Mana La Excellence Group 1 Mains Practice Questions

Subject- Telangana Economy • The report emphasized that the level of

development in sectors like agriculture,
1.Explain the status of Telangana Economy during irrigation, education, broadcasting and
1956-1970 phase. transport was not even half of the national
Introduction: average.
• 1956-57 The total land under cultivation was
Write briefly about the socio-political condition of 123.8 lakh acres in 1967-68.
Telangana state during 1956-1970 period. • As of 2016, it was at the same level of 124.2
Body: lakh acres.
• Similarly, the area under drainage. In 1956-57
Explain the state of Telangana-Economy during it was 23 lakh acres and in 1967-68 it was only
1956-1970 phase. 26.47 lakh acres with little change.
Conclusion: • It should be noted that the increase in
cultivated area and area under irrigation
Content: during 1966-68 was nominal.
• Telangana's area under cultivation in Andhra
• The united state of Andhra Pradesh was state is 40% but Telangana's share in key
formed on November 1, 1956,
products was only 27%-35% by 1967-68.
with Hyderabad as its capital, after the merger
• Animal hospitals are in ratio of 1:1.75 even
of the then Andhra state.
though livestock is equal in both regions.
• The economic system of Telangana was done
• Rural electrification cost less than a third 12.7
in 3 phases.
crore was supposed to be spent on rural
• They are:
electrification but only 10 crores was spent.
➢ 1956-1970
• 100 square miles despite spending 49% on
➢ 1971-1990
road transport and broadcasting. The area is
➢ 1991-2014
only 20 miles of road.
• The period 1956-2014 can be divided into “3”
• According to Kumar Lalit's report, the ratio of
parts regarding the state of Telangana.
expenditure in Telangana - Andhra was
➢ 1956-1970 Later stage of merger (1969
supposed to be 2:2.5, but in reality it was 1:22.
movement)
• During the Second Plan period, the share of
➢ 1971 1990 Major role of public sector
Telangana in Andhra Pradesh state revenue
in economy
was 45% but the expenditure did not exceed
➢ 1991 – 2014 Implementation of
34%.
economic reforms, subsequent phase.
• Similarly, during the third Plan period, even
First Phase (1956 – 1970): though Telangana had a share of 42.6%, it did
not spend more than 37%, and as a result,
• Implementation of Jagirdar Abolition Act 1949 agricultural and industrial development did
• 1950 – Hyderabad Tenancy Act. not get the required incentive.
• The movement that took place in 1969 was a • In early 1950s, people of Telangana region
consequence of the development of Telangana in Hyderabad state, started organizing
in the state of Andhra Pradesh for 12 years themselves with a demand for separate
from 1956. state. In 1953 the Indian government
• According to the regional committee report appointed the States Reorganization
issued in 1969, the level of development in Commission (SRC) to look into various
Telangana was higher than that of India. statehood demands in the country.
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• During the period between 1955
September and 1956 November, the
people of Telangana launched a series of
protests demanding statehood by
implementing the SRC recommendations.
But intense lobbying by leaders from
Andhra state in New Delhi resulted in the
merger of Telangana region in Andhra
state to form the Andhra Pradesh state.
• Telangana leaders insisted on a
Gentlemen’s Agreement before the
merger could take place. The agreement
was signed by Andhra and Telangana
leaders and provided safeguards with the
purpose of preventing discrimination
against Telangana by the Andhra leaders.
However, the agreement was violated.
2.Analyse the impacts of implementation of
economic reforms in the state of Telangana.
Introduction:
Write briefly about the reasons for the
introduction of economic reforms in India.
Body:
Describe the impacts of the implementation of
economic reforms in Telangana State.
Conclusion:
• Economic growth in the post reform period has
not been inclusive.
• The pattern of development has aggravated
inter-state inequality, widened rural-urban
disparity and worsened intra-rural and intra-
urban inequality.
• In the post-reform period, the growth was led
by the private corporate sector.
• The share of the private corporate sector in
investment increased while declining of Public
sector investments.
• Increase of caual labour.
• The growth process in the post reform-period
was widening regional inequality.
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Group 1 Mains Practice Questions
• The poorer states gained less from economic
reforms and continued to remain poor while
developed states other than Punjab gained the
most.
• For inclusive economic growth, labour-
intensive process of development is vital.
• It could be achieved by incentivising the small
and medium sized firms or farms, in the formal
and informal sectors, and imparting education
and skills to the people so that they could take
advantage of opportunities created by small
and medium enterprises.
Content:
• Economic growth in the post reform period has
not been inclusive.
• The pattern of development has aggravated
inter-state inequality, widened rural-urban
disparity and worsened intra-rural and intra-
urban inequality.
• In the post-reform period, the growth was led
by the private corporate sector.
• The share of the private corporate sector in
investment increased from 28 per cent in
1991-92 to 41 per cent in 2007-08, while the
share of the public sector declined from 43 per
cent to 24 per cent.
• The private corporate sector led growth was
associated with the rent seeking, under-pricing
of public sector assets in the process of the
privatisation of the public sector and transfer
of public and private lands to the corporate
sector.
Increase in casual labour
• With regard to labour market, the
employment increased at a low rate of 1.3 per
cent per annum and decelerated in the recent
years while the growth rate of Gross State
Domestic Product (GSDP) accelerated to 7.1
per cent a year.
• The growth of the labour-intensive
manufacturing sector has been slow and has
Mana La Excellence
been lagging behind the service sector, which
is less labour intensive.
• Also, a high growth in the post-liberalisation
period has been accompanied by increased
Implementation
informalisation and de-unionisation of
Telangana state:
workforce.
• Economically and socially deprived sections of
society were mostly employed as casual
labour.
• These are some of the worrisome features of
the labour market.
• Coming to reduction of poverty, the absolute
number of poor declined by a meagre one
million between 1993-94 and 2004-05
whereas the decline was much higher at 38
million between 2004-05 and 2011-12. Yet
there were an unacceptably high number of
270 million of poor in 2011-12. This apart, 80
per cent of the poor continued to be in rural
India.
Widening inequalities
• The growth process in the post reform-period
was widening regional inequality.
• The poorer states gained less from economic
reforms and continued to remain poor till
2014-15 while developed states other than
Punjab gained the most.
• Among the major states, Assam, Uttar
Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Jharkhand and
Madhya Pradesh lagged far behind on level of
GSDP per capita as well as growth. On the
other hand, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh,
Uttrakhand, Gujarat, Haryana and Himachal
Pradesh witnessed impressive growth.
Creating employment:
• The growth would be affected and “may also
lead to social disarticulation”.
• For inclusive economic growth, labour-
intensive process of development is vital. It
could be achieved by incentivising the small
and medium sized firms or farms, in the formal
and informal sectors, and imparting education
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and skills to the people so that they could take
advantage of opportunities created by small
and medium enterprises.
of economic reforms in
• Economic reforms in India picked up pace
after the 1990s.
• The implementation of economic reforms
in the state of Andhra Pradesh also took
place almost at the same time. The
reforms affected all sectors of the
economy.
• A direct impact on the agricultural sector
has been seen since the mid-1990s. The
WTO Agreement came into force.
• After 1997, protections for commercial
movements were removed as trade
reforms would allow for remunerative
prices in the agricultural sector.
• Productivity markets in the country were
also liberalized and the private sector was
given an opportunity. Government
expenditure has been reduced on several
key aspects. The impact of reforms has
widened the gaps between economic
sectors, between states, between regions
within states, and between urban and rural
sectors.
• In the context of the economic reforms
undertaken by Andhra Pradesh state, it is
known how the impact on Telangana's
economy has been.
• Another development during this period
was the introduction of district wise
revenue assessment process from the year
1993-94. So it is possible to estimate gross
domestic income and per capita income of
Telangana.
• Similarly, what is the composition of
various sectors of the economy? What is
the composition of the districts? It is
possible to analyze the factors such as how
these are changing between the years
1993-94 to 2013-2014.
Mana La Excellence
• From 1993-94 to 2009-10, although the per
capita income of the state was lower than
the per capita income of the country, the
annual growth rate of the state was higher
than that of the country.
• Moreover, in 2009-10, the credit growth
rate (-0.01) was recorded. 1994-95 The
highest growth rate (0.47) was recorded in
the state.
• 2005-06 to 2007-08 A single growth rate
(0.08%) has been recorded in the country.
3. Examine the performance of Telangana state in
economic development over other States.
Introduction:
Briefly mention the economic condition of
Telangana State in different sectors.
Body:
Mention the major reasons that contribute for
economic development in Telangana state.
Conclusion:
• Per capita income helps determine the
average income of a person and also evaluate
the standard of living of a people.
• Telangana has outperformed in economic
development.
• This success has been due to targeted policies
of Telangana government to transform the
agricultural sector and simultaneously boost
the growth for the IT and the pharma sectors.
• The state Government is running schemes like:
➢ Rythu Bandhu focused on farmers
➢ world’s largest lift irrigation project
Kaleshwaram aimed at providing water to
the fields of Telangana and
➢ Arogya Laxmi that ensures the provision of
basic and supplementary food and
nutrition to pregnant and lactating
women.
Content:
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• Telangana has outperformed in economic
development.
• The Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP)
recorded around 19% growth over the
previous financial year at current prices in
2022.
• The per capita income of Telangana increased
by 125% in the previous seven years
• The 130% in GSDP increased from 2014 to
2021.
• As per MOSPI data 2022, Telangana secured
top position among major States in per capita
income.
• Telangana’s achievement was despite massive
hurdles like bifurcation blues, demonetisation,
Corona pandemic.
• The GSDP of any state is measured in terms of
the economic contributions made by three key
sectors
➢ Agriculture & Allied Sectors
➢ Industries (including mining and
quarrying) and
➢ Services.
• Since state formation, the Services sector has
been the highest contributor to Telangana’s
Gross State Value Added (GSVA), followed by
the Industries and Agriculture and allied
sectors.
• The share of the Agriculture and allied sectors
in the total GSVA of the State increased from
around 16% in 2014-15 to around 18% in 2021-
22.
• The Government implemented numerous
schemes for:
➢ the welfare and development of
farmers and
➢ the increase of production in
agriculture sector.
• The State has emerged as the largest cultivator
of cotton crop.
• The second-largest producer and purchaser of
paddy in the country.
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• The State government spent more for the
construction of various irrigation projects and
also improved electricity infrastructure apart
from providing uninterrupted free power to all
agricultural connections.
• Further, the government revived tanks under
Mission Kakatiya which ensured adequate
irrigation water to farmlands.
• Money has been deposited into the bank
accounts of farmers under Rythu Bandhu
scheme and farm loans have been waived off.
• Due to all these efforts, the agriculture sector
has progressed and resulted in an increase of
the per capita income.
• Besides providing adequate seeds and
fertilizers in advance through Primary
Agricultural Cooperative Societies (PACS),
Telangana is the only State to invoke PD
(Preventive Detention) Act against suppliers of
spurious seeds.
• The State government was also providing farm
equipment and machinery at subsidised prices
and also increased the go-down for storage
capacity.
• The State government is also promoting
alternative crops including oil palm cultivation
to increase the farmers’ income.
• The Industrial sector contributes less to
Telangana’s economy than it does to India’s
economy. However, the Industrial sector in the
State is very vibrant.
• As the Telanagana Government recognizes
that industrial development is crucial to job
creation and increasing productivity in other
sectors, it has taken up several measures to
ensure sustained growth of the Industrial
sector.
• This includes business reforms like TS-iPASS,
schemes for entrepreneurship like T-IDEA and
T-PRIDE, and multiple initiatives for the MSME
sector including Industrial Health Clinics, TS-
Globalinker, and partnerships with private
companies like SAP and Sapio Analytics.
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• The positive impact of the investments being
made by the Government towards
strengthening of the Industrial sector will start
producing results in coming years and the
benefits will continue to accrue.
• The Services sector accounted for around 61%
in 2021-22, is one of the most important
sectors in Telangana’s economy. Its share in
the State’s nominal GSVA (around 61%) is
larger than the share of this sector in India’s
nominal GVA (around 52%).
4. Explain the major poverty alleviation programs
of Telangana.
Introduction:
Mention the present condition of Telangana in
poverty.
Body:
Mention the measures that are taken by
Telangana Government to alleviate poverty.
Conclusion:
• The Government’s sustained commitment to
the welfare of the citizens is evident by the
schemes and programmes it has continued to
implementing in 2021- 22 such as Dalit Bandhu
and SC and ST Special Development Funds.
• The initiatives of Government are important
for alleviating poverty and developing a
futuristic developmental state.
• These initiatives provide economic growth
with equitable distribution of its benefits to
the Telangana people.
• Which in turn provides social protection to the
Telangana people.
Content:
• Poverty Alleviation program is to address the
poverty and its determinants which has been
one of the main focus areas of the Telangana
Government.
Mana La Excellence
• Since formation of Telanagana State, the
Government has revamped the existing
poverty alleviation programmes, especially the
Public Distribution System (PDS) and Mahatma
Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee
Scheme (MGNREGS) and the 100% subsidised
2-BHK Housing Scheme.
• Further, State level societies such as Society
for Elimination of Rural Poverty (SERP) and
Mission for Elimination of Poverty in Municipal
Areas (MEPMA) are:
➢ helping to build and nurture women
led Self Help Groups (SHGs) and
➢ implementing poverty alleviation
programmes in rural and urban areas.
• Importantly, the Government expanded the
focus of poverty alleviation by working to
eradicate multidimensional poverty.
• As per NITI Aayog’s Multidimensional Poverty
Index (MPI) baseline report 2021:
• It has three equally weighted dimensions—
Health, Education, and Living Standards
• one in four individuals in India is
multidimensionally poor, but in Telangana one
out of seven individuals is multidimensionally
poor.
• Since the state formation, the Government has
made targeted interventions for marginalised
groups in domains such as:
➢ Health (KCR Kits, Aarogya Lakshmi, Giri
Poshana, improving the Public Health
Infrastructure etc.,)
➢ Education (revamping school
infrastructure through Mana Ooru
Mana Badi) and
➢ Living Standards (housing, skill
development, asset creation, free
electricity, etc.).
• Aasara Pension:
➢ As part of its welfare and social safety
strategy, the Government has
introduced the “Aasara’’ pension
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scheme in 2014 in order to support the
most vulnerable sections of the society.
➢ The scheme is meant to protect
different sections of society.
➢ Since 2014, an average around 38 lakh
beneficiaries have been covered
annually under this scheme.
• Public Distribution System (PDS):
➢ The Government is distributing
essential commodities and food grains
to priority households at subsidised
prices.
➢ The Government has been
implementing the Public Distribution
System (PDS).
➢ The Government of Telangana has
extended the PDS coverage to an
additional 96 lakh people over and
above the prescribed coverage.
➢ Along with additional beneficiary
coverage the Government has also
enhanced the scale of distribution of
rice.
➢ Along with Food Security, the State has
facilitated Gas Connections to poor and
marginalised households under the
DEEPAM Scheme.
5. Explain the status and importance of working
age population in Telangana.
Introduction:
Write briefly about state of Telangana Economy.
Body:
Explain the status of working age population in
Telangana.
Explain the importance of working age population
in Telangana.
Conclusion:
• A skilled workforce is important not just for
enhancing people's income, but also crucial for
industrialization of the state.
Mana La Excellence
• Cross-country experiences show that
industrialization initiatives can be successful
only with the availability of skilled labour force.
• The study by the National Skill Development
Corporation has revealed the glaring skill gaps
in Telangana.
• The majority of the state workforce is
presently engaged as daily-wage earners or
agricultural labourers'.
• While both the government and the private
sectors are engaged in skilling process, there is
a great need to strengthen these initiatives.
Content:
• Developing countries are currently undergoing
a demographic transition with a lag and at a
faster speed as compared to developed
countries.
• The demographic transition brings with it
changes in the age structure of the population.
• Falling (child) mortality rates only followed
later on by falling fertility rates create a large
youth cohort.
• Population growth can thus no longer be
assumed stable during the demographic
transition.
• Releasing the assumption of stable or constant
population growth during the demographic
transition leads to new insights and a new role
for demography on economic growth in
developing countries.
• A changing age structure has consequences for
economic growth.
• Many developing countries are currently in a
phase of the demographic transition which
gives them the prospect of economic growth.
• In other words, these countries are either
approaching or experiencing a demographic
window of opportunity.
Working-age Population in Telangana:
• Age group wise analysis of the population
reveals that highest proportion of the
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population in Telangana is concentrated in the
age group of 20-29 years (constitutes about 20
per cent of the total population), followed by
10-19 years (about 18 per cent of the total
population).
• It is also noted that about 65 per cent of the
total population in the state is of working-age
(i.e. population aged 15-59).
• The large working age population is an
opportunity for the state to leap-frog its
economic growth, as this group comprises the
economically active population.
• They earn more than they consume, resulting
in higher savings and investment, which will
further spur economic growth.
• The bulge in the working-age population the
demographic window available to the state- -is
short-lived.
• As time passes, the working-age population
shifts to dependent population age group.
• During the 'demographic window period, the
labour force grows faster than the population
dependent on it, freeing up resources for
investment in economic development and
family welfare. Therefore, per capita income
grows more rapidly too.
• A demographic can be realized only if the
government invests in human capital,
especially in health, education and skill
development of those entering in the labour
force.
• Otherwise, a large, uneducated unhealthy,
unskilled, and under employed workforce
cause a burden to the society and threatens its
stability.
6. Decribe the Education Levels and Occupational
Status among Working Age Population in
Telangana.
Introduction:
Write briefly about Socio-Economic Condition of
Telangana State.
Mana La Excellence
Body:
Explain the education levels among working age
population in Telangana.
Explain the occupational status among working
age population in Telangana.
Conclusion:
• A skilled workforce is important not just for
enhancing people's income, but also crucial for
industrialization of the state.
• Cross-country experiences show that
industrialization initiatives can be successful
only with the availability of skilled labour force.
• The study by the National Skill Development
Corporation has revealed the glaring skill gaps
in Telangana.
• The majority of the state workforce is
presently engaged as daily-wage earners or
agricultural labourers'.
• While both the government and the private
sectors are engaged in skilling process, there is
a great need to strengthen these initiatives.
Content:
• Developing countries are currently undergoing
a demographic transition with a lag and at a
faster speed as compared to developed
countries.
• The demographic transition brings with it
changes in the age structure of the population.
• Falling (child) mortality rates only followed
later on by falling fertility rates create a large
youth cohort.
• Population growth can thus no longer be
assumed stable during the demographic
transition.
• Releasing the assumption of stable or constant
population growth during the demographic
transition leads to new insights and a new role
for demography on economic growth in
developing countries.
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Group 1 Mains Practice Questions
• A changing age structure has consequences for
economic growth.
• Many developing countries are currently in a
phase of the demographic transition which
gives them the prospect of economic growth.
• In other words, these countries are either
approaching or experiencing a demographic
window of opportunity.
Education Levels among Working Age Population
in Telangana:
• Education plays a key role in determining the
increase in work participation rate and
productivity.
• However, education levels in the working
population in Telangana leave much to be
desired. The educational levels in Telangana
State, ranging from up to primary (7%) to
secondary (29%), intermediate (10%),
graduation (14%), post-graduation and above
(4%), and also diploma Polytechnic/ITI (2%).
• Of the state's 2.39 crore working-age
population, about 34% are illiterate.
• Of the educated working-age population, 7 per
cent are educated up to primary level, about
29 per cent have completed secondary school
and 10 per cent lave studied up to
intermediate level.
• The working age population that has studied or
are pursuing higher levels of education is
about 20 per cent (graduation 14 per cent and
post-graduation 4 per cent or above).
• Only 1 per cent of the working-age population
in the state are having polytechnic industrial
training institute diploma.
Principal Occupational Analysis of Working-age
Population in Telangana:
• This analysis of the major occupational-wise
distribution of the working age population is
based on the Intensive Household Survey.
Mana La Excellence
• Of the total 2.39 crore working-age
population, about 85.5 lakh individuals did not
reveal their occupation.
• There are 18.89 lakh students and 17.7 lakh
housewives are in the state is in the age group
of 15-19.
• Apart from this, about 8.4lakh individuals have
reported as "do nothing", possibly due to
unemployment.
Among those who are working and revealed their
occupation, the highest proportion is working as
"daily wage labourers", followed by agricultural
labourers' and "own agriculture.
7. Discuss the features of first phase of land
reforms in Telangana during 1947-1970.
Introduction:
Mention the reasons that has contributed for land
reforms in Telangana.
Body:
Mention the important features of the first phase
of land reforms in Telangana i.e.., during 1947-
1970.
Conclusion:
Write impact of the land reforms of this phase.
Content:
Land Reforms in Telangana:
• Agriculture occupies an important place in
the economic, social and political life of
India even today.
• More than half of the population of the
country and the state depend on
agriculture.
• In any year the agricultural growth rate is
high, the economic growth rate is also high
in that year. There are two main reasons
for low productivity in the agricultural
sector.
➢ Technical errors are the cause of
low productivity.
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➢ The reason behind the
backwardness of agriculture is the
feudal and semi-feudal systems.
Eg:- Inequality in land ownership,
small plots, partition of plots, high
rent, lack of security of tenant etc.
• Measures taken to eliminate technological
deficiencies led to the New Agricultural
Policy (or) Green Revolution.
• Actions taken to eliminate land system
defects are called land reforms.
The main objectives of land reforms in India and
Telangana were:
• Removal of constraints to increase in
agricultural production.
• To remove the exploitations and social
injustices in the agricultural sector and to
protect the tiller of the land.
Government has set following objectives through
land reforms:
• Implementation of land ceiling: Rational
utilization of scarce land through plot size
change.
• Distribution of land to landless rural
people: Nehru's intention was "The
objective of land reform is to empower the
peasantry economically, socially and
politically".
First Phase (1947 – 70):
3 factors played a major role in land reforms
at this stage:
• Systematic factors: Land tenure practices,
tenancy systems, land concentration etc.
• Political factors: All India Congress and
State Congress resolutions and policies
• Peasant movements:
o Telangana Peasant Struggle Against
Feudal Extortion,
o Muslim Peasant Struggle against
Visunur Deshmukh in 1920.
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Systematic factors:
➢ Feudal policies
➢ Tenancy policies
➢ Geocentricity etc. which are a hindrance to
agricultural development.
Telangana region was part of Hyderabad state
before Andhra Pradesh came into being, while
Andhra and Rayalaseema region was part of joint
Madras state, so although there is some similarity
in land tenure practices in these two regions, there
is also some difference.
1. Feudal policies:
• Both the feudal systems introduced in the
British and Nizam regions in India were
obstacles to development.
• These did not contribute to development
but led to 'stagnation'.
• In 1853, Karl Marx recognized that the
zamindari and ryotwari systems were
contradictory forms of agrarian revolution
introduced by the British authorities.
• The zamindari system is known as
Pettandari system while Ryothwari system
is Prajatantra system.
• The zamindari system was a reflection of
the British feudal system, while the
peasant system was a reflection of the
French peasantry system.
• Both of these are not intended for the
benefit of the tilling farmer. Instruments
useful to the Government for levying taxes
on lands.
2. Tenancy Procedures in Hyderabad Region:
• There were 2 types of tenants in
Hyderabad region when the Assamese
Shakmechattam came into force in 1944.
• Doubtful Tenants (Permanent Tenants): If
the tenant has the right to protect and
cultivate the land, they are called Doubtful
Tenants.
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• Asami Shakmi Tenants (tenants without
any rights): An Asami Shakmi tenant leases
land for 12 years. He is recognized as a
shaki tenant when he is able to keep his
possession.
3. Land concentration:
• In areas like Nalgonda and Warangal in
Telangana region, about 60% to 70% of
land is concentrated in the hands of
Jagidars and Inandars.
• Centralization of land ownership should be
reduced and a maximum limit should be
fixed and surplus land should be
distributed to the landless. Arguments on
the subject have always existed.
Political factors:
• Returning to India in 1915, Gandhiji's
political career began with the peasant
struggle.
Eg : Champaran Movement (Bihar)
• 1931 – The Karachi Congress passed a
resolution to abolish the Zamindari system.
• 1946 – Congress promised to eliminate
middlemen in its election manifesto.
• The Nizam government not only did not
recognize the Congress party but also
banned it until 1946. Therefore, as an
alternative to this, Arya Samaj started in
1921 and tried to bring awareness among
the people of Telangana. But it must be
said that after 1948 the Congress came to
power and played some role in the
formulation and implementation of land
reform laws.
Peasant movements:
• In 1928 N.G. Andhra State Rythu Sangam
was formed under the leadership of Ranga.
• 1936 – All India Kisan Sabha formed.
• In 1945 there was a peasant armed
struggle.
Mana La Excellence Group 1 Mains Practice Questions

Land Tenure Systems in Hyderabad State: There
were different types of land tenure systems in
Hyderabad state.
• Jagirs
• Institutions
• Inandars
• Surfacekhas
• Khalsa/Diwani/Rytwari
8. Discuss the salient features of the second
phase of land reforms in Telangana state i.e.,
after 1970.
Introduction:
Mention the reasons that has contributed for land
reforms in Telangana.
Body:
Discuss the features of the 2nd phase of land
reforms in Telangana i.e.., during 1947-1970.
Conclusion:
Discuss the impact of 2nd phase of land reforms in
Telangana.
Content:
The main objectives of land reforms in India and
Telangana were:
• Removal of constraints to increase in
agricultural production.
• To remove the exploitations and social
injustices in the agricultural sector and to
protect the tiller of the land.
Government has set following objectives through
land reforms:
• Implementation of land ceiling: Rational
utilization of scarce land through plot size
change.
• Distribution of land to landless rural
people: Nehru's intention was "The
objective of land reform is to empower the
peasantry economically, socially and
politically".
Second Phase – Land Reforms after 1970: The first
phase of land reforms was completed by 1970 and
the second phase of land reforms after 1970.
3 main points can be mentioned for the second
round of land reforms.
• Economic Reasons / Green Revolution.
• Political reasons
• The tension of peasant struggles
Economic Reasons/Green Revolution:
• By the time of independence, India was in
a position to import food grains from
abroad. As per the instructions of the Ford
Foundation (USA) committee
• Concentrated Agricultural Districts
Program (IADP) in 1960-61
• Concentrated Agricultural Areas Program
(IAAP) was introduced in 1965.
• High Yield Variety Program (HYVP) was
started in 1966. Due to this, agricultural
production has increased tremendously.
• One of the primary objectives of land
reform is to increase agricultural
production. That is, as agricultural
production increased, the need for land
reforms decreased.
Political reasons:
• In 1948, the recommendations of the
Kumarappa Committee were limited to the
removal of intermediaries. The slogan
"Earth to the ploughman" was raised.
• In the 1952 and 1957 elections,
revolutionary laws were introduced to
reduce the influence of the Communists,
but amendments were introduced with
several exceptions to appease the landed
classes and attract rural voters through
them.

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Mana La Excellence
• In the 1967 elections, Congress voter
turnout declined in many states. Non-
Congress governments were formed.
• Under the leadership of Indira Gandhi, the
Congress nationalized the banks, abolished
the royal emoluments, and became the
slogan of Garibi Hatao. She tried to turn
the rural poor towards their party.
• With the advent of non-Congress
governments in some states, the issue of
land reforms has come to the fore again.
• In 1972, on the recommendations of the
committee appointed by the Congress on
Land Reforms, the Chief Ministers meeting
held in 1972 for the first time recognized
land reforms as a national issue and
formulated some guiding principles at the
national level.
• In the All India Congress in 1972, he asked
the state congress committees and
workers to enact new land reform laws in
all states and ensure that land is
distributed to the deserving.
• It was in accordance with these guidelines
that the Maximum Land Limitation Act,
1973 came into force.
The tension of peasant struggles:
• In 1969, under the leadership of the Multi-
Party, there was a land struggle for
government waste lands and government
lands occupied by landlords.
• It first started in Krishna district and spread
all over the state. 64,000 agricultural
laborers occupied about one lakh acres of
land and started cultivating it.
• Communist parties and socialist parties
have intensified the joint land struggle.
• In 1972, the two Communist parties, the
farmers' unions and the agricultural labor
unions announced a three-phase program
of struggle for the Congress to implement
its election promises and promulgate new
land reform laws.
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• In 1967, the armed peasant struggle that
started in Bari village of West Bengal by the
Naxals entered Srikakulam district of AP
and soon spread to the Godavari river
basin (Karimnagar, Adilabad, Warangal,
Khammam, West Godavari).
• It was this Naxalite movement that made
the tribes conscious and led an armed
struggle against the exploitative practices
of the non-tribal landlords and forest
officials.
• The main reasons for the 2nd round of land
reforms were the bad results brought by
the Green Revolution, the changes in the
political power of the state and the
intensity of the communist
movements. Therefore, new laws and
amendments have been proposed in the
matter of land reforms.
9. Explain the Telangana’s podu lands issue of
Telangana Government.
Introduction:
Mention the podu land issue of Telangana
Government.
Body:
Mention the Government measures to solve that
problem and mention the impact of that move.
Conclusion:
• Deforestation, losing fertility of land and soil
erosion are the problem of Podu system of
cultivation.
• We can overcome these problems thorough
Government measures by conservation of
agro-biodiversity, especially the local and
native crop species and varieties.
Content:
The Telangana government has decided to move
landless, non-tribal farmers engaged in Podu
shifting cultivation inside forests to peripheral
areas as it wants to combat deforestation.
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Podu:
• Podu is a traditional system of cultivation used
by tribes in India, whereby different areas of
jungle forest are cleared by burning each year
to provide land for crops.
• Podu is a form of shifting agriculture using
slash-and-burn methods.
Issue in Telangana:
• Shifting cultivation continues to be a
predominant agricultural practice in many
parts of India, despite state discouragement
and multipronged efforts.
• Telangana government has controlled the
encroachment of forests by non-tribals, who
are indulging in the practice of shifting
agriculture (podu).
• Several political leaders have raised the issues
of shifting agriculture and deforestation
wherein encroachers clear a portion of land.
• The government now wants to shift out all
farmers from the forests to the periphery by
allotting lands to them for cultivation.
Impact of the move
• Tribal farmers who have been traditionally
cultivating for decades will not be affected by
this.
• This is against illegal encroachers.
• The government has in fact, given land
ownership titles to tribals.
• Other encroaching farmers will be shifted out.
10. Explain why the Telangana Government
wants the Centre to amend Scheduled Tribes &
Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (RoFR) Act,
2006 to end podu lands issue.
Introduction:
Explain the Centre’s Scheduled Tribes & Other
Traditional Forest Dwellers (RoFR) Act, 2006.
Body:
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Group 1 Mains Practice Questions
Mention the reasons why Telangana Government
want to amend that Act.
Conclusion:
• The podu land issue will be resolved, only
when the Centre Government should:
➢ amend the Scheduled Tribes and Other
Traditional Forest Dwellers
(Recognition of Forest Rights) Act and
➢ also increase the cut-off date.
• The Centre Government should to take a policy
decision so that the Telangana non-tribals too
would get relief along with the Telangana
tribals.
Content:
• As per State government recent data, around
3lakh farmers were engaged in podu
cultivation across Telangana state in that
➢ 62% are tribals and
➢ 38% are non-tribals.
• Podu is a traditional system of land cultivation
used by tribes in Telangana, whereby different
areas of jungle forest are cleared by burning
each year to provide land for crops.
• Podu is a form of shifting agriculture using
slash-and-burn methods.
• The Recognition of Forest Rights Act (RoFR Act)
or 1/70 Act of the Central government would
allow the State government to give
pattas(legal rights over forest land) to tribals.
• The RoFR Act, 2006, which puts the cut-off
date as December 13, 2005, the tribes who
were in forest before the cutoff date will
eligible to get government pattas.
• As per Act, the State government provided
rights to 96,600 farmers over forest lands in
2008.
• If the existing Act, was implemented only a few
number of tribals would be benefited.
• The State government, which implemented
the act received around 3 lakh applications
seeking Podu pattas for tribal land.
Mana La Excellence
• But due to lack of data, some tribals who were
in possession of lands before 2005 did not get
pattas.
• Besides tribals, some non-tribals who were
occupied the forest lands after 2005 and
cultivating forest lands are also seeking
pattas.
• Pattas for non-tribals would be given only if
they show proof that they have been
cultivating the lands for the past 75 years.
• Thus a large number of tribals and non-tribals
would be denied rights over lands if the Act
was implemented.
• So Telangana Government wants the Centre
should relax some conditions, so that state is
enabled to give pattas to tribals and non-
tribals as well.
• In addition, the State government also
requested the Centre to increase the cut-off
date.
• The podu land issue will be permanently
resolved only if the Centre amended the
existing Act.
• Till then, the State is helpless and unable to do
justice to tribals.
11. Analyse the need for structural reforms in
Telangana’s Agriculture.
Introduction:
Mention the present condition of Telangana’s
Agriculture.
Body:
Analyse the need for the structural reforms of
Telangana’s Agriculture for enhancing the both
farmer’s income and agriculture production in
Telangana. Mention measures in this regard.
Conclusion:
• Agriculture is a way of life, a tradition that has
shaped the culture and economic life of the
people of the state, and continues to employ
around half of the workforce.
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Group 1 Mains Practice Questions
• Therefore, it will continue to be central to all
strategies for planned socioeconomic
development of the State.
Content:
• Agriculture plays a pivotal role in the
Telangana economy and the better
performance of this sector is vital for inclusive
growth.
• The contribution of agriculture and allied
sectors to the State’s Gross State Value Added
(GSVA) has increased by 142 per cent from
2014 to 2020.
• Telangana ranked third in the country in terms
of percentage increase in growth rate of Gross
State Domestic Product (GSDP).
• Telangana achieved the third highest
percentage increase in GSDP value at current
prices between 2014-15 and 2020-21.
• In 2020-21, Telangana was the sixth highest
contributor to the country’s GDP at current
prices.
• The resilience was led by the agriculture and
allied sectors which grew around 18%.
Need for Structural Reforms
• In agriculture value chain one of the weakest
links is
➢ getting access to markets and
➢ to receive information on which crops
to grow.
• With the increase in production, there are
chances of supply demand shocks which in
turn result in less remuneration for farmers.
• Towards this, state government has initiated
multiple strategies in terms of crop
diversification through support for Oil Palm
and other horticulture crops.
Crop Diversification
• Sustainable agricultural growth in the state
requires crop diversification.
Mana La Excellence
• This will make farmer incomes more resilient
to fluctuating prices and help them realise
higher the farm incomes.
• State government has emphasised on the
importance of crop diversification and
recommended crops like Ground nut, Sun
flower, Sesamum, Bengal gram, Black gram
etc.
• In 2020-21, there was significantly greater crop
diversification in some district of Telangana.
Oil palm cultivation
• Oil palm cultivation assumes significance for
augmenting the indigenous availability of
edible oil.
• State has the potential planting material,
irrigation and proper management, oil palm
has the potential to increase income of the
farmers.
• Also oil palm produces 10 to 46 times more oil
compared to other oilseed crops.
• Thus, it has enormous potential for cultivation.
• To attain self-sufficiency under oil palm in
India, an additional area of is required.
• Telangana Stands
➢ 6th in Oil palm area,
➢ 1st in productivity and
➢ 1st in Oil Extraction Rate (OER).
• Around 11 Oil processing units are operating in
the state at present.
• To augment the Oil Palm cultivation in the
state, the Government of Telangana is
providing a subsidy to oil palm farmers and
Farmers can avail assistance on Micro/drip
Irrigation.
• The main objective of extending subsidies to
the farmers is to attract farmers to shift to oil
palm cultivation.
• To ensure the availability of the oil palm
seedlings at the village level, the government
decided to set up palm nurseries in
coordination with the Forest Development
Corporation, Panchayat Raj and Rural
Development departments.
Organic Farming
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• With an aim to promote sustainable
agriculture, the state government initiated
promotion of organic agriculture.
• There are two significant areas where organic
systems have higher yields compared to
conventional systems:
➢ Under extremes climatic conditions and
➢ in smallholder systems.
• With around 88% farmers in the smallholder
category, Telangana state has the potential to
be a model for others to follow.
• Organic farming has advantages such as:
➢ It has the potential to produce high quality
food
➢ enhance natural resource base and
environment
➢ increase income and
➢ contribute to the wellbeing of the farmers.
12.Explain the Telangana Government’s
initiatives for enhancing the farmer’s income.
Introduction:
Mention the present condition of Telangana’s
Agriculture.
Body:
Mention the steps that were taken by Telangana
Government in various sectors for enhancing
farmer’s income.
Conclusion:
• Since the formation of the state, Telangana has
made major strides in the Agriculture and
Allied Sectors.
• Through policies of Telangana Government,
the Government intends to increase the
capacity to process the surplus produce from
the agriculture, horticulture, animal
husbandry, milk, and fisheries sectors.
Content:
• The Doubling Farmers Income strategy of
Government of India has recommended that,
to increase farmer’s income, it is necessary for
farmers to diversify into non-farm income as
Mana La Excellence
well as stress upon improving the necessity of
livestock productivity.
• Animal Husbandry provides an additional
income and employment to the farmers,
especially during unpredictable weather
patterns.
Livestock sector:
• Telangana state has given importance to the
livestock sector and come up with schemes
with an integrated outlook to support farmers
and to develop the sector.
• This led to growth in milk, eggs and meat
production over the years and at all India level
for the year 2019- 20, Telangana stands at
➢ 5th in meat production
➢ 3rd in egg production and
➢ 13th in milk production.
Sheep Rearing and Development Programme
(SRDP):
• SRDP was introduced by the state government
to develop the economic standards of the
shepherd communities by supporting the
traditional shepherd families with supply of
(20+1) sheep with a unit cost of Rs.1.25 lakh,
with a subsidy component of 75% and a total
project outlay of Rs. 5,000 crores.
• From introduction of the program (2017) to till
date, a total of 79.98 lakh sheep have been
distributed to 3,80,878 members of Primary
Sheep Breeder Cooperative Societies.
• Keeping the rise in cost of Sheep in the open
market and also increase in transportation
prices, in the Phase II of the SRDP program
(2021-22 and 2022-23), the Government has
enhanced the Unit cost from Rs.1,25,000/- to
Rs.1,75,000/- with a beneficiary target of 3.5
lakhs.
• After the implementation of the scheme, the
meat production in the state has seen a growth
rate of 43.5% (in between 2016-17 to 2019-20)
from 5.9 lakh tonnes to 8.5 lakh tonnes only
behind Karnataka (with a growth rate of 45%
in the same period).
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Dairy sector:
• Dairy sector is an important way for farmers to
increase their earnings and access to more
nutritious food for their families.
• To encourage farmers to take up dairying, the
state government has introduced a scheme to
provide Rs.4/- as incentive per litre of milk
collected to the members of Cooperative
dairies by directly crediting the amount to
their bank accounts every month.
• An amount of Rs.343.00 Crore is spent on this
Programme in between 2014-15 and 2020-21.
Between 2014-15 and 2020-21, milk
production has seen a growth of 37% (from 42
lakh tons in 2014-15 to 57.6 lakh tons in 2020-
21.
• This has also led to an increase in per capita
availability of milk from 321gm/day in 2015 to
410gms/day in 2020.
Fodder:
• With 138.92 Lakh livestock units across the
state, fodder plays a vital role in the
production and green fodder is essential for
high yielding dairy animals to enhance
productivity.
• State government has stressed upon supply of
fodder seed to motivate the farmers to
cultivate and make available fodder locally.
• Accordingly, 797 MTs of fodder seed were
supplied in 2020-21 with an output of
approximately1.60 Lakh MT of dry fodder.
• An amount of Rs. 442.52 lakhs budget is
indicated under Feed and Fodder
Development programme during the year
2021-22.
Poultry:
• With an annual output of 1,586 crore eggs in
2020-21, Telangana stands 3rd in egg
production in the country.
• To incentivize the sector, the state
government is providing free power upto
200/unit to 5,894 poultry farms from 2015
onwards.
Mana La Excellence
• As per the latest data from RBI, in the year
2019-20, with a contribution of 12.94%, to
total egg production in the country, Telangana
state is 3rd top contributor to the production
of eggs.
Aquaculture:
• A fishery is one of the fast growing sectors
generating income and employment in the
state of Telangana.
• The sector plays an important role in the
overall socio-economic development of fisher
families in Telangana by providing nutrition &
food security.
• Telangana is the only state where all suitable
water bodies are stocked with adequate
numbers of quality fish seed by providing 100%
grant.
• To provide employment opportunities to
women groups, 150 numbers of customised
vehicles, designed for dual usage of raw fish
sales and Ready-to-Eat fish food are being
provided in GHMC limits.
• For the welfare of the fisheries community, a
group accident insurance scheme has also
been launched by the state government from
2014-15.
13. Explain the Telangana’s Agriculture Data
Management Policy.
Introduction:
Explain briefly about the Telangana Agricultural
Data management policy.
Body:
Mention the reasons that has contributed for the
introduction of this policy.
Conclusion:
• Agriculture forms the backbone of Telangana's
Economy.
• This policy will definitely help the farmers of
Telangana.
• Apart from these Telangana Government
should also concentrate on some problematic
areas of agriculture system such as:
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➢ changing weather conditions creating a
situation of drought
➢ lack of ground water irrigation sources
➢ digging bore wells for water
➢ extreme indebtedness of farmers
➢ failure of bank institutions to extend
the loans in timely manner
➢ increasing capital investments and
➢ lack of reasonable market price for
farm produce
Content:
• Monetising certain agricultural data has been
proposed under a new Agriculture Data
Management Policy of Telangana
Government.
• The policy which aims to codify norms,
processes, guidelines, etc. for handling
agricultural data.
• Apart from monetising agricultural data, the
policy also proposes:
➢ instituting grievance redressal
➢ data management officers for various
entities including government
departments
➢ a grievance redressal mechanism and
key principles on which data
governance frameworks, Standard
Operating Procedures (SOPs), etc. can
be built for agricultural data.
Importance of the policy:
• Due to 5 million farmers depend on it and that
the sector contributes to about 15% of the
GSDP. So Telangana Government has been
giving a high priority to the development of the
agriculture sector.
• The Government, further impacts on the levels
of production, productivity, and profitability of
the farmers by promoting digital agriculture
and extensive use of technologies including
the emerging technologies like AI, ML, IoT,
Drones and satellite imagery.
Mana La Excellence
• Agri-tech initiatives, even from the Central
government are up-and-coming in India.
• Telangana’s policy could guide the Central
government’s initiative of Agri-tech.
Purposes for processing data:
• For agricultural credit:
➢ Assessment of credit worthiness and
extension of short, medium, and long-
term loans to farmers and the
associated processes like recovery.
➢ Extending credit to farmers basing on
Negotiable Warehouse Receipts (NWR)
• For Insurance:
➢ Providing crop insurance cover and
disbursing of the amount assured on
meeting the defined criteria.
➢ Providing insurance cover for farm
machinery
• For payment services:
Enabling electronic payments and receipts
arising out of the transactions relating the
purposes specified in this standard.
14. Telangana’s Rythu Vedikas truly empowering
farmers. Analyse.
Introduction:
Write briefly about Telangana’s Rythu Vedikas
scheme.
Body:
Mention the reasons that Telangana’s Rythu
Vedikas contributed to empower the farmers of
Telangana.
Conclusion:
• Agriculture is a focal point to all the strategies
for planned socio-economic development of
Telangana.
• Agriculture plays an important role in the
economy of Telangana and its better
performance is vital for inclusive growth.
• No doubt, the Rythu Vedikas will become a hub
for all the farmer related activities such as
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Agriculture Knowledge Sharing and
Dissemination Centers serving the objective of
the Government to provide services at
doorsteps of the farmers to make farming
sustainable and profitable.
Content:
• Telangana Rythu Vedika Scheme is the
scheme of Telangana Government for the
farmers.
• The Government has created a platform
for the farmers to address all the
underlying issues confronted by the
farmers.
• The platform will act as a one-stop
destination for all the farmers by keeping
the all farmers in a similar platform for
selling their produce.
• Through the state policies, the government
will directly purchase the food grains from
the farmers. Thereby, giving direct aids to
the farmers of the state.
Objectives of the Scheme:
• Increase the returns of the farmers who
are affected due to the Pandemic.
• With this portal, Farmers can discuss
various issues.
• The scheme has the prime objective to
redressal the issues of the farmers.
• The scheme will focus on discussions over
farm-related issues.
• It will address and raise the agro-farm
production related issues.
Benefits and Features of Rythu Vedika Scheme:
The scheme has some unique benefits and
features associated with the welfare of the
farmers in the state. Some of these benefits are:
• The scheme focuses on organising the
farmers into groups, to address the
collective issues.
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• With the scheme implementation, a high
Price for the Produce is ensured.
• The scheme will enhance the agricultural
productivity of state.
• Farmers will be able to access more
beneficial marketing facilities.
• The Rythu vedikas will serve as a platform
for farmers to collectively raise issues.
• This initiative will increase the productivity
of the farms.
• It will increase the profits and returns of
the farmers.
• A Rythu Vedika will serve as a portal to
discuss the issues of the farmers.
• By using this platform farmer can also sell
their products.
• Such a scheme will also ensure that the
rights of the farmers are guarded.
Empowering the farmers of Telangana:
The initiative is proving to be a role model in
the areas of agriculture.
• Rythu Vedikas are the first of its kind in India
where a platform is created for the farmers to
organize themselves in groups for attaining
their ultimate objectives:
• to get the remunerative prices for their crops
• better marketing facilities
• higher productivity and
• ultimately making the agriculture profitable.
• They will also help the farmers to organize
themselves into a formidable group to protect
their rights.
• The Government of Telangana proposes to
connect all Rythu Vedikas across the state
through the optical fiber network.
• Rythu Vedikas function through qualified staff.
They ensure the:
➢ Delivery of Services
➢ Capacity Building and
➢ Knowledge Dissemination.
➢ they also get farmer advisories and
➢ linkages with service centers for all
the Government schemes.
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• Delivery of services include: Crop Booking,
Enrolment of farmers under Rythu Bandhu,
Rythu Bhima, PM Kisan, etc., and
implementation of various state and centrally
sponsored schemes by selection of farmers.
• Capacity building includes region specific and
crop oriented training programs to create
awareness among the farmers.
• Also, training of the farmers on identification,
advantages of natural risks and timely
application of inputs to harness the higher
yields are provided.
• The emphasis is to empower the farmers by
adopting good agricultural practices, duly
emphasizing the critical stages of a crop and
decision making in his own field, and also
helping to minimise the pesticide and
insecticide usage.
• As part of knowledge dissemination, training
and field diagnostic visits and demonstrations
take place.
• Besides, timely farm advisories to farmers on
pests and disease outbreak, weather updates,
market prices, availability of seeds, fertilizers,
etc., at Rythu Vedikas are provided to the
farmers.
• Rythu Vedikas are serving as service centers
for all Government schemes by disseminating
the latest guidelines, feedback of farmers and
for making the schemes more reachable to the
farmers.
• Agriculture and Horticulture Universities,
National level institutes, State and National
Institutes on Agriculture and allied
departments are utilizing the Rythu Vedikas
for their programs.
• The Rythu Vedikas bring in a transparent,
people-friendly and progressive change in
Agriculture sector.
15. Food Processing industry of Telangana has
been recognized as one of the thrust sectors of
Telangana state in the industrial policy
framework of 2014. Explain its significance.
Introduction:
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Mention the present condition of Food processing
sector of Telangana.
Body:
Mention the reasons why Food Processing
industry of Telangana recognised as one of the
thrust sectors of Government policy.
Conclusion:
• Telangana was declared the 3rd most
attractive destination for Doing Business in
2019.
• The state has built itself as a pioneer in the
export and manufacturing sector.
• The Government intends to further strengthen
its industry ecosystem through its
manufacturing and employment centric
approach to industrial development.
• Since the formation of Telangana, several
steps have been taken to foster an investor-
friendly climate.
• Telangana Government is expanding its
support to high growth potential sectors such
as food processing and textiles in order to
make the state an export hub in these sectors.
Content:
• Food processing has been identified as one of
the 14 thrust sectors for the state in the
industrial policy framework of 2014.
• Currently, Food processing industry in
Telangana processes 25% agri & allied output
by value and adds 12.5% in value.
• Telangana has a rich agri-food raw material
base.
• Telangana was ranked first across the country
for production of turmeric and sweet orange in
2015.
• Further, Telangana has well-established
poultry and seed business.
• Moreover, it has huge potential to promote
inland fisheries, organized meat processing,
greenhouse and exotic vegetable cultivation in
the state.
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• To add value to agro-products and to maintain
and expand the existing strengths as well as to
partner with the national Food Processing
Mission, there is a need for encouragement in
this sector.
• There are numerous subsidies, policies and
schemes that state has introduced to support
the sector.
• There are few major food park projects with
integrated cold chains.
• The state intends to expand the presence of
such parks across other districts in the state.
• To extend the scope and growth of food
processing industries in the state, the
Telangana Government introduced a Food
Processing and Preservation Policy in 2021.
• The primary aim of the policy is to create
Special Food Processing Zones (SPFZs) in the
state.
• In order to attract food processing industries,
the state has offered power rebates,
reimbursements to Agriculture Produce
Marketing Committees (APMCs), capital
grants, land cost rebates, and other benefits to
the establishments within the SPFZs.
• It aims to attract the capital investment and
provide a livelihood to Telangana people.
16. Discuss the significance of MSMEs to
Telangana’s Economy. Mention the
government’s measures to promote the same.
Intro: Discuss the status of MSMEs in Telangana.
Body: Discuss the significance of MSMEs and
Measures
Conclusion:
Write the way forward- What further measures
can be taken
Content:
It is estimated that Telangana is home to about 2.6
million MSMEs, out of which 56% are in rural areas
and 44% in urban areas.
Mana La Excellence
As many as 63.388 Million registered MSME units
have commenced their operations since the
formation of the state, with an investment of
about Rs.11,487crore.
Since January 2015, MSMEs have provided
additional employment opportunities to
approximately 1109.89 lakh persons.
The Telangana government has been according
top priority to MSMEs growth. According to the TS
iPASS, nearly 16,365 units started operations
between January 2015 and January 2022,
generating employment for 2.44 lakh people.
The UDYAM portal data of the Ministry of Micro,
Small and Medium Enterprises states that MSMEs
are majorly concentrated in Hyderabad, Medchal-
Malkajgiri, Sangareddy, Rangareddy and
Karimnagar districts, with Hyderabad accounting
for the highest share of MSMEs among all the
districts.
Government Measures-
Policy measures-
• T-IDEA (Telangana State Industrial
Development and Entrepreneur
Advancement)
• T-PRIDE
Infrastructural Measures-
1. There are 28 Industrial parks developed by
TSIIC which are available for MSMEs across
2500 acres of land. 6 new parks have been
proposed and 12 are under upgradation.
2. Green Industrial park for MSMEs in Yadadri –
Industries Minister inaugurated
Dandumalkapur TSIIC-TIF-Micro Small and
Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) Green Industrial
Park in Nov 2019. MSME Park is expected to
attract 1,553 crore investments, house more
than 450 industries and generate about 35,000
jobs. This is the first model industrial park to
be set up for the MSME sector after the
formation of Telangana. The government
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provided the infrastructure and basic
amenities in the park and also laid a road from
the park to the national highway.
3. Micro Industrial Park, Rairaopeta, Bibinagar,
Yadadri – A new Industrial park development
started during 2020-21, for Micro enterprises
in 40 acres of land for 171 units. The park will
attract investments of Rs. 420 Crores and
provide direct employment to 4200 people
To promote growth and employment-generation
potential of the MSME sector, the State
government has launched several initiatives such
as the Telangana State Industrial Development
Corporation, Telangana Industrial Health Clinic
Limited, has entered into partnership with private
players, launched TS Globallinker (a digital
networking platform that helps MSMEs contact
global buyers and sellers and get appraised about
opportunities in the sector).
17. Discuss the India's largest floating solar power
project in Telangana. Analyse the advantages and
disadvantages of this project.
Introduction:
Write briefly about India's largest floating solar
power project in Telangana.
Body:
Mention the advantages and disadvantages of this
technology.
Conclusion:
This technology is still in nascent stage,
Government should careful watch and monitors
its outcomes so that Government can balance
both advantages and disadvantages of this
technology.
Content:
• Telangana is floating solar parks on water to
get around land acquisition challenges
• Ramagundam in Telangana has a unique
landscape.
Mana La Excellence
• The Godavari river flows on one side of the
city.
• Being one of the important power generation
centres of National Thermal Power
Corporation in South India.
• The area comes under the Godavari Valley
Coalfields the only coalfield of South India.
• Here coal is mined and processed to create
thermal energy to cater to the needs of the
state.
• However, the region, besides being known for
its coal mining reserve and thermal power
generation.
• The National Thermal Power
Corporation announced one of India’s largest
100 megawatts floating solar parks (at a single
location) at Ramagundam.
• Floating solar photovoltaic plants are
renewable energy generation plants where
solar panels are mounted on a structure on a
water body.
Floating solar park:
• The floating solar park is situated away from
the Godavari river.
• The plant produce 100 megawatts of clean
energy.
• It is also working towards producing Green
Methanol using green hydrogen and carbon
captured from flue gases of the thermal
project.
• The traffic signals have already been energised
with off-grid solar energy, which is used by the
local residents of the city.
• There are around 15 solar floating power
plants in India under different stages of
construction.
• While some are undertaken by the National
Thermal Power Corporation, some by National
Hydro Power Corporation and others.
• All these 15 solar plants, after construction
might help the country in achieving its clean
energy targets.
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Advantages of this technology:
• No loss of land space.
➢ Land space is a huge deal when it
comes to solar.
➢ Especially with the rise of community
solar.
➢ Many people wish miles of land
weren’t being used for solar farms and
would prefer things like homes and
businesses to be built on the land.
➢ Sometimes, trees are even removed to
place solar panels there, which is the
opposite of the environmental ideals
pushed by the solar industry.
➢ With floating solar, no land is used and
no nature is killed in the process.
• Avoids overheating:
➢ A common problem with solar panels is
overheating.
➢ They’re out in the sun all day but solar
panels also have to do with
overheating causing a lower efficiency.
➢ On large bodies of water, the panels
will still receive the optimal amount of
sunlight, and they won’t have to deal
with overheating due to cooling effects
from the water.
• Solar helps the water:
➢ Solar panels help the water.
➢ This is because the panels on the water
stop it from evaporating as fast, which
reduces the amount of droughts in the
area.
➢ It also provides shade, which reduces
the amount of algae that blooms.
Disadvantage of this technology:
• They cost more:
➢ The new technology costs more.
➢ Because of it is harder to install, the
need for special equipment and the
need for a specialised installer.
➢ However, the benefits outweigh the
costs.
Mana La Excellence Group 1 Mains Practice Questions

• These are only good for large-scale arising in the future as the technology
application: expands.
➢ A residential home is not suited for this
18. Write briefly on Telangana Government
technology.
policy on urban technologies for 2021-2026.
➢ These are generally used for large
companies, community solar and utility Introduction:
companies.
Mention the reasons why Telangana Government
State initiatives wanted this policy.
Body:
• Land requirement is one of the challenges
faced by renewable energy projects such as Mention the domains or areas where urban
solar and wind parks. technologies are used in Telangana.
• But with this floating solar plant, clean energy
Conclusion:
projects that do not need land.
• In India, given the rise in demand for power
• Telangana has been on an incredible journey
and the need for more clean energy growth,
towards excellence since its establishment.
experimenting with new technologies like
• The state is looking to double production,
floating solar power becomes significant.
productivity, farmer’s income and overall,
• It has more potential to create power than
improve the welfare of all sections of society.
solar panels installed on land in addition it will
• It also aims at having the most optimum
reduce the evaporation from the water bodies.
utilization of natural resources, high quality of
• If they are confined to stagnant water bodies
living and an accountable and citizen-centric
below 5% of the total area of the water body,
Government.
there are less chances of any possible damage
• Technology will play a major role in pursuing
to the water body due to this technology.
all the above goals.
• It costs around 20% to 25% higher than the
• The 2nd ICT Policy of Telangana Government
ground solar plants due to the extra cost of
will place IT in the center stage of fulfilling the
floats and other additional devices needed to
above goals.
ensure its anchoring to the water body that
• This policy document will set the path to:
reduces its viability.
➢ continue achieving greatness and
• Environmentalists meanwhile demanding for
➢ empowering the citizens.
well-defined standard operating protocols and
policies for this technology from Government Content:
to avoid any conflicts in future.
• The concept of floating solar power plants is • Telangana is one of the most urbanized states
new in the country but it is slowly getting in the country with over 40% of the state's
expanded in different parts of the country. population being urban residents.
• In future, there could be some conflicts among • The government aims to convert all cities and
different stakeholders like the local major towns into smart cities and facilitate this
communities, farmers and others with the conversion for rural locations as well
private developers of such plants.
Town Domain Services
• Thus there is a need for well-crafted standard
operating protocols and policies from the A multitude of town-specific application services
Government to redress to any such issues will be supported through new technological
functionalities in the domains such as:
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➢ Mobility planning waste management
➢ Housing parking
➢ Health and
➢ Education facilities
Smart Lighting:
• The use of Information of Technology(IoT)
has greatly improved the scope and
potential of Lighting Solutions in cities.
• LED and IoT-based smart lighting systems
will be used to enhance power savings and
add additional features to study air quality
noise pollution and pedestrian safety
Smart Education:
• Digital education solutions will help us
serve the students of the state better.
• The ITE&C Department will work with the
Education Department and develop state-
of-the-art learning solutions and give all
students access to the best learning
solutions
Smart Mobility:
• New technologies have the potential to
transform to transportation needs of
citizens.
• Projects like smart traffic signals, smart
buses tracked public transport solutions
will be explored by the government to
improve reliability, accountability and to
ease citizens Iives.
Smart Water:
• Smart Irrigation and water supply systems
will be developed in the upcoming smart
cities to study and improve the availability
of water, decrease waste and monitor the
usage of water better.
Smart Healthcare:
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• Digital Healthcare is a fast-growing space
with innovations taking over the
healthcare needs of citizens.
• Digital consulting, record-keeping,
monitoring and medicine delivery among
others will be explored and made standard
in the smart cities.
Smart Tourism:
• With the emergence of technologies like
Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality
(VR) technology, there is a lot of scope to
make tourist spots in the state more
interactive and attractive for local and
international tourists.
• The government will deploy suitable
solutions with an emphasis on cultural
showcases.
Smart Waste Management:
• Waste management is a key consideration
to designing a well-structured city.
• Hyderabad already has loT-based smart
waste management systems that help save
fuel, time and other resources.
• More such solutions will be explored and
more locations will have such smart
technologies for waste management.
Data Driven Administration:
• Tools for smart administration will be set
up in the city to monitor the operations,
quality, and flow of elements like water,
air, and traffic.
• The government and citizens will be
enabled to get a holistic view of the city's
operations and status.
• In addition, this will also enable data driven
and evidence-based decision-making and
planning for the activities in the city.
Emergency Control:
Mana La Excellence Group 1 Mains Practice Questions

• ICT functionalities will be developed in the
selected smart localities to control
activities and help the town's
administrators to carry out operations
efficiently during medical emergencies and
natural calamities.
• Facilities along the lines of smart
ambulances, smart traffic systems, and
Safety and Security
early crisis detection will be developed to
aid emergency control services
Government Services Enablement:
• Through E-Governance and M-Governance
services, the Government is enroute to
enabling a 100% digital service
environment.
• The government will facilitate the setting
up of physical infrastructure in the form of
Mee-Seva centers and T-Fiber to promote
accessibility of digital services from the
government
Safety and Security:
• These will portray development and
attract further investments, jobs, and
highly skilled employees to these cities.
• The Government of Telangana will engage
with various private consulting and
research organizations, to benchmark itself
with the best in the world.
• The government will set up a dedicated
Smart Cities wing equipped with expertise
in this space.
• It will consist of resources from the
MA&UD Department and the ITEAC
Department that will focus on identifying
the ideal solutions, piloting projects, and
strategizing the deployment of the
projects.

• The digital transformation provides us with

opportunities to improve the safety and
security standards in smart cities.
• While the risks faced by citizens are both
online and physical, through the use of
technology, cyber security police will be
facilitated to counter them.
• There will also be a special focus on
developing technological systems to make
Telangana the safest state for women and
children.
Employment and Investment Attraction

• Data generated will not only allow

innovators to provide solutions but will
also help the smart cities to track and
enhance objective development metrics
like the Quality of Living Index, Mun icipal
Performance Index, and ISO indices.

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