MERU UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND

TECHNOLOGY
P.O. Box 972-60200 – Meru-Kenya.
Tel: +254 (0)799529958, +254 (0)799529959, +254 (0)712524293
Website: www.must.ac.ke Email: info@must.ac.ke

University Examinations 2020/2021

FOURTH YEAR, SECOND SEMESTER EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR

OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

AFT 3450: REGULATORY FOOD TOXICOLOGY

DATE: APRIL 2022 TIME: 2 HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS: Answer question one and any other two questions

QUESTION ONE (30 MARKS)

a) Paracelsus (1493 – 1541) is credited as the founder of toxicology as an objective science.

State and explain using relevant examples the basic concept of toxicology as conceived by
Paracelsus (7 marks)

b) List the main storage sites for toxic compounds (5 marks)

c) Explain the three major sites through which foreign substances get into the body (6 marks)

d) Explain the role of KEBS in maintaining food safety (5 marks)

e) Identify five (5) provisions contained in the Public Health Act Cap 242 of the Kenyan laws
(5 marks)

f) Explain the role of Codex Alimentarius Commission in the food industry (2 marks)

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QUESTION TWO (20 MARKS)

a) Describe five (5) different types of toxic responses which may be caused by chemicals
(10 marks)

b) Aflatoxin is becoming a major public health concern. Identify;

(i) The responsible microorganisms (2 marks)

(ii) Main types of aflatoxins and their metabolites (3 marks)

(iii) Dietary sources of aflatoxin (3 marks)

(iv) Toxic responses as a result of exposure to aflatoxin (2 marks)

QUESTION THREE (20 MARKS)

a) Food processing may lead to the formation of toxic components. Explain the three common
toxic compounds, how they are formed and the foods involved (10 marks)

b) Show how you can derive an acceptable daily intake (ADI) for food additives (10 marks)

QUESTION FOUR (20 MARKS)

a) Define the terms NOAEL and margin of safety. Explain how knowledge of these is used in
the assessment of toxicological data (10 marks)

b) Show how LD50 of a substance is obtained and explain how this is important to toxicologists
(10 marks)

Meru University of Science & Technology is ISO 9001:2015 Certified

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