UNIVERSITY OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES ,ACCRA

NAME: NARRIN NUNANA ADZO AWEKE

INDEX NUMBER: 10306475
PROGRAM: ACCOUNTING AND FINANCE 2
COURSE: INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
WHAT IS THE INTERNET.
The internet is a global network that connects billions of computers and other electronic
devices via protocols, hardware, etc.

HOW DOES THE INTERNET WORK?

First, a data center which is thousand miles away from the client has information
stored on it. With the use of a satellite, the data from the data center is able to reach the
client phone , computer or any other electronic device.
A signal is then sent from the data center via an Antenna on the satellite to another antenna
to close the client. Research has it that this is not the appropriate way of transmitting
information, this is because there is a distance between the satellite and the earth, this
therefore causes delay in receiving signals.

THE USE OF FIBRE OPTIC WIRE.

Data or information is transferred through the fibre optic wires or cables. In the
data center, the information or data is stored in a solid state device with in the data center.
The solid state device(SSD) gains access into the main memory of the server(this is a
powerful computer that provides the necessary data or information when it is requested).

Every device connected to the internet is identified with a unique IP

address( Internet Protocol address). The server in the data center is also identified with an IP
address. It is therefore rigorous to identify each of these IP address there by providing a
domain name to correspond to each IP address making it easier to remember a particular
website.

A website is a collection of related web pages that is identified by particular

domain name and published on a web server. For websites such as Facebook.com ,
YouTube.com and all other giant websites, an entire data center infrastructure is dedicated
to the storage of the website.

DOMAIN NAME SERVER OR SYSTEM(DNS).

Domain name system or server is a hierarchical and distributed naming system for
computers, services and other protocol networks. Domain name system turns domain names
into IP address, which allows browsers to get to websites and other internet resources.
Example of IP address is 192.132.100.55 .
The domain name is important because it translates the host name or what the user types
into the browser into something the machine can use to find a webpage.
The internet uses the domain name server to access the various websites and their IP
address after it gives a hint to the respective server in the data center to request a particular
website.

HOW DATA IS TRANSFERRED FROM THE SERVER TO THE CLIENT.

After the server has received the request, the flow of data starts through the fibre
optic wires or cables in the form of light pulses. The light pulses travels thousands of miles.
This includes beneath the sea before getting to their destination. These cables are traced all
the way to the homes of the client and connected through a router. The cables are monitored
and maintained by agencies such as Google, AT&T, Verizon etc. The fibre optic wire is the
backbone of the internet.

The light pulses us then converted into electrical signals with the help of a router.
A router is a device that connects two or more packet-switched networks or subnetworks.
This device manages traffic between these networks by forwarding data packets to their
intended IP address. Data requested from the server in the data center is transferred in
packets. These packets are broken down messages and travel through different routes
before getting to the client. These packets are sent to a cell tower and signals in the form of
electromagnetic waves, then reaches the clients device with the use of cellular data.
However, when the packet does not reach its destination, the recipient send a signal to the
server to resend the missing packet, ensuring that the data is successfully delivered.

The internet is a global network and is therefore managed by an institution known

as the INTERNET CORPORATION FOR ASSIGNED NAMES AND NUMBERS(ICANN) located in
the USA. The data found in the server is of the form 0 and 1. These numbers are divided into
packets and transmitted. They are then reassembled after reaching their destination
according to their sequence number. On the internet, a set of rules known as the data
protocols are used to ensure that each packet arrives at its destination. Examples of these
protocols are… Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure(https) Transmission Control Protocol/
Internet Protocol (TCP/ IP).