – to help farmers thrive under increasingly difficult growing
conditions.

The axial flow pump is an inexpensive surface water irrigation technology that can
reduce costs up to 50 percent at low lifts – areas where the water source is close to
the field surface, and therefore is easy to pump up to irrigate fields. Surface water
irrigation involves deploying water through low-lift irrigation pumps like the axial
flow pump and canal distribution networks managed by water sellers who direct
water to farmers’ fields.

For example,, 24-year old Mosammat Lima Begum, who lives in a village in Barisal
District in Bangladesh, gained access to an axial flow pump and training on its use
through CIMMYT’s Cereal Systems Initiative for South Asia (CSISA). After the
training, Begum started a business providing irrigation services to her neighbors,
boosting her household income by nearly $400 in one year.

Groundwater extraction – a common approach to irrigation in much of South Asia –

can result in high energy costs and present health risks due to natural arsenic
contamination of groundwater in Bangladesh. Surface water offers a low-energy and
low-carbon emissions alternative.

Reapers

Reapers allow farmers to mechanically harvest and plant the next season’s crops,
and can save farmers 30 percent their usual harvesting costs. The two-wheeled
mechanical reaper is particularly popular in Bangladesh, especially among women
since it’s easy to maneuver. It also helps farmers cope with increasing labor
scarcity — a trend that has continued to rise as the country develops economically
and more people leave rural areas for off-farm employment.

Like the axial flow pump, local service providers with reapers – entrepreneurs who
purchase agricultural machinery and rent out their services – are now offering their
harvesting services to smallholder farmers at an affordable fee.

Learn more about how reapers can reduce the cost of harvesting and risk of crop
damage, making them a key tool to boost farmer efficiency in Bangladesh.

Seed fertilizer drills

Seed fertilizer drills till, plant and fertilize crops in lines simultaneously and with
greater precision. These drills are frequently used as attachments on two-wheeled
tractors.
Around 66 service providers in Barisal, Bangladesh have cultivated more than 640
hectares of land using seed drills for over 1,300 farmers since 2013. These drills cut
30 percent of their fuel costs compared to traditional power tillers, saving them about
$58 and 60 hours of labor per hectare. In south-western Bangladesh where USAID’s
Feed the Future initiative operates, 818 service providers have cultivated more than
25,500 hectares of land using seed drills for 62,000 small holder farmers till to date.

These drills can also allow farmers to plant using conservation agriculture practices
like strip tilling, a system that tills only small strips of land into which seed and
fertilizer are placed, which reduces production costs, conserves soil moisture and
help boost yields.

Since 2013, CIMMYT has facilitated the sale of over 2,000 agricultural machines to
more than 1,800 service providers, reaching 90,000 farmers. Through the CSISA
Mechanization and Irrigation project, CIMMYT will continue to transform
agriculture in southern Bangladesh by unlocking the potential productivity of the
region’s farmers during the dry season through surface water irrigation, efficient
agricultural machinery and local service provision.

Farm Automation

Farm automation, often associated with “smart farming”, is technology that makes
farms more efficient and automates the crop or livestock production cycle. An
increasing number of companies are working on robotics innovation to develop
drones, autonomous tractors, robotic harvesters, automatic watering, and seeding
robots. Although these technologies are fairly new, the industry has seen an
increasing number of traditional agriculture companies adopt farm automation into
their processes.
New advancements in technologies ranging from robotics and drones to computer
vision software have completely transformed modern agriculture. The primary goal
of farm automation technology is to cover easier, mundane tasks. Some major
technologies that are most commonly being utilized by farms include: harvest
automation, autonomous tractors, seeding and weeding, and drones. Farm
automation technology addresses major issues like a rising global population, farm
labor shortages, and changing consumer preferences. The benefits of automating
traditional farming processes are monumental by tackling issues from consumer
preferences, labor shortages, and the environmental footprint of farming.

Soil and crop sensors

Today, more farm equipment is available with smart sensors that can read everything
from crop health to essential nitrogen levels in the water. The sensors then enable
on-the-go applications of input based on real-time field conditions.

Sensor technology is also available to measure the electrical conductivity of soil,

ground floor, organic matter content, and even soil characteristics such as pH. For
example, Varis Technologies, Bionics, and Dulem all produce different types of soil
sensors. This is one important Modern agriculture Technology.

Rice is one of the world’s most popular foods. It is a culturally significant staple in
cuisines across the world, from Asia to Africa to the Americas. In fact, rice
comprises at least 20% of daily calorie intake for more than 3.5 billion people. Rice
is also enticing, especially for the impoverished, for its versatility, nutritional value
and affordability to produce and buy. To continue supplying this necessary meal
staple for millions of people worldwide, it is imperative that rice farming is efficient
and high-yielding. Here are several efforts demonstrating how technology improves
rice production.

Crop Manager

The International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) is a global research organization

that discovers and implements solutions for rice farming and production to help end
world hunger. One such initiative is the development of a useful rice production
product called Crop Manager. Crop Manager is a computer program designed to
assist rice farmers in tasks like nutrient management and fertilizer selection.

Crop Manager is especially useful for impoverished farmers due to its simple
information delivery method. The program conveys information to farmers quickly
and concisely via computer printouts and SMS text messages. Thus, even farmers
with only basic technologies like cell phones or computers can access this advanced
data and improve their crop yields. Crop Manager is currently active in Bangladesh,
India, Indonesia and the Philippines.

Biofortification

The IRRI has also committed to improving rice itself. To do this, the organization
has begun researching and implementing biofortification: genetic modification of a
crop to improve its nutritional value. With this method, grains have been genetically
modified to provide greater amounts of nutrients like zinc and iron. This innovation
is incredibly helpful for those consuming rice as a major component of their diet.
More nutrient-dense rice can help poor families prevent diet-induced diseases like
iron deficiency anemia, an illness that causing extreme weakness due to low red
blood cell counts.
Hybrid Gains

Another organization demonstrating how technology improves rice production is

RiceTec. RiceTec is an American company committed to modernizing rice
production worldwide. One specific effort RiceTec has organized is modified
disease-resistant rice grains. These hybrid grains are more formidable against
diseases that typically kill rice crops, ensuring crop yields remain high.

Other hybrid grains developed by RiceTec allow farmers to increase the quantity of
rice in their fields, as well as provide grains with stronger straws and improved grain
retention. The implications of these innovations are massive; by introducing these
hybrid grains into rice fields worldwide, people relying on rice as a primary
component of their diets will become more able to feed themselves and their
families. For farmers, selling more of the crop will provide greater income and
improve their quality of life.

Furthermore, some hybrid rice grains have the added benefit of using less arable land
to provide comparable—if not more—crop yield. In 2009, for example, China
reduced its rice-growing land use by 14% while increasing production by 44.1%.
With the increased use of hybrid grains worldwide, the sustainability of rice
production will continue to improve. Additionally, reducing arable land use will feed
more with minimal strain on the environment.

Moving Forward

Modern farming and wealthy countries have long used technology to improve their
crops. Developments ranging from crop management software to higher nutrition in
crops themselves to hybrid grains have forever changed the practice of farming. By
delivering this technology to the world’s poor, people relying on rice as a staple will
have the opportunity to succeed both in terms of crop viability and overall quality of
life. As technology continues improving rice production, the world comes one step
closer to eradicating food insecurity. There is drastic transformation of Agriculture
over the past 40 years. The practices are evolving to embrace new technology.
Agricultural sector is the backbone of every economy in the world. There is high
demand of food and this is a challenge because there are constraints in supply due
to climate change and high labor cost. Every decade, there is a continuous revolution
of technology in agricultural industry.

Modern agricultural technology increases employment, efficiency in production of

food, saving on time and reduction in cost. Farmers gain significant benefits from
high innovation of technology. Farming is part of entrepreneurship and a business
that fully dependents on the nature. However, agriculture is not all about success,
farmers are also faced by challenges that are unavoidable. These problems are caused
by enormous changes in climate because of increase in greenhouse emissions that
lead to global warming, use of fossils fuel, deforestation and other factors.

Global Positioning System (GPS) and Geographical Information System (GIS)

in precision Agriculture

Modern technology has been made easy by the contribution of the two technologies
GIS and GPS. These two keeps the records of data for reference. It has allowed
precise agriculture for data collection, farm planning, field and yield mapping and
also used to give direction to automated tractor. GPS aid in spatial variability of soil
and save on fertilizer. It’s also important in monitoring the farm when there is a
heavy rain or fog.

Satellites, Drones and Aerial Imaging

Satellites, Drones and Aerial imaging are becoming advanced in taking the farm high
quality images. This equipment’s aid the farmers to analyze the crops while they are
at the comfort of their home as if they are actually in the farm. They access the crops'
status from a distance. The drones can be used to spray the pesticides on the crops.

Modern Irrigation

Farmers are embracing new technology by use of irrigation on their crops. By the
help of the state developing boreholes and dams in dry regions to assist the farmers
pump clean water to irrigate the plants. This increase the production and supply of
food throughout the year.

Agricultural Robots

In today’s world, farmers use robots in performing human-related tasks that are
complex. The agricultural robots are highly tailor-made with sensors and affixation
that perform particular task, such as planting and harvesting.

Water and Soil Sensor

The modern farmers are equipped with smart crop sensors that help them read and
detect the health of crops, nitrogen level, soil PH, and moisture content in soil. It
aids the farmers with information in order to determine the amount of water,
pesticides and fertilizers needed by the crops. It makes use of available resources
and hence minimizes the cost and wastage. Furthermore, it remains a very great
challenge in farming to ascertain the type of fertilizer that work best in different soil,
quantity and when to apply the fertilizer. The sensor is designed in that it can
prescribe the quantity of fertilizer, pesticides and water that the crops need.

Farm Machinery

Farmers have been facing high cost of labor, which demand for better methods to
minimize the cost of labor. The innovation of machinery such as combined
harvesters and planters simplifies the task and reduces the cost of labor. The
automation of autopilot sprayers and tractors boost efficiency of the farm production.

Modern Greenhouse

The heat from the sun is used by plants (solar radiation) to grow. The heat from sun
is used to generate optimal temperature for the crop growth. Greenhouse farming
generates favorable climate for production of horticulture, such as vegetables and
flowers throughout the year. With automated irrigation systems and soil sensors is
used to figure out the problems arising from green house. The increasing demand of
food requires high growing of the crops. Greenhouse technology helps in availability
of production of food and makes full use of the available resources.

Artificial Intelligence

It helps in precision agriculture. Artificial Intelligence helps the farmers to detect

diseases, controlling pests in crops and monitor soil PH. Like human intelligence,
the machine can accomplish tasks that are complex. It has become so difficult for
the farmers to predict the climate due to global warming. The farmers cannot
determine the sowing period, but with the aid of Artificial Intelligence farmers can
smile. They can know the weather changes by the use of weather forecast.

Indoor Vertical Farming

Why indoor vertical farming? Since our population is growing rapidly and the
demand of food is also increasing, there is need of high supply. To feed the billions
of people it requires more innovative ways of growing food. Vertical farming is one
of the best innovations. Crops are grown vertically stacked layers, which allow
preservation of space and high productivity. It is practiced in urban areas due to very
limited space.

The evolving technology in agriculture is gaining substantial benefits in high

productivity, less cost of production, increase in efficiency and increase in income.
There is high demand of food due to the increasing population. The farmers face
difficulties in climate change and high cost of production, but it will never stop them
from producing.

The modern technology is important for the farmers to minimize the constraints.
Farming is not only about weather and high production but also involves data
collection and embracing the modern technology. As technology continues
advancing agriculture becomes progressively worthful.

Modern agriculture will not only help the farmers to automate their activities but
helping farmers to shift to precision agriculture.
Impact on the rice industry

Due to the utilization of modern technology, the rice industry has bloomed and was
able to increase its production drastically. Because of the new innovations and
implementation of modern technology, the rice industry is able to feed the ever
increasing population of Bangladesh.

Conclusion

Agriculture has long been encouraged by the Bangladeshi government and various
non-governmental organizations. As a result, the Rice industry sector's growth has
been expanding in recent years. The rice industry is slowly but steadily growing,
thanks to the backing of numerous governments and non-governmental
organizations. However, as a developing nation, Bangladesh still has a few of issues
that are wreaking havoc on the rice industry sector and require immediate attention.
If the government and non-governmental groups work together to address such
issues, they will be resolved quickly, allowing rice industry to expand even further
and reach a global scale. The agriculture sector must be moved from a subsistence
to a commercial concentration in order to produce a surplus for the industrial sector
and exports. This industry should operate as a social enterprise because it will meet
the three essential criteria of business: legality, social responsibility, and profit
maximization. To efficiently manage this industry, more emphasis should be placed
on continuous research and innovation, with supply chain management beginning
with agricultural product producers being pushed to produce not just for the domestic
market but also for the global market. Also, many more educating and encouraging
steps and projects should be taken to motivate young people to focus on this sector
that can clearly be a gold mine for employment and foreign trade.