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‫ستاذ الدكتور خلف حس' الدليمي‬4‫ا‬
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the
Pressriver >oods and >ash >oods Risks, and Methods
to reduce raised The >oods of more natural disasters
in the world, he rate reached about 30% >ood disaster,
Blog
Human and material losses very large in countries
that
Peopleare exposed to >oods, Cities have been exposed
to the risk of >ooding in Europe last year in 2013,
Cities
Papers exposed to >ooding caused by rainfall, as in
Saudi Arabia, such as the city of Jeddah, The
research
Terms includes the reasons for the >oods, both
because of rain or melting snow, And the risks…
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International Journal of Environment & Water

ISSN 2052-3408

!"‫ر‬$!%‫أ‬$ '( )*+‫ا‬$ ‫ب‬$.+!/‫و‬$‫أ‬$ ‫ل‬$2.3+‫و‬$‫ا‬$ ‫ر‬$!456‫ا‬$ ‫ت‬$!5!8.9 ‫ر‬$!:‫إ‬$‫خ‬$

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=>?@+‫ا‬$
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ReI1_ 0X$7 *30$ #Xe0W‫"م "ا‬0X1&‫ "ا‬0X=‫ "ف "و"ر"و"أ‬P0XN%O&‫ "ا‬I)0Xf \‫ "ا‬P'A ReI1_ 'Z‫<"و" ل‬%,&‫ "ا"و‬P0N%O&‫"ض "ا\ "ا‬I1^_ `&‫"ة "ج'"ا "ف "ا&'"ل"و "ا‬b?7 0cB* 8d0B&‫"ا‬
.‫ "ج'"ة‬8B''A gJA 8'‫<"د‬1,&‫ "ا‬8%=I1&‫ "ا‬8H)$W‫ "ف "ا‬0$7 ‫"ر‬0‫"ط‬A:‫ "ا‬K* 8d09 ‫<"ل‬%3 \‫ "ا‬P'A
2,‫ا"و" ة‬I" n0?W‫ "ا‬bXo‫"ة "و‬In0?W‫ "ا‬R907 ‫ <"ا‬3 P0XN%O&‫ "ا‬K* 8d0B&‫ "ا‬I)0XhW‫ "ا"و‬i<)J&‫ "ا‬P0X=‫"ر "و"ا "و"ذ‬0X‫"ط‬A:‫ "ا‬j?X,= ‫ <"ا‬3 ‫"ت‬090XN%O&‫"ن "ا‬0?X3‫ "ا‬lm?&‫ "ا‬K$N_ 'Z‫"و‬
KXA ‫<"ا‬3 P0N%O&‫"ر "ا‬0X-‫ "ا‬KA ' .‫ "ا‬0X/0/ KXA KXHp `X&‫ "ا‬8%X303q‫ت"ا" ا "ا‬I" ‫"ج‬:‫ "ا‬1&r 7‫ "و‬2'1=‫ "و‬P0XN%O&‫ "ا‬0XB-‫ ا"و‬gX?Z 0X,‫"ذ‬0s‫ "ا‬KXHp `X&‫ "ا‬8%&‫"و‬q‫"ت"ا" ا "ا‬I‫"ج‬:‫"ا‬
. <%,&‫"ت "ا"و‬090N%O&‫"ر "ا‬0-‫ "ا‬KA '.‫ "ا‬y)* '*0,' 0t P'$)& ‫"ت‬0‫"ط"ط‬f ‫'"د"ا "ا"و"ا*'"د"ا‬,&‫ "ا‬g$*‫ "و‬I$u)& v)0BA ‫"ر‬0%^/‫ "ا"و"ا‬RZ‫"ؤ‬W‫ "ا"و‬#$(‫ "أ&'"ا‬P‫"ز‬Y‫"ل "ا‬0/
g(03‫"و‬- ‫"ا" ا‬I‫"ج"إ‬- g70UA- <%3- 0N%z-8&‫"ت "ا&'"ا‬0$)H&‫"ا‬
Abstract
the river floods and flash floods Risks, and Methods to reduce raised
The floods of more natural disasters in the world, he rate reached about 30% flood disaster,
Human and material losses very large in countries that are exposed to floods, Cities have been
exposed to the risk of flooding in Europe last year in 2013, Cities exposed to flooding caused
by rainfall, as in Saudi Arabia, such as the city of Jeddah, The research includes the reasons for
the floods, both because of rain or melting snow, And the risks resulting from the flood,
whether direct or indirect, Initial actions that can be taken before, during and after the flood,
Basic procedures in which they can reduce the effects of flooding, Through permanent and
temporary, Selection of areas for immersion and work payment, Prepare plans for cities
including help to reduce the effects of floods.
:‫ة‬$()B@+‫ا‬$
P0X7 'Z‫"و" ة‬b}O&‫"ت "ا&'"ل"و "ا‬0'‫"د‬0|^Z‫ "ا‬g,07 g}J_ `&‫ "ا"و‬8'IU=‫ "و‬8'‫"د‬0A I(0,/ ‫ "ف‬j?,^_ `&‫ "ا"و‬C01&‫"ا"ر "ف "ا‬0U^9‫ "ا‬8%1%?‫<"ث"ر"ا "ا&"ط‬H&‫ "ا‬IJ7‫ "ا‬KA ‫"ت‬090N%O&‫' "ا‬1_
‫"ا‬r& P0?X,.0= KXH_ C ‫"ة‬bX?7 ‫"ت‬0X%$H= ‫"ر‬0X‫"ط‬A@‫}<• "ا‬X3 0cBA‫ "و‬8z &3A bXo 8%/0BA I,‫ "ف "ح'"ث"و ~ <"ا‬g*0O&‫ "ا&'"ر"و "ا‬C0X1&‫ "ا‬0,'cU' `X&‫ "ا‬8%/0BW‫"ت"ا "ا‬bXu^)&
‫"ت‬090XN%O&‫ "ا‬j?X,= ‫<"ث"ر"ا‬7 KXA ‫'"ث‬Ä 0XA 2o‫ "ر"و‬8 '‫ د"و"ا‬0Å I 4 ‫ "و"ا‬8‫"ط‬X,?BA v)0XBA ‫"ر "و"ا‬0XÇ‫ "ا‬É0OXe yX)* 81Z‫ "ا"و‬R907 ‫<"ا‬3 0,I)0f \‫"ى "ا‬IZ‫ "و‬P'A ‫"ض‬I1^_
8%z07 bXo ‫<"ث"ر"ا‬H&‫ "ا‬1 )_ 8c‫<"ج"ا‬A ‫"ة "ف‬rXh^W‫"ت"ا" ا "ا‬I‫"ج‬:‫ "ا‬P‫ "ا‬0$7 ‫'"ة"د"و "ج'"ا‬5 ‫"ل‬0Ö‫"ا "ا‬r, ‫ "ف‬8%z‫"ت "ا"و‬03‫ "ا*'"د"ا "ا"ر"د‬P‫ "ا@ "ا‬8%A0B&‫ "ا"و‬8A'}^W‫ "ف "ا&'"ل"و "ا‬0'<B3
0XcBA‫ "و‬0,‫"ر‬0-‫ "ا‬KA ' .‫"ت ا"و‬090XN%O&‫ "ا‬I)0Xht 8})1^W‫ "ا‬8%X303q‫ "ا‬j9‫<"ا‬Ü‫"ل"و "ا‬0XB_ á '}z lm?&‫ "ا‬8‫"ح‬0X,A àX= â$X,_ 0XA ‫ "و=}'"ر‬0cB* 8ä0B&‫ "ا‬I(0X,Y‫ "ا‬g%)}^&
. ,‫"ر‬0-‫ "ا‬KA 'm)& 8?30BW‫"ت"ا" ا "ا‬I‫"ج‬:‫ "ا"و‬P0N%O&‫' "ا‬1=‫ "و‬0B-‫ ا"و‬g?Z 8?30BW‫"ت"ا" ا "ا‬I‫"ج‬:‫"ة "ا"و‬In0?W‫ "ا‬bo‫"ة "و‬In0?W‫ "ا‬P0N%O&‫"ر "ا‬0-‫"ا"و" ت‬090N%O&‫"ن "ا‬0?3‫"ا‬
. ,‫"ر‬0-‫ "ا‬KA 'm)& 8?30BW‫"ت"ا" ا "ا‬I‫"ج‬:‫ "ا‬#, 0A‫"و" ت‬090N%O&‫ "ا‬j?,= 8'IU?&‫ "ا"و‬8'‫"د‬0W‫ "ا‬I(0,Y‫"ع "ا‬0O_‫"ن "ر"ا‬0?3‫ "أ‬#, 0A :C*D+‫ا‬$ ‫ة‬$?E‫ش‬$(
. ‫"ح‬0^W‫"ت "ا‬090HA@‫ "ا‬j,‫ "ح‬P0N%O&‫ "ا‬0‫"ط‬/‫"ض "ا\ "ا‬I1^' P0HA g7 j30B_ ‫ "ح)<"ل‬çe‫ "ا\ "و‬lm?&‫ "ا‬É'c':C*D+‫ا‬$ G)"
. ,‫"ر‬0-‫ "ا‬KA 'm)& 0,‫"ذ‬0s‫ "ا‬KHp `&‫ "ا‬8)%OH&‫ "ا‬g?,&‫ "ا"و‬P0N%O&‫ "ا‬I)0ht 'I1^&‫ "ف "ا‬lm?&‫ "ا‬8%‫ "ه"ا‬K$H_:C*D+‫ا‬$ ‫ة‬$.@"‫أ‬$
!456‫ا‬$ ‫ت‬$!5!8.9-‫و‬$‫ل‬$6‫ا‬$ C*D@+‫ا‬$
:#)' 0t 8)J$^W‫ "ا‬8O)^hW‫ "ا‬0/0Hnè= ‫"ت‬090N%O&‫ "إ\ "ا‬C01&‫ "ا‬KA 813‫ "ا"و‬v)0BA ‫"ض‬I1^_
0Ç ‫ "ا‬P0N%z-0
‫"ي‬Im?&‫ "ا‬#A09<,^&‫ "ا‬P0N%z-*
bS0*q‫ ا‬P0N%z-$

___________________________________________________________________________
Page18 Vol 3, Issue 2,2014

International Journal of Environment & Water

ISSN 2052-3408

‫"ر‬0‫"ط‬Aq‫<"ل "ا‬%3 P0N%z-4

‫'"و‬,&‫"ر "ا‬0%Ç‫"ت "ا‬090N%z-5
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I$o yX)* gX$1_ 8%&0* j%X30Bt P<H_ 'Z‫ "و‬cB&‫ "ي"د"ا"و "ا‬K$e ç}_ `X&‫"ى "ا"و‬IÖ0X= 8‫"ط‬%ñ‫ "ا‬#Xe‫"ا"ر‬q‫ "ا‬KA 81X3‫"ت "ا"و‬0‫"ح‬0X,A I$u^z v)0BW‫ "ا‬ï1= ‫ "ف‬8%?90Ü‫"ا‬
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IcB&‫"ت "ا‬0X%&01z R)1‫` "ج‬X&‫ "ا‬8%?90Ü‫'"د"ا "ا‬X,&‫'"د"و "ا"و‬,&‫ "ا"و‬2~‫<"ا‬B& g$*‫"ر "و‬0XÇq‫ "ا‬P‫"و"ؤ‬n ‫ "ف‬P0X,9:‫ "ا‬g/'_ P‫' "أ‬1= cB&‫"ة "ا‬0XB}& 8%=01%^X3@‫ "ا‬8Z0‫ "ا&"ط‬8)Z -i
KX* 20X%W‫ "ا‬j%30BA ‫"ة"د "ف‬0 '8 ‫ "ي"أ‬l%ë ‫"ر‬0XÇq‫<"ت"ا "ا‬B}& 8%=01%^X3@‫ "ا‬8Z0‫ "ا&"ط‬úO‫ "ا\ "ح‬1 &‫ "ى"د"أ "ذ‬20X%W‫ "ا‬0Xc%z ‫"ي‬Id `X&‫"ة "ا‬0XB}&0= gXJ$^' v%e ‫"ق‬0X‫"ط‬9 K$e
. I n0?A bX o ‫ة "و"أ‬I " n0?A‫ة" ر" و=| " <ة" ر‬0X" Ö‫" ا‬v)0X BW‫ ا‬yX" )* 2‫"ر‬0X -‫ "أ‬I c‫ _ظ‬#X" 1%?‫" <ن" "ا&ط‬ ,BW‫" ا‬
v)0XBW‫ "ا‬1 )_ ‫"ة‬0X33A ‫"ر‬IH^_ ‫"ا‬rX& ‫^"ظ‬XBA gHXU= 0X/ ‫"ض‬I1^_ `X&‫ "ا‬v)0XBW‫ "ف "ا‬bXS0*q‫ "ا‬K* 8d0B&‫"ت "ا‬090XN%O&‫ "ا‬8c‫<"ج"ا‬W 8?X30BW‫"ت"ا" ا "ا‬I‫"ج‬:‫"ذ "ا‬0Xs‫ * '"م "ا‬-<

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Page1# Vol 3, Issue 2,2014

International Journal of Environment & Water

ISSN 2052-3408

.)*$4-*$$ *332 #$%&'X &‫"ة ("ا‬I$^X ,A‫=| "<ة" ر‬

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.(D.J.PARKER,2000,p65) 8%1%?‫ "ا&"ط‬û(0|Y‫ "ف "ا‬bu_ ‫ "ح"إ"و'"ث"ا‬8õ%?&‫ "ا‬bA'_-‫"خ‬
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`X&‫"ت"ا "ا‬In‫"ؤ‬W‫ "ا‬ï1= Ic‫ _"ظ‬0A'B* 8 '<Ü‫"ح<"ل"ا "ا‬q‫ "ا‬8?Z‫"ا‬It 8%B)<&‫ "ا‬8 '<Ü‫"د "ا‬0XS‫"ر‬q‫"ت "ا‬0X‫"ط‬5 XcBA I'rm^&‫"ت "ا"و‬090XN%O&‫ "ا‬8?Z‫"ا‬IA X= ‫"ق‬IO&‫ "ا‬â%Xe<_ j†
KXA ‫'''"ة‬n ''*‫ "ر‬81=‫"و‬8 ‫ "ح '"و‬Z<_ 0JW‫ "ا‬g%?X3 yX)* )0Xf ‫ "ف "ح'"ث"و‬j?X,_ 8 '‫"د‬0%^*‫ "ا‬bXo 8 '<‫"ت"ا "ج‬bXu_ ‫'"ث"و‬ë ‫"ر‬r B_ ‫"ع‬0Xe‫"و‬q‫ "ا‬P‫ "أ‬yX)* ‫_ '"ل‬
$33 +=0XA g|' 0t‫ "ر‬1&‫ "ذ‬KA IJ7‫ "و"ا "أ‬0%A 053 \‫ "ا‬0*3 +=0A 0,‫^'"د"ا‬A‫ "ا‬g|' ‫"ح‬0,A y)* I-‫' _"ؤ‬Z‫ "و‬0*03 R3 P<No ‫'"ث "ف‬ö P‫ "ا‬Z<^W‫ا‬
1 &‫ "ذ‬yX)* j_>' P‫ "ا‬g$^ñ‫ "ا‬KA Zq‫ "ا‬y)* 8*03 $? \‫ "ا‬0* =IA g%A ?3 333 \‫ "ا‬$? 333 +=0A 8‫"ح‬0,W‫ "ا‬1)_ g|_ ‫ "ي"أ‬0%A 433 \‫"ا‬
@ X)?_ 0,‫` ='"ر"و‬X&‫ "ا&'"و& "ا"و‬KA ‫ "و"ا "ز"ج‬8&‫<"م "ا&'"و‬$* ‫ "ف‬8X%)ñ‫<' "ا‬Ü‫"د "ا‬0XS q‫"ت "ا‬0X‫"ط‬5 yX)* 2$1_ ‫"ت‬0X1Z<^&‫ "ا‬1 )_ P‫"ت "ا‬090XN%O&‫ "ا‬gJA I)0XhW‫ "ا‬ï1=
‫ "م"ا‬I)0Xf 1 &0B, R9 7 P‫ "ا‬bU^3 `&‫ "ا"و‬P< '‫"ز‬O)^&‫"د"ا' < "و"ا "ا‬I&‫ "ا‬gJA ‫<"ث"ر"ا‬H&‫ "ا‬K * @ %)?^&‫ "ف "ا‬8A'h^X,W‫"ة"ز "ا‬c‫"ج‬q‫ "ا‬° * ‫"ر‬0X?/q‫ "ا‬8X1=0^A yX)* P0HX,&‫"ا‬
.I ‫" ط‬h)& 8X eI1W‫ " ا‬K70X Aq‫ا"و‬
I$^X,_ 0A'B* 0 /:‫"ت "ا‬0X%)$1& j ,3^)& I‫"ط‬Y‫"ا "ا‬r, KA P0H,&‫ "ا‬I'rö 2^' ‫"ا‬r& ‫"ط‬Y0= ‫"ر‬rB_ j%30BA \‫ "ا‬gS‫ "و‬à9‫ "ا"و‬P0N%O&‫ "ح'"ث"و "ا‬ì1%z 'rm^&‫ "ا‬0A‫"ا‬

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Page1$ Vol 3, Issue 2,2014

International Journal of Environment & Water

ISSN 2052-3408

‫"ز‬%cd‫"ر"ا "ا&}|<"ى "و‬rX9:‫ "ا‬8X&0‫<"ا "ف "ح‬9<H' P‫ "ا‬P0HX,&‫ "ا‬yX)* ìX1' ‫"ا‬rX ,‫) "و‬S‫^<"ا‬A‫ "و‬81'I 3 ‫"ة"د‬0X '8 ‫ "ف‬0XÇ‫ "و"ا "ا‬81O_IW‫ "ا‬0¢0'<^X,A yX)* 8X‫"ظ‬z0ñ‫ "ف "ا‬j%X30BW‫"ا‬
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. X ,<9 àXX ‫ "ا&^<"ج‬j † `X &‫ " ا‬8 BAA‫ "ا‬çX Z‫<"ا‬W‫' "ا‬X ''ö‫ "و‬2/80X BA ‫>"ك‬X = 2,‫ر"ا‬r" X 9‫ ' "إ‬B* ‫"ل‬0X $*‫ "أ‬K A àXX = P< A<}' 0X A ‫"ت "ح <"ل‬0X $%)1_ 2X /
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à‫"ح‬0?X3 ‫'"م"ا "ا‬XZq‫ "ا‬yX)* 0%XUA 20X%W‫ "ا‬1 )_ ‫ *?<"ر‬1?&‫ "ا‬8&‫"و‬05 ‫ "ف‬I‫"ط‬Y‫ "ا‬K$H'‫ "و‬0B&‫ "ا‬2‫"ظ‬1A , <|^' A ‫<"ق‬z ‫"ع‬0z'9‫ "و }<"ة "ا‬0'IÜ‫' "ا‬I3 P<H_ 'Z 0Ç‫"ا‬
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. 090X N%O&‫ " ا‬K * ‫" ت‬0X A<)1W‫ " ا‬KX A 'X '‫"ز‬A yX )* ‫| "<ل‬m)& #X )ñ‫ ا‬C" ‫ "ة"ر"ا"د ""إ "ا&ط "<ر" ا‬j ^HA 8X ?Z‫ا‬IW‫ " "ا‬8X %)$*
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'1 ' ‫"ي‬r&‫ "ا"و‬IH?W‫ "ا‬É0XU^7@‫"ض "ا‬Iu& 8A'}^A ‫"ر"ا‬rX9‫"ة"ز "إ‬c‫ "ج"أ‬bz<_‫? "و‬X30B ‫"ت"ا" ا "ا‬I‫"ج‬:‫"ذ "ا‬0Xs‫"ت "ا"و‬090XN%O&‫"ع "ا‬0Xe‫ "و"أ‬2%X%}_‫ "و‬0X‫"ط‬Aq‫"ر "ا"و‬0XÇq‫ "ا‬K* ‫"ت"ا" ا‬I}&‫"ا‬
. 090X N%O)& 8X eI1W‫"ت " ا‬0X 1$^î$)& 0X '‫"ر‬0d ‫ة‬Iz<" ^A ‫"ت‬090X N%O)& #(0X })^&‫ " ا‬.X UH&‫ " ا‬2X ‫ظ‬9 " <‫ا"و"ر‬q‫" ذ "ا‬0X }9: 0X '<%‫ا "ح‬I " A‫" أ‬
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. 70X UA‫ و‬I" )0X f 1 &‫ "ذ‬yX )* j _>' 0X ü ‫ك‬0X" =‫ر‬:‫ " "ا‬b J'‫ذ "و‬0X" }9:‫" ا‬8X %)$* ' ,O' P‫ "ا‬K Hp
8UZ0BA ‫ ح"ا"و‬P0XHA ‫ "ف‬2cN1= çA R,%& ‫"ة‬I3q‫"د"ا "ا‬Iz‫ "أ‬P0X7 ‫ "ا"ذ"ا‬X)$1' 0XA ûhXn g7 ÉI1 ' P‫ "ا‬#Xu?B'‫ "و‬I3q‫ "أ‬çA ‫"ت‬090XN%O&‫ "ا‬81%?) 8UZ0BA -4

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