PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES TOWARD

HEALTH AND FITNESS 4

Module 1
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Chapter 1 VOLLEYBALL

Introduction

With the current COVID-19 pandemic that we are experiencing right now, it
remains important for us to adhere to healthy movement guidelines, to maintain a
healthy immune system, and build a strong defense. Engaging in a healthy lifestyle
and physical activities like sports are important to help combat feelings of depression
and anxiety.
Sport includes all forms of competitive physical activity or games which,
through casual or organized participation, maintain or improve physical ability and
skills while providing enjoyment to participants, and in some cases, entertainment for
spectators and it can bring positive results to one's physical health.
In this module, you will learn about the sports specifically volleyball, its rules
and regulation and different skills used to familiarize on how to play the game.

Learning Outcome
At the end of the module, you will be able to:
 Discuss the history and origin of volleyball;
 Identify the different terminologies used in the game;
 Show knowledge of the different facilities and equipment, rules of the
game and safety principles; and
 Explain the mechanics of the game.

Learning Content

Volleyball was invented in 1895 by William G.

Morgan, physical director of the Young Men’s Christian
Association (YMCA) in Holyoke, Massachusetts. It was
designed as an indoor sport for businessmen who found
the new game of basketball too vigorous. Morgan called
the sport “mintonette” until a professor from Springfield
College Dr. Alfred Halstead in Massachusetts noted the
volleying nature of play and proposed the name of
“volleyball”.
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Volleyball is played by two teams, each composed of six players who use
their hands and feet. The object of the game is to volley the ball back and forth over
the net which is higher than their heads, with certain limitations, before it touches the
ground in such a way that the opponent cannot return it.

Volleyball is a game that challenges the participant’s skill by the use of the
hands and agility in jumping, reaching and hitting. The hitting motions that require
the use of proper body control and muscular coordination are very much demanded.
The game is started by a service and server will be determined by a toss coin and
the winning team may choose to serve on a side of the court. The rules require not
more than three passes among the teammates before returning the ball to the
opponent side. Failure to return the ball within the specific number of passes results
in loss of serve and gain a point. Rally point system is being used in scoring the
game and every fault is equivalent to a point.

Volleyball Terminologies

ACE A serve that is not passable and results immediately in a point.

ANTENNA The vertical rods (normally white and red) mounted near the edges of the
net. The antennas are mounted directly above the sidelines and are not-in-play.
Antennas are not usually used on outdoor nets.

APPROACH Fast stride toward the net by a spiker before he jumps in the air.

ASSIST Passing or setting the ball to a teammate who attacks the ball for a kill. This
stat is normally only
logged for high school, college, and National/Olympic team play.

ATTACK The offensive action of hitting the ball. The attempt by one team to
terminate the play by hitting the ball to the floor on the opponent’s side.

ATTACK BLOCK Receiving players’ aggressive attempt to block a spiked ball

before it crosses the net.

ATTACK ERROR An unsuccessful attack which does one of the following: 1)

the ball lands out of bounds, 2) the ball goes into the net and terminates play or goes
into the net on the third hit, 3) the ball is blocked by the opposition for a point or
sideout, 4) the attacker is called for a center line violation, or 5) the attacker is called
for illegal contact (lift, double hit…) on the attack.

ATTACKER Also “hitter” or “spiker.” A player who attempts to hit a ball offensively
with the purpose of terminating play in his or her team’s favor.

ATTACK LINE A line 3m from the net that separates the front row players from the
back row players. Commonly referred to as the “10-foot line.”

BACKCOURT The area from the endline to the attack line.

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BACK SET A set delivered behind the setter’s back,which is subsequently hit by
an attacker.

BACK ROW ATTACK When a back row player attacks the ball by jumping from
behind the 3m line before hitting the ball. If the back row player steps on or past the
3m line during take-off, the attack is illegal.

BEACH DIG An open hand receive of the ball, also called a “Deep Dish”

BLOCK A defensive play by one or more players meant to deflect a spiked ball back
to the hitter’s court. It may be a combination of one, two or three players jumping in
front of the opposing spiker and contacting the spiked ball with the hands.

BUMP a common term for forearm passing.

BALL HANDLING ERROR Any time the official calls a double hit, a thrown ball or a
lift (except on a serve reception or attack). For our purposes, this category also
includes any blocking errors (when an official calls a blocker for a violation such as
going into the net, centerline violation, reaching over the net, etc.).

BUMP PASS The use of joined forearms to pass or set a ball in an underhand
manner.
CENTER LINE The boundary that runs directly under the net and divides the court
into two equal halves.

DECOY An offensive play meant to disguise the spiker who will receive the set.

DEEP SET Set to be hit away from the net to confuse or disrupt the timing of the
blockers.

DIG Passing a spiked or rapidly hit ball. Slang for the art of passing an attacked ball
close to the floor.

DOUBLE BLOCK Two players working in unison to deflect an attacked ball at the
net back to the hitter’s side.

DOUBLE HIT Successive hits or contacts by the same player. (Illegal)

FLOATER A serve which does not spin or rotate and therefore moves in an erratic
path. This is similar to a “knuckle ball” pitch in baseball.

FOREARM PASS Join your arms from the elbows to the wrists and strike the ball
with the fleshy part of your forearms in an underhand motion.

FOUL A violation of the rules.

FREE BALL A ball that will be returned by a pass rather than a spike. This is usually
called aloud by the defense instructing players to move into serve receive positions.
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HIT To jump and strike the ball with an overhand, forceful shot.

HITTER Also “spiker” or “attacker”

JUMP SERVE A serve that is started by the server tossing the ball into the air and
jumping into and hitting the ball in its downward motion.

JOUST When 2 opposing players are simultaneously attempting to play a ball above
the net.

KILL An attack that results in an immediate point

or side out.

LET SERVE A serve that contacts the net. If the ball dribbles over, it’s playable just
like any other ball that contacts the net on the way over. If the ball fails to clear the
net, it will become dead when it either hits the serving team’s court, or is contacted
by a player on the serving team.

MIDDLE-BACK A defensive system that uses the middle back player to cover deep
spikes.

MINTONETTE The original name of the game of volleyball, created by William

Morgan.

OVERHAND PASS A pass executed with both hands open, controlled by the fingers
and thumbs, played just above the forehead.

OVERHAND SERVE Serving the ball and striking it with the hand above the
shoulder.

PENETRATION The act of reaching across and breaking the plane of the net during
blocking.

POINT OF SERVICE A serve that results in a point (an ace by NCAA standards) as
the serve is not returnable due to a bad pass by the receiver, this number includes
aces.

POWER ALLEY A cross-court hit traveling away from the spiker to the farthest point
of the court.

READY POSITION The flexed, yet comfortable, posture a player assumes before
moving to contact the ball.

RED CARD a severe penalty in which an official displays a red card. The result of
a red card may be a player is disqualified, the team loses the serve, or the team
loses a point. A red card may be given with or without a prior yellow card as a
warning; it is up to the official’s discretion.

ROLL a certain way to pass a ball in which the digger, or passer lays out an arm,
passes the ball, and rolls over the shoulder (over the shoulder roll) or back
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(barrel roll) after passing the ball. This is a quick way to return to action after the
play.

ROTATION – The clockwise movement of players around the court and through the
serving position following a side out.

SERVE – One of the six basic skills; used to put the ball into play. It is the only skill
controlled exclusively by one player.

SERVER – The player who puts the ball into play.

SERVICE ERROR – An unsuccessful serve in which one or more of the following

occurs: 1) the ball hits the net or fails to clear the net, 2) the ball lands out of bounds,
or 3) the server commits a foot fault.

SERVICE WINNER – A point the serving team scores when this player has served
the ball. The point can be an immediate (in the case of an ace) or delayed (a kill or
opponent attack error after a long rally). Therefore, the sum of the team’s service
winners equals their score.

SET – The tactical skill in which a ball is directed to a point where a player
can spike it into the opponent’s court.

SETTER – the player who has the 2nd of 3 contacts of the ball who “sets” the ball
with an “Overhand Pass” for a teammate to hit. The setter normally runs the offense.
SIDE OUT – Occurs when the receiving team successfully puts the ball away against
the serving team, or when the serving team commits an unforced error, and the
receiving team thus gains the right to serve.

SPIKE – Also hit or attack. A ball contacted with force by a player on the offensive
team who intends to terminate the ball on the opponent’s floor or off the opponent’s
blocker.

UNDERHAND SERVE – a serve in which the ball is given a slight under-hand toss
from about waist high and then struck with the opposite closed fist in an “underhand
pitching” motion.

YELLOW CARD – a warning from an official indicated by the display of a yellow

card. Any player or coach who receives two yellow cards in a match is disqualified. A
single yellow card does not result in loss of point or serve.

FACILITIES and EQUIPMENT

COURT

This volleyball court diagram shows the official indoor volleyball court
specifications. The official indoor court dimension is 9 meters by 18 meters with an
attack line 3 meters from the center line on each side of the court.
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NET
Placed vertically over the centre line there is a net whose top is set at the
height of 2.43 m for men and 2.24 m for women. The net is 1 m wide and 9.50 to 10
m long (with 25 to 50 cm on each side of the side bands), made of 10 cm square
black mesh.
BALL
The ball shall be spherical, made of a flexible leather or
synthetic leather case with a bladder inside, made of rubber or a
similar material. Its colour may be a uniform light colour or a
combination of colours. Its circumference is 65-67 cm and its weight
is 260-280 g. Its inside pressure shall be 0.30 to 0.325 kg/cm 2 (4.26
to 4.61 psi) (294.3 to 318.82 mbar or hPa).
BASIC RULES
Here are the fundamental, must-know Rules of a Volleyball game:

 Only 6 players on the floor at any given time: 3 in the front

row and 3 in the back row.
 There is a maximum of 3 hits per side.
 Points are made on every serve for the winning team of
rally (rally-point scoring).
 Players may not hit the ball twice in succession (a block is
not considered a hit).
 Ball may be played off the net during a volley and on a
serve.
 A ball hitting a boundary line is in.
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 A ball is out if it hits an antennae, the floor completely outside the court, any of
the net or cables outside the antennae, the referee stand or pole, or the ceiling
above a non-playable area.
 It is legal to contact the ball with any part of a player’s body.
 It is illegal to catch, hold or throw the ball.
 A player cannot block or attack a serve from on or inside the 10-foot line.
 After the serve, front-line players may switch positions at the net.
 Matches are made up of sets; the number depends on level of play.
 3-set matches are two sets to 25 points and a third set to 15. Each set must be
won by two points. The winner is the first team to win two sets.
 5-set matches are four sets to 25 points and a fifth set to 15. The team must
win by 2 points unless tournament rules dictate otherwise. The first team to win
three sets is the winner.

Basic Volleyball Rule Violations

Committing any of these volleyball rule violations results in a point for the opponent.

 Stepping on or across the service line when serving while making contact with
the ball.
 Failure to serve the ball over the net successfully.
 Ball-handling errors and contacting the ball illegally (double touching, lifting,
carrying, throwing, etc.)
 Touching the net with any part of the body while the ball is in play.
 Blocking a ball coming from the opponent’s court and contacting the ball when
reaching over the net if your opponent has not used 3 contacts and has a
player there to make a play on the ball.
 Attacking a ball coming from the opponent’s court and contacting the ball when
reaching over the net when the ball has not yet broken the vertical plane of the
net.
 Crossing the court centerline with any part of your body, with the exception of a
hand or foot. It is only considered a violation if the entire hand or entire foot
crosses the court centerline.
 Serving out of rotation or out of order.
 Back row player blocking (deflecting a ball coming from the opponent) when, at
the moment of contact, the back row player is near the net and has part of their
body above the top of the net. This is an illegal block.
 Back row player attacking a ball inside the front zone (the area inside the
3M/10-foot line) when, at the moment of contact, the ball is completely above
the net. This is an illegal attack.

SAFETY PRINCIPLES

Safe Volleyball Tips

To prevent injuries during game, players should wear:
 Knee pads to protect the knees when sliding or falling.
 Padded shorts to protect the hips when diving for a ball.
 Other pads and braces such as elbow or forearm pads, ankle or wrist braces,
or thumb splints.
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 Volleyball shoes for good traction on gym floors and extra padding for
comfort.
 Mouthguards to protect the teeth, lips, cheeks, and tongue.
 Prescription goggles for players who wear glasses and shatterproof
sunglasses when playing outside.
 Athletic supporters for guys and sports bras for girls for support and comfort.

Safe Volleyball Training

To prevent injuries during training, players should:
 Get a sports physical before starting any training program.
 Be in good shape before playing volleyball.
 Always warm up and stretch before practice and matches.
 Use proper technique. If there are concerns about technique, a trained
instructor can help.
 Stop training if they get injured or feel pain. They need to get checked by an
athletic trainer, coach, doctor, or nurse before going back on the court.
 Play different sports throughout the year to prevent overuse injuries.

Teaching and Learning Activities

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ACTIVITY 1
Name: ____________________________ Score: __________________
Course/Section: ____________________ Date Submitted: __________

Instructions: Write the correct answer on the space provided before the number.
1. ___________________ How many players are there on a volleyball team?
2. ___________________ Is it legal for a player to touch the net?
3. ___________________ How many points make up a volleyball game?
4. ___________________ In order to win a game, a team must be ahead by how
many points?
5. ___________________ What direction do you rotate on the volleyball court?
6. ___________________ In a game, when do you rotate?
7. ___________________ When calling the score, whose score do you call first?
8. ___________________ Can the receiving team score points?
9. ___________________ How many hits is a team allowed before the ball must
travel back over the net?
10. __________________ If the ball lands on the sideline, is the ball in bounds or
out?
11. __________________ Is it legal for the same player to contact the ball twice in
a row?
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12. __________________ In a game is it legal to step on the centerline?

13. __________________ When serving, can the server step on the back line?
14. __________________ Is it legal to help a serve over the net?
15. There are three hits used most successfully while playing volleyball.
Name them in the order they should be used.
1.___________________ 2._____________________ 3. _____________________
16. Name 3 positions on the volleyball court.
1.___________________ 2._____________________ 3. _____________________

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ACTIVITY 2
Name: ___________________________ Score: __________________
Course/Section: ____________________ Date Submitted: __________

Instructions: Write in the box the right answer on the following questions:
A. Who invented volleyball?
B. What was the reason for the games
invention?
C. When was it invented?
D. Where was it invented?
E. How was it invented?
F. If you were to design a warm up for
volleyball, which exercises would you
put into your routine and why?
G. What is the libero and why was it
created?
H. Why is important to “play your
position” when on the court?
I.What is rally scoring and why would
we use it in class?

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ACTIVITY 3
Name: ___________________________ Score: __________________
Course/Section: ____________________ Date Submitted: __________

Instructions: Write TRUE if the underlined word/statement is correct and if the

underlined word is FALSE write the correct word to make the statement correct.
_______1. In high school, a game is to 25 points and you must win two out of three
games to win a match.
_______2. The winning team must win by two points.
_______3. Each team is allowed six players on the court.
_______4. The ball is put into play by serve. You (do, do not) have to be serving in
order to score points. This kind of scoring is called rally scoring.
_______5. A side-out results in being awarded the serve. You must rotate clockwise
every time you are awarded the serve.
_______6. Although the server may serve anywhere behind the end line of the court,
they must be in the right back position.
_______7. If the ball hits the top of the net on the serve, it is considered good and
play
continues.
_______8. If a point is scored as a direct result of a serve that could not be kept in
play, it is called an ace.
_______9. A forearm (underhand) pass is commonly used to receive a serve. An
overhand pass or set is used to “set up” an attacker.
_______10. It is a violation for any player to touch the net during play.
_______11. It is a violation for any player to be out of serving rotation when the ball
is
served.
_______12. It is a violation for any player to block or attack a serve.
_______13. Back row players are not allowed to contact the ball above the net in
front
of the ten-foot line.
_______14. An official may call for a re-serve if they did not see the play, there was
interference or a double foul was called.
_______15. A kill is recorded when the ball is attacked by a player and the opponent
is unable to keep the ball in play.
_______16. A team is only allowed three contacts before the ball is sent over the
net.
_______17. When performing an underhand pass, the ball must contact the arms
between but not including the wrist and the elbow.
_______18. When performing the overhead (set) pass, the ball is contacted by using
the pads of the fingers. It is illegal to contact the ball with the palm of the
hand.
_______19. Good form would indicate:
• Not interlock the fingers when passing
• Not swinging the arms on the underhand pass
• Not breaking the wrists on the follow-through of the set pass
• Receiving the ball with flexed hips, knees and ankles in order to have
 Physical Activities towards Health and Fitness 4 12

a way to extend
• Not contacting the ball with a fist

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ACTIVITY 4
Name: ___________________________ Score: __________________
Course/Section: ____________________ Date Submitted: __________

Instructions: Write the correct answer.

1. What country did volleyball originate in?
2. Who developed volleyball?
3. What year was volleyball developed?
4. Originally it was a mixture of what 3 sports?
(1)
(2)
(3)
5. The net was set at ____________ feet high.
6. Game lasted nine _____________________.
7. The server has ______________ outs (or mistakes). By 1925, the rules gradually
changed to the game we know today.
8. ____________ players per team.
9. Play begins with a ________________.
10. Where do you serve from?
11. Can the ball touch the net on the serve in rally scoring?
12. Ball must be returned in ____________ hits or less
13. Can the ball ever touch the floor?
14. Can back-row players attack, spike, or block at the net?
15. Can a player hit the ball twice in a row? What is the exception?
16. Can players hold. Lift, or carry the ball?
17. The serve must be received with a ________________, if it is returned (over the
net) on that hit. 18. A player may not cross over the ________________.
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19. ___________________ kick a volleyball!!!!!!!!!!!! SCORING: A point is scored

when:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Describe Rally Scoring:
________________________________________________.
Describe Traditional Scoring: ___________________________________________.
TERMS: Match the following terms
A. Fault (Foul) B. Held Ball C. Double-Hit D. Carry E. Ace F. Approach G. Spike
H. Attacker I. Kill J. Match K. Rally/Volley L. Side-Out M. Serve N. Back-Set
O. Block P. Bump (Forearm Pass) Q. Dig R. Dink S. Set Overhead Pass
_______ 20. any violation of the rules of the game
_______ 21. a hard-driven shot at the net made by an attacker/hitter
_______ 22. when a team loses possession of the ball
_______ 23. a front-row player, also known as a hitter
_______ 24. a spiked ball that is not returned
_______ 25. a skill that begins game play
_______ 26. an offensive drop shot
_______ 27. a serve that is not returned (no opposing player touches it)
_______ 28. a skill that sets up the ball for the attacker/hitter
_______ 29. best of three, or best of five games
_______ 30. a set that is set to the attacker/hitter behind the setter
_______ 31. when the ball is passed back and forth between the two teams any
number of times with no faults or points scored.
_______ 32. skill most often used to receive a serve
_______ 33. a series of 4 quick steps that a hitter takes before spiking the ball
_______ 34. an individual defensive strategy; one-armed desperation play to save a
hard driven shot
_______ 35. may be called when a player does not contact the ball cleanly
_______ 36. an attempt by one or more defensive players to obstruct a spike at the
net made by the opposing team.
 Physical Activities towards Health and Fitness 4 14

_______ 37. when a player hits the ball twice in a row (with no other player touching
it in between.
_______ 38. when a player receives the ball and holds it for a short period of time
before sending it aloft over the net or to another player.

Recommended Learning Materials and Resources for Supplementary Reading

For further discussion on the following visit the links below

 https://www.fivb.com/en/volleyball
 https://www.britannica.com/sports/volleyball
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volleyball

Flexible Teaching-Learning Modality (FTLM) adopted

Online (synchronous)
FB Messenger, Google classroom, Google meet
Remote (asynchronous)
module
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Assessment Task

Name: ___________________________ Score: __________________

Course/Section: ____________________ Date Submitted: __________

Instructions: Write what is being asked.

1. How many players are considered on an official volleyball team.
2. The first team to score points and lead by is the winner of the
game.
3. Each team may touch the ball times on their side before sending it over
the net.
4. The player in the position is the server.
 Physical Activities towards Health and Fitness 4 15

5. Both the serving team and opposing team can score in

volleyball.
6. In volleyball, all line balls are considered .
7. When you win the ball from the serving team a side out is called and your team

8. Serves can touch the net and are considered if they make it over
and into the opposing court.

9. The six legal hits in volleyball are: , , ,

and , . No holds, throws, and slaps are allowed.

10. The ball can be played even if it hits the at any time.

11. You may not touch the ball times in a row.

12. You cannot touch the during a point (play).

13. What is considered a perfect play in volleyball?

14. List the key words for the following:
PASS SERVE

SET SPIKE

___________

15. On the bottom of this sheet diagram a six-person volleyball team and show how
they rotate.
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References
Official Volleyball Rules 2017-2020 Published by FIVB in 2016 – www.fivb.com
Tatarsky2014, Infographic Guide to Sports
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopedia. "Volleyball". Encyclopedia Britannica, 12
Nov. 2020
Werner W. K. Hoeger & Sharon A. Hoeger.2012. Principles and Labs for FITNESS &
WELLNESS. Eleventh Edition. Wadsworth Cencage Learning. Belmont,CA.
Claravall, Drolly.2018. Physical Education 1 Mindshapers Co., Inc.