Chapter 8

Switching

8-1 INTRODUCTION

Switching: to connect multiple devices

to make one-to-one comm.

Switched network
2
 3

Figure 8.2: Taxonomy of switched networks

Voice

ATM TCP/IP
Asynchronous Transfer Mode

4
 8.8.2 Switching and TCP/IP Layers
a general name
Switching can happen hub, repeater, tap
at the physical layer, switch (layer 2)
at the data-link layer, and

at the network layer.

router (layer 3)

8-3 PACKET SWITCHING

In a packet-switched network, the message needs

to be divided into packets. The size of the packet
is determined by the protocol.

6
7

8
 8.3.1 Datagram Networks

In a datagram network, each packet is treated

independently of all others.

Packets in this approach are referred to as datagrams.

Data gram switching is normally done at the network

layer.

In packet switching, there is no resource allocation for

a packet.

不預先訂票
This means that there is no reserved bandwidth
on the links, and there is no scheduled processing
time.

The allocation is done on a first-come, first-served

basis.

排隊

10
 11

Figure 8.7: A Datagram network with four switches (routers)

3 1
4 3 2 1
4
1

2 3
1
4
2 2 3 4 1

maybe out-of-order

8.21

12
 Figure 8.8: Routing table in a datagram network

A switch in a datagram uses a routing table

that is based on the destination address.

The destination address in the header of a

packet remains the same during whole
communication.

13

Which packet is to be resent?

Which packet is a duplicate?
Which packet has arrived out of order?

packets are needed to be numbered

add “sequence number” in packet

1 2

14
➡︎
➡︎
15

16