Final Exam KTVM

FINAL EXAM – TEST CODE 079
1. The quantity demanded of a good is the amount that buyers are (Số lượng
yêu cầu của hàng hóa là số lượng người mua)
1. willing to purchase. (sẵn sàng mua hàng)
2. willing and able to purchase. (sẵn sàng và có thể mua hang)
3. willing, able, and need to purchase. (sẵn sàng, có thể, và cần mua.)
4. able to purchase. (có khả năng mua hàng.)
2. An increase in quantity demanded (Số lượng nhu cầu tăng)
a. results in a movement downward and to the right along a demand curve.
(dẫn đến sự dịch
chuyển xuống dưới và sang phải dọc theo đường cầu.)
b. results in a movement upward and to the left along a demand curve. (dẫn đến sự
dịch
chuyển lên trên và sang trái dọc theo đường cầu.)
c. shifts the demand curve to the left. (dịch chuyển đường cầu sang trái.) d. shifts
the demand curve to the right. (dịch chuyển đường cầu sang phải.)
3. Which of these statements best represents the law of demand? (Phát biểu
nào sau đây thể hiện đúng nhất quy luật của nhu cầu?)
a. When buyers’ tastes for a good increase, they purchase more of the good. (Khi
thị hiếu của người mua cho 1 sản phẩm tăng, họ sẽ mua nhiều hàng hóa hơn.)
b. When income levels increase, buyers purchase more of most goods. (Khi mức
thu nhập tăng, người mua mua nhiều hàng hóa hơn.)
c. When the price of a good decreases, buyers purchase more of the good. (Khi
giá hàng hóa giảm, người mua mua nhiều hàng hóa hơn.)
d. When buyers’ demands for a good increase, the price of the good increases. (Khi
người mua yêu cầu tăng giá tốt, giá của hàng hóa sẽ tăng.)
4. The law of demand states that, other things equal, an increase in (Quy luật
của nhu cầu quy định rằng, những thứ khác như nhau, tăng)
a. price causes quantity demanded to increase. (giá cả khiến lượng cầu tăng.)
b. price bcauses quantity demanded to decrease. (giá cả khiến lượng cầu
giảm.)
c. quantity demanded causes price to increase. (lượng cầu khiến giá tăng.)
d. quantity demanded causes price to decrease. (lượng cầu khiến giá giảm.)
5.A downward-sloping demand curve illustrates (Một đường cầu dốc xuống
minh họa)
1. that demand decreases over time. (nhu cầu đó giảm dần theo thời gian.)
2. that prices fall over time. (giá giảm theo thời gian.)
3. the relationship between income and quantity demanded. (mối quan hệ giữa
thu nhập và số lượng yêu cầu.)
4. the law of demand. (quy luật của nhu cầu.)
6. An decrease in the price of oranges would lead to a(n) (Việc giảm giá cam sẽ
dẫn đến một)
1
1. increased supply of oranges. (tăng cung cam.)
2. increase in the prices of inputs used in orange production. (tăng giá đầu vào
được sử dụng trong sản xuất cam.)
3. a movement down and to the left along the supply curve for oranges. (một
chuyển động xuống và sang trái dọc theo đường cung cho cam.)
4. a movement up and to the right along the supply curve for oranges. (một
chuyển động lên và sang phải dọc theo đường cung cho cam.)
7. An increase in quantity supplied (Tăng số lượng cung cấp)
1. results in a movement downward and to the left along a fixed supply curve.
(dẫn đến sự dịch chuyển xuống dưới và sang trái dọc theo đường cung cố
định.)
2. results in a movement upward and to the right along a fixed supply
curve. (dẫn đến sự dịch chuyển lên và sang phải dọc theo đường cung cố
định.)
3. shifts the supply curve to the left. (dịch chuyển đường cung sang trái.)
4. shifts the supply curve to the right. (dịch chuyển đường cung sang phải.)
The below graph is for the question 8
8. The movement from Point A to Point B represents a(n) (Chuyển động từ
điểm A đến điểm B đại diện cho)
a. shift in the supply curve. (sự dịch chuyển trong đường cung.)
b. decrease in the quantity supplied. (giảm số lượng cung cấp.)
c. increase in the quantity supplied. (tăng số lượng cung cấp.)
d. Both a and b are correct. (Cả a và b đều đúng.)
9. When the price of a good is higher than the equilibrium price,( Khi giá của
hàng hóa cao hơn giá cân bằng,)
1. a shortage will exist. (một sự thiếu hụt sẽ tồn tại)
2. buyers desire to purchase more than is produced. (người mua mong muốn
mua nhiều hơn số lượng sản phẩm được sản xuất.)
3. sellers desire to produce and sell more than buyers wish to purchase. (người
bán mong muốn sản xuất và bán nhiều hơn người mua muốn mua.)
4. quantity demanded exceeds quantity supplied. (số lượng nhu cầu vượt quá
số lượng cung cấp.)
10. A surplus exists in a market if (Thặng dư tồn tại trong một thị trường nếu)
a. there is an excess demand for the good. (có một nhu cầu dư thừa cho hàng hóa)
2
b. quantity demanded exceeds quantity supplied. (số lượng nhu cầu vượt quá số
lượng cung cấp.)
c. the current price is above its equilibrium price. (giá hiện tại cao hơn giá cân
bằng của nó.)
d. All of the above are correct. (Tất cả đều đúng)
11.When studying how some event or policy affects a market, elasticity
provides information on the (Khi nghiên cứu một số sự kiện hoặc chính sách
ảnh hưởng đến thị trường như thế nào, độ co giãn cung cấp thông tin về)
1. equity effects on the market by identifying the winners and losers. (hiệu ứng
vốn chủ sở hữu trên thị trường bằng cách xác định người thắng và người
thua.)
2. magnitude of the effect on the market. (cường độ của hiệu ứng trên thị
trường.)
3. speed of adjustment of the market in response to the event or policy. (tốc độ
điều chỉnh của thị trường để đáp ứng với sự kiện hoặc chính sách.)
4. number of market participants who are directly affected by the event or
policy. (số lượng người tham gia thị trường bị ảnh hưởng trực tiếp bởi sự
kiện hoặc chính sách.)
12. When consumers face rising gasoline prices, they typically (Khi người tiêu
dùng đối mặt với giá xăng tăng, họ thường)
1. reduce their quantity demanded more in the long run than in the short run.
(giảm số lượng yêu cầu của họ nhiều hơn trong dài hạn so với trong ngắn
hạn.)
2. reduce their quantity demanded more in the short run than in the long
run. (giảm số lượng yêu cầu của họ nhiều hơn trong ngắn hạn so với
trong dài hạn.)
3. do not reduce their quantity demanded in the short run or the long run.
(không giảm số lượng yêu cầu của họ trong ngắn hạn hoặc dài hạn.)
4. increase their quantity demanded in the short run but reduce their quantity
demanded in the long run. (tăng lượng cầu của họ trong ngắn hạn nhưng
giảm lượng cầu của họ về lâu dài.)
13. If demand is price inelastic, then (Nếu cầu không co giãn, thì)
1. buyers do not respond much to a change in price. (người mua không phản
ứng nhiều với sự thay đổi giá cả.)
2. buyers respond substantially to a change in price, but the response is very
slow. (Người mua phản ứng đáng kể với sự thay đổi về giá, nhưng phản hồi
rất chậm.)
3. buyers do not alter their quantities demanded much in response to
advertising, fads, or general changes in tastes. (người mua không thay
đổi số lượng yêu cầu của họ nhiều để đáp ứng với quảng cáo, mốt nhất
thời hoặc thay đổi chung về thị hiếu.)
4. the demand curve is very flat. (đường cầu rất phẳng.)
14. The smaller the price elasticity of demand, the (Độ co giãn của cầu theo giá
càng nhỏ)
1. more likely the product is a luxury. (nhiều khả năng sản phẩm là xa xỉ.)
2. smaller the responsiveness of quantity demanded to a change in price.
(nhỏ hơn khả năng đáp ứng của số lượng yêu cầu thay đổi giá.)
3. more substitutes the product has. (có nhiều sản phẩm thay thế.)
4. greater the responsiveness of quantity demanded to a change in price. (sự
phản hồi lớn hơn về số lượng nhu cầu khi có sự thay đổi giá cả.)
15. If the price of walnuts rises, many people would switch from consuming
walnuts to consuming pecans. But if the price of salt rises, people would have
difficulty purchasing something to use in its place. These examples
illustrate the importance of (Nếu giá quả óc chó tăng, nhiều người sẽ chuyển
từ tiêu thụ quả óc chó sang tiêu thụ quả hồ đào. Nhưng nếu giá muối tăng,
mọi người sẽ gặp khó khăn khi mua sả phẩm để thay thế muối. Những ví dụ
này minh họa tầm quan trọng của)
1. the availability of close substitutes in determining the price elasticity of
demand. (sự sẵn có của các sản phẩm thay thế gần gũi trong việc xác
định độ co giãn của cầu theo giá.)
2. a necessity versus a luxury in determining the price elasticity of demand.
(sản phẩm cần thiết so với sản phẩm xa xỉ trong việc xác định độ co giãn của
cầu theo giá.)
3. the definition of a market in determining the price elasticity of demand.
(định nghĩa của một thị trường trong việc xác định độ co giãn của cầu theo
giá.)
4. the time horizon in determining the price elasticity of demand. (mốc thời
gian trong việc xác định độ co giãn của cầu theo giá.)
16. If the price elasticity of supply is 1.2, and price increased by 5%, quantity
supplied would (Nếu độ co giãn của cung là 1,2 và giá tăng 5%, lượng cung sẽ)
a. increase by 4.2%. (tăng 4.2%)
b. increase by 6%. (tăng 6%)
c. decrease by 4.2%. (giảm 4.2%)
d. decrease by 6%. (giảm 6%)
17. In which of the following situations would supply be the most elastic?
(Trong những tình huống sau đây, đường cung sẽ co giãn nhất?
1. An auto parts manufacturer is operating at capacity. (Một nhà sản xuất phụ
tùng ô tô đang hoạt động với công suất.)
2. A real estate developer in Boston is looking to build condos on the
waterfront. (Một nhà phát triển bất động sản ở Boston đang tìm cách xây
dựng các căn hộ trên bờ sông.)
3. A furniture manufacturer is operating its factory 8 hours per day. (Một
nhà sản xuất đồ nội thất đang vận hành nhà máy của mình 8 giờ mỗi
ngày.)
4. A hotel has all of its rooms booked for each night of the next 3 months. (Một
khách sạn có tất cả các phòng được đặt cho mỗi đêm trong 3 tháng tới.)
18. An increase in the price of cheese crackers from $2.25 to $2.45 per box
causes suppliers of cheese crackers to increase their quantity supplied from
125 boxes per minute to 145 boxes per minute. Using the midpoint method,
supply is (Việc tăng giá bánh quy phô mai từ 2,25 đô la lên 2,45 đô la mỗi hộp
khiến các nhà cung cấp bánh quy phô mai tăng số lượng cung cấp từ 125 hộp
mỗi phút lên 145 hộp mỗi phút. Sử dụng phương pháp trung điểm, đường
cung là)
a. elastic, and the price elasticity of supply is 1.74. (co giãn, và độ co giãn của
cung là 1,74.)
b. elastic, and the price elasticity of supply is 0.57. (co giãn, và độ co giãn của
cung là 0,57.)
c. inelastic, and the price elasticity of supply is 1.74. (không co giãn, và độ co giãn
của cung là 1,74.)
d. inelastic, and the price elasticity of supply is 0.57. (không co giãn, và độ co giãn
của cung là 0,57.)
19. Which of the following statements is valid when the market supply curve is
vertical? (Phát biểu nào sau đây là đúng khi đường cung thị trường thẳng
đứng?
a. Market quantity supplied does not change when the price changes. (Số
lượng thị trường cung cấp không thay đổi khi giá thay đổi.)
2. Supply is perfectly elastic. (Cung hoàn toàn co giãn.)
3. An increase in market demand will increase the equilibrium quantity. (Nhu
cầu thị trường tăng sẽ làm tăng lượng cân bằng.)
4. An increase in market demand will not increase the equilibrium price. (Nhu
cầu thị trường tăng sẽ không làm tăng giá cân bằng.)
20.If the price elasticity of supply is zero, then (Nếu độ co giãn của cung là
bằng 0, thì)
1. supply is more elastic than it is in any other case. (cung co giãn hơn so
với bất kỳ trường hợp nào khác.)
2. the supply curve is horizontal. (đường cung nằm ngang.)
3. the quantity supplied is the same, regardless of price. (số lượng
cung cấp là như nhau, bất kể giá cả.)
4. a change in demand will cause a relatively small change in the
equilibrium price. (một sự thay đổi trong nhu cầu sẽ gây ra một sự thay
đổi tương đối nhỏ trong giá cân bằng.)
21.A firm has market power if it can (Một công ty có sức mạnh thị trường
nếu có thể)
1. maximize profits. (tối đa hóa lợi nhuận.)
2. minimize costs. (giảm thiểu chi phí.)
3. influence the market price of the good it sells. (ảnh hưởng đến giá
thị trường của hàng hóa nó bán.)
4. hire as many workers as it needs at the prevailing wage rate. (thuê càng
nhiều công nhân càng cần với mức lương hiện hành.)
22.Economists assume that the goal of the firm is to maximize total
a. revenue.
b. profits.
c. costs.
d. satisfaction.
23.A key characteristic of a competitive market is that (Một đặc điểm
chính của thị trường cạnh tranh là)
a. government antitrust laws regulate competition. (luật chống độc quyền của chính
phủ quy định cạnh tranh.)
b. producers sell nearly identical products. (nhà sản xuất bán các sản phẩm
gần như giống hệt nhau.)
c. firms minimize total costs. (các công ty giảm thiểu tổng chi phí.)
d. firms have price setting power. (các công ty có sức mạnh thiết lập giá.)
24.A market is competitive if (Một thị trường cạnh tranh nếu)
firms have the flexibility to price their own product. (các công ty có sự linh hoạt để
định giá sản phẩm của chính họ.)
each buyer is small compared to the market. (mỗi người mua là nhỏ so với thị
trường.)
each seller is small compared to the market.( mỗi người bán nhỏ so với thị trường.)
25. Profit is defined as (Lợi nhuận được định nghĩa là)
1. net revenue minus depreciation. (doanh thu thuần trừ đi khấu hao.)
2. total revenue minus total cost. (tổng doanh thu trừ tổng chi phí.)
3. average revenue minus average total cost. (doanh thu trung bình trừ tổng chi
phí trung bình.)
4. marginal revenue minus marginal cost. (doanh thu cận biên trừ chi phí cận
biên.)
26. Suppose a firm in a competitive market produces and sells 150 units of
output and earns $1,800 in total revenue from the sales. If the firm increases
its output to 200 units, total revenue will be (Giả sử một công ty trong một thị
trường cạnh tranh sản xuất và bán 150 đơn vị sản phẩm và kiếm được 1.800
đô la tổng doanh thu từ việc bán hàng. Nếu công ty tăng sản lượng lên 200
đơn vị, tổng doanh thu sẽ là)
a. $2,000.
b. $2,400.
c. $4,200.
d. We do not have enough information to answer the question. (không có đủ thông
tin để trả lời câu hỏi.)
27. Kirsten sells 300 glasses of lemonade at $0.50 each. Her total costs are
$125. Her profits are (Kirsten bán 300 ly nước chanh với giá 0,5 đô la mỗi ly.
Tổng chi phí của cô là 125 đô la. Lợi nhuận của cô ấy là)
a. $25.
b. $124.50. c. $125.
d. $150.
28. A firm's opportunity costs of production are equal to its (Chi phí cơ hội
của một công ty sản xuất bằng với )
1. explicit costs only. (chi phí hữu hình)
2. implicit costs only. (chi phí vô hình)
3. explicit costs + implicit costs. (chi phí hữu hình + chi phí vô hình)
4. explicit costs + implicit costs + total revenue. (chi phí hữu hình + chi phí vô
hình + tổng
doanh thu)
29. In order to maximize profits in the short run, a firm should produce where
(Để tối đa hóa lợi nhuận trong ngắn hạn, một công ty nên sản xuất tại)
1. marginal revenue exceeds marginal cost by the greatest amount. (doanh thu
cận biên vượt quá chi phí cận biên bằng số tiền lớn nhất.)
2. marginal cost is minimized. (chi phí cận biên được giảm thiểu.)
3. average total cost is minimized. (tổng chi phí trung bình được giảm thiểu.)
4. marginal cost equals marginal revenue. (chi phí cận biên bằng doanh
thu cận biên.)
30. In a perfectly competitive market, the market supply curve is ( Trong một
thị trường cạnh tranh hoàn hảo, đường cung thị trường là)
1. the marginal cost curve above average total cost for a representative firm.
(đường chi phí cận biên trên tổng chi phí trung bình cho một công ty đại
diện.)
2. the horizontal sum of all the individual firms' supply curves. (tổng chiều
ngang của tất cả các đường cung của các công ty.)
3. the vertical sum of all the individual firms’ supply curves. (tổng số theo
chiều dọc của đường cung của các công ty)
4. always a horizontal line. (luôn là đường thẳng nằm ngang)
31. Suppose there is a 6 percent increase in the price of good X and a resulting
6 percent decrease in the quantity of X demanded. Price elasticity of demand
for X is (Giả sử có sự gia tăng 6 phần trăm về giá của hàng hóa X và kết quả
là giảm 6 phần trăm số lượng X yêu cầu. Độ co giãn của cầu đối với X là
a. 0. b. 1. c. 6. d. 36.
32. If the price elasticity of demand for a good is 1.5, then a 3 percent decrease
in price results in a (Nếu độ co giãn của cầu theo giá là 1,5, thì giá giảm 3% sẽ
dẫn đến)
a. 0.5percentincreaseinthequantitydemanded.
b. 2 percent increase in the quantity demanded.
c. 4.5percentincreaseinthequantitydemanded.
d. 5 percent increase in the quantity demanded.
33. When the price of a good is $5, the quantity demanded is 100 units per
month; when the price is $7, the quantity demanded is 80 units per month.
Using the midpoint method, the price elasticity of demand is about (Khi giá
của hàng hóa là 5 đô la, số lượng yêu cầu là 100 đơn vị mỗi tháng; khi giá là 7
đô la, số lượng yêu cầu là 80 đơn vị mỗi tháng. Sử dụng phương pháp trung
điểm, độ co giãn của cầu theo giá là khoảng)
a. 0.22. b. 0.67. c. 1.33. d. 1.50.
34. When the rental price of DVD movies is $4, Denise rents five per month.
When the price is $3, she rents nine per month. Denise's demand for DVD
rentals is (Khi giá cho thuê phim DVD là 4 đô la, Denise thuê năm mỗi tháng.
Khi giá là 3 đô la, cô ấy thuê chín mỗi tháng. Nhu cầu cho thuê DVD của
Denise là
1. elastic,andherdemandcurvewouldberelativelyflat.
(cogiãnnhiều,vàđườngcầucủacôsẽtươngđối bằng phẳng.)
2. elastic, and her demand curve would be relatively steep.(co giãn nhiều, và
đường cầu của cô sẽ tương đối dốc).
3. inelastic,andherdemandcurvewouldberelativelyflat.
(cogiãnít,vàđườngcầucủacôsẽtươngđối bằng phẳng.
4. inelastic, and her demand curve would be relatively steep.( .(co giãn ít, và
đường cầu của cô sẽ tương đối dốc).
35. Lois is a self-employed pet sitter. She can make 20 “housecalls” per day.
She is considering hiring her sistes Dora to work for her. Both she and Dora
can visit 35 houses per day. What is Dora’s marginal product? (Lois là một
người trông thú cưng tự làm. Cô ấy có thể làm 20 housecalls trực tiếp mỗi
ngày. Cô ấy đang xem xét việc thuê Dora của cô ấy để làm việc cho cô ấy. Cả
cô và Dora đều có thể ghé thăm 35 ngôi nhà mỗi ngày. Sản phẩm cận biên của
Dora Dora là gì?)
a. 55
b. 35
c. 22.5
d. 15
36. Item X has a price elasticity of Ed = - 2, when the price of X increases with
other factors constant,
the quantity demanded by Y
(Mặt hàng X có độ co giãn cầu theo giá là Ed = - 2 , khi giá của X tăng lên
trong điều kiện các yếu tố khác không đổi ,thì lượng cầu của mặt hàng Y sẽ)
a. Increase
b. Decrease
c. Nochange
d. Nonoftheseanswer(khôngcócâunàođúng)
37. If a price floor is not binding, then
1. the equilibrium price is above the price floor.
2. the equilibrium price is below the price floor.
3. it has no legal enforcement mechanism. ( Không có yếu tố bắt buộc đối với
hàng hoá)
4. More than one of the above is correct.
38. In which of these cases will the tax burden fall most heavily on sellers of
the good?
1. The demand curve is relatively steep and the supply curve is relatively
flat.
2. The demand curve is relatively flat and the supply curve is relatively steep.
3. The demand curve and the supply curve are both relatively flat.
4. The demand curve and the supply curve are both relatively steep.

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FINAL EXAM – TEST CODE 079

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