PIT, LEYTE WORKOUT NAVIGATION / INSTRUMENTS APRIL 2012

Project : STC/KNVR

Course : Apprentice Deck-Officer

Location : P.I.T Palompon, main building

Participants : Selected students

Items : 1) Theory 2 points

2) Celestial navigation, star fix 18 points

3) Compass Error, 12 points

4) Instruments, GPS, Radar, Gyro 18 points

5) Great circle sailing 13 points

6) Tidal prediction, 14 points

7) Meteorology, 12 points

8) Voyage planning, 11 points

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TOTAL 100 points

Date : Week 15, 2012

Requirements : Stationary, calculator, dividers, parallel-ruler, Navigational Data book

Assignments : 8

Points : 100

Attachments :

(Based on the Dutch exam Nav IIIB + IIIC, 2001, June 20)

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PIT, LEYTE WORKOUT NAVIGATION / INSTRUMENTS APRIL 2012

Assignment 1 (valuation 2 points)

Theory

Easy to do, at these moments the bearing is then stable, hardly changes and an error
in time does not affect the bearing then.

Assignment 2 (valuation 18 points)

Kochab

UT : 19 01 34 (14/4)

GHA : 127º 55'.6

Incr. : 00˚ 23'.6+
GHA : 128º 19'.2
SHA : 137º 17'.6+
GHA : 265º 36'.8 a. (2)

Decl. : 74º 11'.7 N

Hs * : 44º 48'.3
Ic : -2'.0
: 44º 46'.3
dip : -5'.6
Ha : 44º 40'.7
star : -1'.0
Ho : 44º 39'.7 b. (2)
Hc : 44º 37'.7 c. (1)

a : +2'.0 d. (2)

True Bearing: 022º.2 e. (1)

Transfer: f. (4)

Kochab UTC 19 01 34 Transfer 050º / 2.1 M

Regulus UTC 19 05 12 Transfer 050º / 1.2 M
Aldebaran UTC 19 09 53 Transfer 050º / 0.0 M

See construction g. (4)

MWS h. (2)

DR : 49º 35'.0 N 005º 25'.0 W

 : +3.5 N 2.8 E
MWS : 49º 38'.5 N 005º 22'.2 W

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PIT, LEYTE WORKOUT NAVIGATION / INSTRUMENTS APRIL 2012

Celestial navigation

Assignment 3 (valuation 12 points)

Compass corrections

An azimuth of Regulus is taken on the gyro-repeater of the gyro compass.

The compass is not corrected for course- and speederror.
Date 12 May 1989
Position (DR) 18˚ 48'.5 S 025˚ 14.0' W Speed: 13 kn.(ground)
True bearing Regulus = 307 º
Gyrobearing Regulus = 306º
Compass course = 230º
Gyro course = 243º
variation (1984) = 12º 30.'0 E (6'W)

Questions:

(2) a. Total correction (tc) of the gyrocompass.

True bearing Regulus = 307º

Gyrobearing Regulus = 306º
Tc = +1º

(2) b. Speed correction (sc) of the gyrocompass. +0.4º

(2) c. ic = 1 – 0.4 = 0.6º

(2) d. True course = gyro course + tc = 243 + 1 = 244º

(2) e. Error of compass = 244 – 230 = 14º

Variation 1989 = variation (1984) - (12º 30.'0 E – 5 x 6'W) = 12º

(2) f. Deviation of the magnetic compass = 14º - 12º = 2º

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PIT, LEYTE WORKOUT NAVIGATION / INSTRUMENTS APRIL 2012

Assignment 4 (valuation 18 points)

Instruments (GPS – RADAR – Gyro – Doppler Log )

(2) a. The principle behind GPS is the measurement of distance (or range) between
the satellites and the receiver. Each satellite transmits its position and a time
signal. The signals travel to the receiver delayed by distance travelled. The
receiver measures the running time of the various signals and subsequently
calculates the distance to each satellite and can then calculate its own position.

(2). b. Blind sector – switch to small range, sea-clutter turned down, the blind sector
will become visible.

(3) c. Radar - 3 cm versus 10 cm:

-3 cm gives a sharper picture then 10 cm, ok for short range < 4M
-10 cm though quality of the picture is less, is better for the long range > 8M
-with 10 cm less problems with rain

(2) d. Stabilised picture

- no blurring / more quite picture changing course etc.
-bearing more direct, if tc = 0 then true gyro bearing

(2) e. The Righting system can be either Top heavy or Bottom heavy

(2) f. The Doppler log will indicate 2 ½ knots.

(3) g. The speed of sound in seawater depends on:

-Temperature
-Pressure
-Salinity

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PIT, LEYTE WORKOUT NAVIGATION / INSTRUMENTS APRIL 2012

Assignment 5 (evaluation 13 points)

Great circle sailing

Point A = 06˚ 55´. 5 N 055˚ 02´. 6 E

Point B = 32˚ 45´. 3 N 017˚ 05´. 8 W

The average ground-speed is expected to be 15 kn.

BT = ZT

Answers:

Great-circle Sailing:

(3) a. Calculate the ground-course from departure Point A.

Tan C = Sin Dlo .

((Cos L1 Tan L2) – (Sin L1 Cos Dlo))

C = 302.°3

(3) b. Calculate the distance via the great circle.

Cos D = (Sin L1 Sin L2) + (Cos L1 Cos L2 Cos Dlo)

D = 4275.6 NM

(2) c. What is the importance of knowing the position of the vertex?

The vertex is highest latitude of the great circle closest to the poles and
indicates that one has a change to meet icebergs or bad weather areas.

(2) d. given a distance of 4280 M  11 days 21 hours 20 minutes

(3) e Calculate the ETA in point B. (BT = ZT)

Departure A : 09.00 BT 11/03

ZTA : 04.00 E
Departure A : 05.00 UTC 11/03
Voyagetime : 21.20 11 days
Arrival B : 26.20 UTC 22/03
ZT : 01.00
Arrival B : 25.20 22/03

Arrival B : 01.20 BT 23/03

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PIT, LEYTE WORKOUT NAVIGATION / INSTRUMENTS APRIL 2012

Assignment 6 (valuation 14 points)

Tides

Vessel with a draft of 4.80 meters, near Folkestone, Standard Port Dover. 05.00 UTC. Date is
23 February 1989. Chart Depth 5.40 m. , Draught 4.80 m. BT = UTC.

Answers:

(1) a. HW 00.31 6.6 m.

LW 07.49 0.8 m.

HW LW

(4) b. Dover 0031 6.6 m 0749 0.8 m

s.c 89 0.0 0.0
t -0019 6.6 -0010
h 0.4 m+ -0.1 m
7.0 0.7
s.c 88 0.0 0.0

Folkestone 0012 7.0 m 0739 0.7 m

(4) c. The tidal range of Dover = 5.8 m. according spring tidal curve.

05.00 UTC  04.48 after HW  2.3 m depth of the water.

Depth = Chartdepth + Waterdepth = 5.4 + 2.3 = 7.7 m

(1) d. UKC = D – T = Depth – Draught = 7.7 – 4.8 = 2.9 m

(2) e. Secondary Port(s) have about the same average spring- and neap tidal curves

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PIT, LEYTE WORKOUT NAVIGATION / INSTRUMENTS APRIL 2012

Assignment 7 (valuation 12 points)

Meteorology

(2) a. Three indications for the presence of a hurricane:

-deviation of the usual direction of the swell
-deviation of the usual direction of the wind
-above average deviation of the height of the barometer
-radiating cirrus

Four conditions that allow a tropical cyclone to develop:

-sufficient supp of warm moist air.
-Lattitude sufficiently high.
-Seawater temperature at least 26,5 degrees.
-The air must go upwards freely to about 12 km.

(2) b. ITCZ = Inter Tropical Convergence Zone

(2) c. Law of Buys Ballot

(2) d. Trough  an elongated region of relatively low atmospheric pressure, often

associated with fronts.
-Isobars close to each other
-a steep wind gradient

(2) f. Ocean currents of the North Atlantic:

-Gulfstream
-Florida current
-Labrador current
-Greenland current
-Portugal current

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PIT, LEYTE WORKOUT NAVIGATION / INSTRUMENTS APRIL 2012

Assignment 8 (evaluation 11 points)

Voyage preparation

Dover Strait Pilot

(1) a. -From the British Admiralty Catalogue or

-Nautical Charts
-Other Publications

(2) b. -Compare the date of publication, right below, with the notation left below of
the latest update of correction(s) Ntm.
-Stamp of the Supplier at the back of the chart (+date) and Number of latest
Ntm of which corrections are applied.

(2) c. -List of Lights

-Nautical Pilot(s)
-Nautical Almanac
-Tide tables
-Current-charts / -atlases

(2) d. Four documents necessary for clearance at Falmouth.

-Two crew effects lists
-One ship’s report by Master
-One Home Office form
-Two general Declarations

(1) e. - 4 tugs
- 4 dry docks

(2) f. Repairs can be carried out at 13 deep-water berths and in deep-water harbour.

(1) g. Normally carried out by the crew.

END

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