String (stringed) Instruments - provide the basic orchestral sounds. They produced tones by means of the vibration of a stretched string. 2 Types of String Instrument 1. Bowed Strings - These instruments produced tone by means of a bow of horsehair drawn across the strings. It includes violin, viola, violoncello, and double bass. Violin - The highest member of the string section of the orchestra. Preeminent in lyric melody, and capable of brilliance and dramatic effect. It has a wide range of tones which can be sustained indefinitely. It can be played very quietly or loudly; very slowly or extremely fast. PARTS OF THE VIOLIN SOUND eA POST [TUNERS (4) TUNNING PEGS ~ TAILPIECE SCROLL FINGERBOARD, TUNNING PEGS | STRINGS LE FHOLES| CHIN REST BELLY VIOLIN: GDAE VIOLIN: CGDA iei ‘ Viola - Viola is slightly larger than violin. strings are longer, thicker, and heavier; and is lower in range. It is used more for harmony than for melody. Violoncello - Properly known as cello, and is much longer than viola. Lower in range than viola and the strings are thicker and heavier than those of the viola. The bow is shorter and heavier, and the instrument has to be held between the knee of a seated performer. Notable for its rich and romantic tone. (If the violin has the highest pitch and correlates the Soprano voice, then the viola has a slightly lower range suitable for the alto voice.)Double Bass - Also known as Contrabass, the largest member of the string family. It rest upon the ‘ floor, and the performer stands to play it. It is the lowest in range of the string group. It is most often { used used as a support supplying the bass tones for the string choir or orchestra. Its deep distinct tones come into focus when they are duplicated an octave higher, usually by the cello. (The cello matches well with the tenor, while the double bass holds the lowest pitch witch is suitable for the bass voice.) 2. Plucked Strings - although instruments of the bowed string class can produce tone by plucking the strings (pizzicato), the plucked string instruments produce tone solely by this means. The player plucks the strings either with his fingers or with a plectrum held in his hand. The Guitar Family seems to be the most popular stringed instrument today. It varies considerably in shape, and in the number of is strings, but basically, it consists of a finger board with frets (narrow, metal cross strips), attached to a light wooden body with flat top and back. It is seldom used in orchestra but is nowadays a part of jazz bands. This instrument is associated mostly with dance band instrumentation and popularly used as an instrument to accompany the singing of folk songs as well as popular songs.Classical Guitar - also called Spanish guitar, is a member of the guitar family used in classical music and other styles. An acoustic wooden string instrument with strings made of gut or nylon Electric Guitar - a guitar that requires external amplification in order to be heard at typical performance volumes, unlike a standard acoustic guitar. It uses one or more pickups to convert the vibration of its strings into electrical signals, which ultimately are reproduced as sound by loudspeakers.