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MASTER OF ARTS (HISTORY)
Term-End Examination
MHI-03 : HISTORIOGRAPHY
Time : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 100 (Weightage : 70%)

Note : Answer any five questions in about 500 words each. Attempt at least two questions from each
section. All questions carry equal marks.
SECTION - A
1. What is objectivity? Discuss the critique of objectivity. 20
2. Discuss the early traditions of history writing in China. How did Confucius contribute in its
development ? 20
3. Write a note on Arabic history writing tradition. 20
4. What do you understand by Annales school ? Discuss its contribution in history-writing. 20
5. Write short notes on any two of the following in about 250 words each : 10+10
(a) Generalisation in history.
(b) Prasastis and Charitas
(c) Official Histories of Akbar's reign.
(d) History of tribal movements.
SECTION - B
6. Define racism. What are the different perspectives for the study of racism in modern times ? 20
7. Write an essay on colonial historiography. 20
8. Give a brief account of writings on history from below in the Indian context. 20
9. How did the communal view of Indian history evolve? Provide a critique of it. 20
10. Write short notes an any two of the following in about 250 words each ; 10+10
(a) Local History
(b) Rankean tradition of history writing.
(c) Feudalism debate among Indian historians.
(d) History of Environment and Science.

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A) The government has given itself a 90-day breather to implement transparency

provisions under the Lokpal law and has set September 15 as the deadline for
government servants to file their assets and liabilities declaration.

Under the Lokpal law, all government servants irrespective of their rank will
have to declare their assets and liabilities every year.

The assets declarations for central government employees will be put in public
domain.

Government sources said orders were issued for giving officials some more time
since conduct rules for different services and ranks were yet to be finalized in
light of the suggestions received from various cadre controlling authorities.

On its part, the Department of Personnel and Training (DoPT) has laid down the
process and finalized the ground rules to be followed by public servants in this
regard.

The Lokpal and Lokayukta Act 2013 had made it mandatory for every public
servant to make the annual declaration and not just senior officials, as required
under existing provisions.

Under rules notified by DoPT last week, the competent authority would have
discretion to exempt public servants from declaring assets valued at less than four
months’ basic salary or Rs. 2 lakh.

Government officials said the exemption clause had been incorporated so that the
exercise to improve transparency did not end up harassing public servants.

The DoPT also has adapted declaration forms for assets and liabilities filed by
candidates in Lok Sabha and assembly elections to enlarge the scope of the
forms.

‘The original version of the forms left room for officials to provide vague
information or skip certain information. This would not be possible in the new
formats,” a government official said, pointing to provisions that require officials
to declare the weight and value of jewellery owned by them, spouse and
dependents.

10
 The practice of government officials declaring their assets — and information
about their immovable assets being made public — is only a couple of years old.

B) Loni and Mandoli situated on the out-skirts of Delhi are at great risk of being
permanently damaged by toxins released from e-waste, a city-based
environmental organization has found.

According the Toxic Link’s report ‘Impact of E-waste Recycling on Water and
Soil’, toxic elements like mercury, lead and zinc along with acids and chemicals
released during e-waste recycling are contaminating soil and water in the
surrounding areas of Delhi.

After laboratory testing of soil and water samples, the report found water and soil
contaminated with heavy metals and other contaminants.

Both Loni and Mandoli have multiple recycling units engaged in hazardous
processes for recovery of materials from e-waste.

“It was found that both sites discharge their effluents into open lands in the
absence of drains. They also dispose of their solid waste in open lands, while
most residual matter is disposed by open burning causing severe damage to the
environment,” Programme Coordinator of Toxics Link, Prashant Rajankar said.

Drinking water contains exorbitant amount of toxic metal at both the locations.
At Loni, some samples of water reveal mercury level as high as 20 times the
prescribed limit. The level of zine in a sample was 174 times higher at Mandoli.

“Increased amount of toxic elements are clear indicator that water at both the
places is not fit for drinking. Toxic metals such as lead and zinc slowly damage
vital organs and also reduce the IQs and understanding capabilities of children,”
Rajankar said.

Similarly, soil samples suggest that the soil characteristics have changed
significantly. The findings also show lead level in soil at Loni to be very high,
with one sample as high as 147 times the prescribed limit. At Mandoli, lead level
in one of the samples is 102 times higher than the prescribed limit.

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MASTER OF ARTS (HISTORY)

Term-End Examination

MHI-03 : HISTORIOGRAPHY

Time : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 100 (Weightage : 70%)

Note : Answer any five questions in about 500 words each. Attempt at least two
questions from each section. All questions carry equal marks.

SECTION - A

1. What is objectivity? Discuss the critique of objectivity.

2. Discuss the early traditions of history writing in China. How did Confucius
contribute in its development ?

3. Write a note on Arabic history writing tradition.

4. What do you understand by Annales school ? Discuss its contribution in

history-writing.

5. Write short notes on any two of the following in about 250 words each :

(a) Generalisation in history.

(b) Prasastis and Charitas

(c) Official Histories of Akbar's reign.

(d) History of tribal movements.

SECTION - B

6. Define racism. What are the different perspectives for the study of racism in
modern times ?

7. Write an essay on colonial historiography.

8. Give a brief account of writings on history from below in the Indian context.

9. How did the communal view of Indian history evolve? Provide a critique of it.

10. Write short notes on any two of the following in about 250 words each :

7|Fage
(a) Local History

(b) Rankean tradition of history writing.

(c) Feudalism debate among Indian historians.

(d) History of Environment and Science.

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A) The government has given itself a 90-day breather to implement transparency
provisions under the Lokpal law and has set September 15 as the deadline for
government servants to file their assets and liabilities declaration.

Under the Lokpal law, all government servants irrespective of their rank will
have to declare their assets and liabilities every year.
The assets declarations for central government employees will be put in public
domain.

Government sources said orders were issued for giving officials some more time
since conduct rules for different services and ranks were yet to be finalized in
light of the suggestions received from various cadre controlling authorities.

On its part, the Department of Personnel and Training (DoPT) has laid down the
process and finalized the ground rules to be followed by public servants in this
regard.

The Lokpal and Lokayukta Act 2013 had made it mandatory for every public
servant to make the annual declaration and not just senior officials, as required
under existing provisions.

Under rules notified by DoPT last week, the competent authority would have
discretion to exempt public servants from declaring assets valued at less than
four months’ basic salary or Rs. 2 lakh.

Government officials said the exemption clause had been incorporated so that the
exercise to improve transparency did not end up harassing public servants.

The DoPT also has adapted declaration forms for assets and liabilities filed by
candidates in Lok Sabha and assembly elections to enlarge the scope of the
forms.

‘The original version of the forms left room for officials to provide vague
information or skip certain information. This would not be possible in the new
formats,’ a government official said, pointing to provisions that require officials
to declare the weight and value of jewellery owned by them, spouse and
dependents.

The practice of government officials declaring their assets — and information

about their immovable assets being made public — is only a couple of years old.

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B) Loni and Mandoli situated on the out-skirts of Delhi are at great risk of being
permanently damaged by toxins released from e-waste, a city-based
environmental organization has found.
According the Toxic Link’s report ‘Impact of E-waste Recycling on Water and
Soil’, toxic elements like mercury, lead and zinc along with acids and chemicals
released during e-waste recycling are contaminating soil and water in the
surrounding areas of Delhi.

After laboratory testing of soil and water samples, the report found water and
soil contaminated with heavy metals and other contaminants.

Both Loni and Mandoli have multiple recycling units engaged in hazardous
processes for recovery of materials from e-waste.

“It was found that both sites discharge their effluents into open lands in the
absence of drains. They also dispose of their solid waste in open lands, while most
residual matter is disposed by open burning causing severe damage to the
environment,” Programme Coordinator of Toxics Link, Prashant Rajankar said.

Drinking water contains exorbitant amount of toxic metal at both the locations.
At Loni, some samples of water reveal mercury level as high as 20 times the
prescribed limit. The level of zinc in a sample was 174 times higher at Mandoli.

“Increased amount of toxic elements are clear indicator that water at both the
places is not fit for drinking. Toxic metals such as lead and zinc slowly damage
vital organs and also reduce the 1Qs and understanding capabilities of children,”
Rajankar said.

Similarly, soil samples suggest that the soil characteristics have changed
significantly. The findings also show lead level in soil at Loni to be very high, with
one sample as high as 147 times the prescribed limit. At Mandoli, lead level in
one of the samples is 102 times higher than the prescribed limit.

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