CHAPTER 23: Classic Music in the Late Eighteenth Century

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Today Joseph Haydn is best remembered for his

a. operas and oratorios d. string quartets and piano concertos
b. piano sonatas and concertos e. string quartets and symphonies
c. masses and symphonies
2. Haydn spent much of his career
a. in London
b. as a freelance musician
c. working for the Archbishop of Salzburg
d. working for a single noble family
e. at St. Stephen’s Cathedral in Vienna
3. Why is the Esterházy family important for Classic-era music?
a. they employed Mozart when he was young
b. they fired Mozart, which allowed him to go to Vienna
c. they sponsored public concerts, which helped popularize Mozart’s music
d. they fired Haydn, which allowed him to go to London
e. they provided Haydn with job stability and skilled musicians
4. Haydn began his career as
a. a child prodigy
b. a choirboy at a cathedral
c. a freelance violinist
d. an accompanist for a famous voice teacher
e. a music copyist
5. By the 1780s, Haydn had increased the orchestra he composed for from fourteen to ________ players.
a. sixteen d. sixty
b. twenty-five e. seventy
c. forty
6. A baryton is a
a. male singer who often plays comic roles
b. brass instrument
c. string instrument with a set of sympathetic strings
d. pedal on the organ
e. type of keyboard no longer in use
7. The galant style was the primary source for what aspect of Haydn’s music?
a. tuneful melodies with paired, brief phrases
b. heightened sentiment, expression, and variation
c. passages that resemble folk music
d. counterpoint
e. Turkish elements
8. Fux’s Gradus ad Parnassum was the primary source for what aspect of Haydn’s music?
a. tuneful melodies with paired, brief phrases
b. heightened sentiment, expression, and variation
c. passages that resemble folk music
d. counterpoint
e. Turkish elements
 9. Empfindsam and C. P. E. Bach were the primary sources for what aspects of Haydn’s music?
a. tuneful melodies with paired, brief phrases
b. heightened sentiment, expression, and variation
c. passages that resemble folk music
d. counterpoint
e. Turkish elements
10. “Is there an artist of the present day
Untaught by thee to think, as well as play?”
Burney’s poem refers to what aspects of Haydn’s musical style?
a. economy and use of conventions
b. expansion of phrases and ideas
c. ability to write sophisticated music but also be witty and humorous
d. ability to differentiate phrase functions
e. learned counterpoint
11. Why has Haydn been called the Father of the Symphony?
a. he invented the genre
b. he taught Beethoven
c. he set standards and patterns that later composers emulated
d. his symphonies were more admired than Mozart’s
e. his students and co-workers called him “Papa”
12. The second movement of a Haydn symphony
a. is in rondo or sonata-rondo form d. is gentler and slower than the first
b. is often in minor e. usually is highly dramatic
c. has a slow introduction
13. Possibly because of competition with his former student Pleyel, Haydn used ________ in his London
works.
a. a larger orchestra, including timpani and trumpets
b. less daring harmonies
c. more counterpoint
d. shorter movements
e. more melodious themes and novel effects or surprises

14. The string quartet is often compared to a

a. sermon or essay d. concise poem
b. conversation among friends e. theatrical performance
c. dance

15. Critics complained that Haydn’s masses were too

a. simple d. serious
b. complicated e. Italianate
c. cheerful
16. The Creation was designed to be sung in which two languages?
a. English and German d. English and Italian
b. English and French e. German and Italian
c. German and French
17. The Creation is
a. an oratorio by Handel
b. an oratorio by Haydn
 c. an opera by Haydn written for London
d. the nickname for one of Haydn’s symphonies
e. the nickname for one of Haydn’s quartets
18. Eighteenth-century philosophers argued that the sublime in music produces
a. beauty d. intense laughter
b. pleasure e. delicacy
c. awe and astonishment
19. Mozart wrote three operas with which librettist?
a. Metastasio d. da Ponte
b. C. W. Gluck e. G. B. Pergolesi
c. Calzabigi
20. Mezzo carattere refers to
a. a type of soprano used in eighteenth-century operas
b. dynamics (medium loud)
c. characters played by castrati
d. an opera from the 1700s that combines serious and comic styles
e. minuets that are more like folk dances in character
21. Why is Ludwig von Köchel significant?
a. he invited Haydn to London
b. he was the librettist for Die Zauberflöte
c. he rediscovered and revived the cantatas of J. S. Bach
d. his harpsichord music influenced Haydn and Mozart
e. he catalogued Mozart’s compositions, and we still use his system today

22. When Mozart moved to Vienna, he earned money by doing all of the following except
a. composing d. performing as a singer
b. teaching e. performing as a pianist
c. publishing
23. Whose music served as a primary model for Mozart’s piano concertos?
a. J. S. Bach d. D. Scarlatti
b. C. P. E. Bach e. Haydn
c. J. C. Bach
24. The middle movements of Mozart’s piano concertos
a. reflect his experience as an opera composer
b. frequently use rondo form
c. frequently use minuet and trio form
d. do not use wind instruments
e. were revised heavily
25. The third movements of Mozart’s piano concertos
a. reflect his experience as an opera composer
b. frequently use rondo form
c. frequently use minuet and trio form
d. do not use wind instruments
e. were revised heavily
TRUE/FALSE

1. Haydn and Mozart admired and influenced each other.

 2. In Classic-era music, contrasts of stability and instability help listeners follow the form.

3. Fragmentation, counterpoint, distant harmonies, and silences are common in Haydn’s development
sections.

4. Haydn prefers to make the onset of the recapitulation obvious so that listeners can readily follow the
form.

5. In three of his early symphonies, Haydn incorporated prominent solo passages to showcase the
principal players.

6. Haydn, unlike most of his contemporaries, did not write an opera.

7. Mozart’s sister and father were also gifted musicians.

8. Mozart’s travels as a youth were important because they allowed him to absorb and later synthesize
every kind of music being written in western Europe.

9. Mozart wrote no serious operas once he became an adult.

10. The Requiem is one of the last works Mozart completed.

SHORT ANSWER

1. Who controlled the distribution of Haydn’s music under his original contract?

ANS:
His employer or Prince Esterházy

DIF: Medium REF: 522 TOP: Source Reading | Haydn’s Contract

MSC: Factual

2. List three duties or stipulations from Haydn’s original contract

ANS:
Answers could include: wear a uniform; supervise the other musicians; compose music; coordinate
performances at royal command; take care of the musical instruments and the music; teach the female
singers; practice; maintain honorable, temperate conduct; meet with the prince daily to see if a
performance was required

DIF: Medium REF: 522 TOP: Source Reading | Haydn’s Contract

MSC: Factual

3. Most Haydn symphonies have ________ movements. The first movement generally uses ________
form.

ANS:
four/sonata

DIF: Easy REF: 528 TOP: Symphonic Form

MSC: Factual
4. List the three stages of sonata form in order. Then list two optional sections that Haydn and other
composers frequently included to open and close the form.

ANS:
exposition, development, recapitulation/slow introduction, coda

DIF: Easy REF: 529–530 TOP: Symphonic Form

MSC: Factual

5. “They are Brilliant—pleasing to the ear. . . .There are passages here and there that only connoisseurs
can fully appreciate, yet the common listener will find them as well.” Mozart’s letter about his piano
concertos reflects that successful composers during the Classic era tried to do what?

ANS:
Answers could include: please both sophisticated and less sophisticated listeners; appeal to a wide
range of audience members; appeal to a diverse audience; please both the music lover and the expert;
have double appeal

DIF: Medium REF: 519 | 523 | 548

TOP: Classic Music in the Late Eighteenth Century MSC: Conceptual

6. In the 1700s, symphonies were typically performed by ______________ for an audience, while string
quartets and keyboard sonatas were for ______________ to play at home.

ANS:
professionals/amateurs or non-professionals

DIF: Medium REF: 534 | 536 TOP: String Quartets

MSC: Factual

7. The musical excerpt below contains several techniques that Classic-era composers used in their works.
List at least three.
 ANS:
Answers could include: songlike opening phrase; balanced phrases or antecedent-consequent; diverse
styles or contrasting topics or ideas; Sturm und Drang or Storm and Stress style; melody and Alberti
bass accompaniment; second phrase extended

DIF: Hard REF: 545–547 TOP: Contrasting Styles

MSC: Applied

8. Mozart’s themes often are ______________, perhaps reflecting his time in Italy, while Haydn’s often
tend to vary ______________.

ANS:
songlike or lyrical/motives, smaller motives, or motivic ideas or a single theme or idea

DIF: Hard REF: 545 TOP: Mozart’s Mature Style | Themes

MSC: Conceptual

9. Arranging and re-orchestrating music by _____________ and _____________ influenced Mozart’s

music.

ANS:
J. S. Bach/ Handel
 DIF: Hard REF: 545 TOP: Mozart | Influence of Haydn, Bach, and Handel
MSC: Conceptual

10. List three musical techniques that Mozart uses to depict characters and their emotions in his operas.

ANS:
Answers could include: tonal or harmonic changes; different dance rhythms or types; orchestration;
departures from conventions; opera seria or opera buffa idioms; blending opera seria and opera buffa
idioms

DIF: Medium REF: 552–556 TOP: Mozart | Operas

MSC: Applied

MATCHING

Match each item to the correct description below.

a. minuet and trio d. sonata-rondo
b. scherzo e. topics
c. serenade

1. differing styles within Classic-era music, used by composers to create contrast

2. often intended for outdoor performances
3. ABA overall, a dance form with repeats
4. literally “joke,” an especially fast ABA movement that often plays with expectations
5. ABACABA

1. ANS: E
2. ANS: C
3. ANS: A
4. ANS: B
5. ANS: D

Match each item to the correct description below.

a. Eine kleine Nachtmusik d. The Magic Flute
b. Die Entführung aus dem Serail e. Surprise Symphony
c. Jupiter Symphony
6. considered by many to be the first great opera in German
7. a serenade by Mozart
8. Mozart’s first operatic hit
9. features a highly contrapuntal finale
10. features a sudden and startling fortissimo crash

6. ANS: D
7. ANS: A
8. ANS: B
9. ANS: C
10. ANS: E
ESSAY

1. Compare and contrast the music and careers of Haydn and Mozart. Be sure to mention specific pieces
and/or genres in your answer.

ANS:
Answers will vary.

2. What traditions does Mozart’s opera Don Giovanni bring together? Discuss the musical devices and
techniques Mozart uses in this opera and others to depict the characters and carry the action forward.

ANS:
Answers will vary.