Medalla, Cyrill Faith R.

BSN-1C

Outline
Florence Nightingale
 Nightingale’s theory is “Environmental theory” that focuses on the patient and the
surroundings of the patient. Nightingale believes that if a patient is in a hygienic, non-
stressful environment the patient’s recovery time will lessen.
Jean Watson
 Jean Watson is a nursing professor known for her theory “Philosophy and theory of
Transpersonal Caring”. The Theory says that “humans cannot be treated as objects and
that humans cannot be separated from self, other, nature, and the larger workforce”. The
theory focuses in the interpersonal process between the care giver and the care
recipient.
 Nursing care goes beyond human interaction but also focuses in the patient’s approval.
 Jean Watson’s 10 caritas process to help the patient as well as the care giver. (Loving –
Kindness) (Inspire - Faith, Hope) (Trust - Transpersonal) (Nurture – Relationships)
( Forgive and accept positive and negative feelings) (Deepen ) ( Balance – learning)
( Co-Create – Healing Environment ) ( Minister – Humanity ) ( Open minded )
Patricia Benner
 Patricia Benner’s From Novice to Expert concept explains that nurses develop skills and
an understanding of patient care over time from a combination of a strong educational
background and personal experience.
 “Allow yourself to be a beginner, No one starts being Excellent” – Patricia Benner
 From the Theory “From Novice To Expert” here is the five levels of nursing experience,
Novice – Follow Rule and Guidelines, Advance Beginner – Gained prior knowledge in
nursing situations, can move beyond rule and guidelines, Competent – can plan and
manage care effectively and efficiently, Proficient – Have brodder perspectives,
demonstrate intuitive decision making skills, Expert - nurses no longer rely on principles,
rules, or guidelines to connect situations and determine actions, Their performances are
fluid, flexible, and highly-proficient.
Katie Eriksson
 The Theory of Caritative Caring was Developed by Katie Eriksson. The model of nursing
distinguishes between caring ethics, the practical relationship between the patient and the
nurse, and other nursing ethics
 In the caritative caring theory is described as “to care is to tend, play, and learn in
faith ,hope and love.