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Measures of the Cause and Prevention of Child Crime in India juvenile delinquency बाल अपराध को रोकने मे अनिवार्य शिक्षा education
Measures of the Cause and Prevention of Child Crime in India juvenile delinquency बाल अपराध को रोकने मे अनिवार्य शिक्षा education
Measures of the Cause and Prevention of Child Crime in India juvenile delinquency बाल अपराध को रोकने मे अनिवार्य शिक्षा education
'kksèk funsZ'kd
डॉ yfyr eksgu pkSèkjh
Jh lR; lkà ;wfuoÆlVh v‚Q+ VsDuksy‚th vkSj esfMdy lkbalsl] flgksj] eè; çns'k] Hkkjr
Jh lR; lkà ;wfuoÆlVh v‚Q+ VsDuksy‚th vkSj esfMdy lkbalsl] flgksj] eè; çns'k] Hkkjr
Abstract
orZeku le; esa cky vijk/k dh leL;k mu çeq[k leL;kvksa esa ls ,d gS ftls vkijkf/kd O;ogkj ds
{ks= esa lokZf/kd egRo fn;k tk jgk gSA ;g ,d ,slh leL;k gS tks ewy :i ls ifjokj vkSj leqnk; ds
fo?kVu dk ifj.kke gSA nqfu;k ds yxHkx lHkh ns'kksa esa cky vijkf/k;ksa dh la[;k esa yxkrkj gks jgh o`f)
fpark dk fo"k; gS D;ksafd ftu cPpksa ij ns'k ;k jk"Vª dk Hkfo"; fuHkZj djrk gS vxj os vlkekU; cPps
cu tkrs gSa rks ns'k dk Hkfo"; fcxM+ ldrkA Hkkjr es]a cky vijk/k dks fd'kksj vijk/k ds :i esa oÛhZ—r
fd;k x;k gSA vFkkZR] ]d fufnZ"V vk;q ls de mez ds cPpksa /kkjk fd] Û] vijk/k dks cky vijk/kksa ds :i
esa oxhZ—r fd;k x;k gSAcky vijk/k ]d lkekftd leL;k gSA blfy] cky vijk/k ds dkj-k Hkh lekt
esa ekStwn gSaA euksoSKkfudksa ds vuqlkj dksbZ Hkh tUe ls vijk/kh ugha gksrk oju~ tUe ds i'pkr~ gh vijk/kh
ço`fÙk dk gks tkrk gSA tks O;fä çkS<+koLFkk esa ços'k dj pqds gksrs gSa vkSj og lkekftd fu;eksa ;k dkuwuksa
ds fo#) dk;Z djrs gSaA mls vijk/k ekuk tkrk gS vkSj ;fn bl dk;Z dks vifjiDo ckyd ds }kjk fd;k
tkrk gS rks mls cky&vijk/k ¼Juvenile Delinquency½ dh laKk nh tkrh gSA
1.1 प्रस्तावना
cky&vijk/k ,d fo'oO;kih leL;k gS ftls izR;sd jk"Vª vkSj lekt esa fdlh u fdlh :i
esa ns[kk tk ldrk gSA ;g lR; gS fd izR;sd ns'k ,oa dky dh ifjfLFkfr;ka fHkUu&fHkUu
gksrh gSa] bl dkj.k cky&vijk/k leL;k dh izd`fr esa Hkh fHkUurk ik;h tkrh gSA Hkkjr
o"kZ esa cky&vijk/k ds lEcU/k esa tks Hkh vkadM+s izkIr gq, gSa muds vk/kkj ij dgk tk ldrk
gS fd ;g leL;k fnu&izfrfnu mxz :i /kkj.k djrh tk jgh gSA Hkkjro"kZ dh rqyuk esa
cVZ&Þml ckyd dks vijk/kh dgrs gSa] ftldh lekt fojks/kh ço`fÙk;k¡ bruh xEHkhj gks tkrh gSa fd mlds
çfr ljdkjh dk;Zokgh vko';d gks tkrh gSAß
ghyh& Þog ckyd tks lekt }kjk Loh—r vkpj.k dk ikyu ugha djrk] vijk/kh dgykrk gSAß tks dk;Z
tkucw>dj ugha fd;k x;k gS mls vijk/kh ugha dgrsA dsoy ogh dk;Z tks dkuwu }kjk fu"ks/k ekus x,
gSa] ;fn os fd, tkrs gSa rks vijk/k ekus tkrs gSa
iSr`drk & cky vijk/k dk ,d çeq[k dkj.k iSr`drk gSA ;fn vkyd dh ekrk&firk vijk/kh
ço`fÙk ds gSa rks mldk] çHkko cPps ij iM+rk gS vkSj cg Hkh vkijkf/kd dk;Z djus yxrk gSA
nks"kiw.kZ vkokl O;oLFkk & Hkkjr ds uxjksa esa edkuksa dh deh ds dkj.k fuEu vk; ds vf/kdka'k
yksx ,d gh dejs okys edku vFkok >qXxh&>ksifM+;ksa esa fuokl djrs gSaA bu edkuksa esa cPpksa
dks lHkh rjg dh n'kkvks dks ns[kus vkSj lquus dk volj feyus ds dkj.k muesa mÙkstuk iSnk
cPpksa dk frjLdkj & ftu ifjokjksa esa ekrk&firk dk thou cgqr O;LFk gksrk gS vFkok viuh
lq[k&lqfo/kkvksa esa iM+s jgus ds dkj.k es cPpksa dks viuh Lora=rk esa ck/kk le>us yxrs gSa]
ogk¡ cPpksa dk thou cgqr frjL—r gks tkrk gSA bl n'kk esa cPpksa dk ekufld larqyu fcxM+us
yxrk gS blh ds QyLo:i muesa vijk/kh O;ogkj dh ço`fÙk mRiUu gksus yxrh gSA
fc[kjs ifjokj ifjokj ds lnL;ksa esa ges'kk dyg cuh jgus ls ekufld Lrj ij ifjokj VwVus
yxrk gVs ifjokjksa esa ,d vkSj cPps esa ,slh vfuok;Z vko';drk,¡ iwjh ugh gks ikrh rFkk nwljh
vksj ifjokj ds okrkoj.k ls cPps esa ,slh mrstuk,a iSnk gksus yxrh gSA ftuds çHkko ls og
cpiu ls gh lekt&fojks/kh dk;Z djuk vkjEHk dj nsrk gSA
nks"kiw.kZ vuq'kklu & vR;f/kd dBksj vuq'kklu vFkok cPpksa dks nh tkus okyh vko';drk ls
vf/kd Lora=rk Hkh ,slh n'kk,¡ gSa tks cPpksa dks vijk/k dh vksj ys tkrh gSA NksVh&NksVh ckr
ij cPpksa dks 'kkjhfjd n.M nsus ls cPps Lo;a gh Øwj O;ogkj ds vH;Lr gksus yxrs gSaA ;gh
ço`fÙk mUgsa lkfFk;ksa ls ekj&ihV djus vkSj fgald O;ogkj djus dh çsj.kk nsrh gSA vf/kd
ykM+&I;kj ls cPpksa esa tqvk] [ksyus] 'kjkc ihus rFkk ;kSfud vijk/k djus dh ço`fÙk c<+us yxrh
gSA
i{kikriw.kZ O;ogkj & ifjokj esa ;fn fdlh cPps dks vf/kd I;kj fn;k tk;s rFkk fdlh nwljs
cPps ds lkFk ges'kk dBksj O;ogkj fd;k tk;s rks LokHkkfod gS fd ,sls dBksj O;ogkj ls cPps
ds eu esa bZ"kZ~;k vkSj cnys dh Hkkouk mRiUu gksus yxrh gSa vkSj os xyr laxr esa iM+dj
vijk/kh cu tkrs gSaA
vf/kd lq[k dh bPNk & euksoSKkfud :i ls cky&vijkf/k;ksa esa ;g Hkkouk cgqr çcy gksrh
gS fd mPp oxZ ds yksxksa dh rjg mUgsa Hkh vf/kd&ls&vf/kd lq[k lqfo/kk,a feyuh pkfg,]
bldk lk/ku pkgs dqN Hkh gksA eknd æO;ksa dk mi;ksx vkSj muls mRiUu gksus okys vijk/k
Hkh vf/kd lq[k dh bPNk dk gh ifj.kke gksrs gSaA
ghurk dh Hkkouk & tks cPps vkjEHk esa gh i<+us esa cgqr detksj gksrs gSa] vius lkfFk;ksa dh
rqyuk esa 'kkjhfjd :i ls fodkj;qä gksrs gSa vFkok tks fdlh Hkh dke dks dq'kyrkiwoZd ugha
dj ikrs] os bl ghu Hkkouk dk f'kdkj gks tkrs gSa vkSj vijk/k dh vksj vxzlj gks tkrs gSA
cqf) dk fuEu Lrj & cPpksa }kjk fd;s tkus okys ;kSu vijk/k de cqf) dk gh ifj.kke gksrs
gSaA cqf) ds fuEu Lrj ds dkj.k cgqr&ls cPpksa esa rdZ 'kfä dk vHkko gksrk gS ftlds
QyLo:i muds laxh&lkFkh mUgsa tYnh ls vijk/k dh vksj ys tkus esa lQy gks tkrs gSA
vLoLFk euksjatu & orZeku ;qx esa euksjatu ds vf/kdka'k lk/ku cPps dk pfj=&fuekZ.k u
djds muea mÙkstuk vkSj ruko mRiUu djrs gSaA Vsyhfotu vf/kdka'k dk;ZØeksa rFkk pyfp=ksa
esa gR;k] MdSrh] vigj.k] lsDl rFkk rLdjh ds –'; cPpksa esa mÙkstuk iSnk djrs gSaA v'yhy
i=&if=dk,a cPpksa ds thou dks vuSfrd cukus yxrh gSaA
tkfr&foHksn & Hkkjrh; n'kkvksa esa mPp vkSj fuEu tkfr;ksa ds chp ik;s tkus okys foHksn Hkh
cky vijk/k dk ,d çeq[k lkekftd dkj.k gSA vusd v/;;uksa ls Li"V gS fd mPp tkfr;ksa
ds cPps tc fuEu tkfr;ksa ds cPpksa ds lkFk HksnHkko dk O;ogkj djrs gSa rFkk mUgsa vius ls
nwj j[kus dk ç;Ru djrs gSa rks fuEu tkfr;ksa ds cPps vijk/kh O;ogkjksa ds }kjk bldk fojks/k
djus yxrs gSaA
lkFkh vkSj fxjksgA cky fxjksg ds lnL;ksa }kjk vlkekftd vkSj vkijkf/kd vkpj.k dksbZ ubZ
ckr ugha gS A bl ns'k esa vkus okys çkjafHkd vçoklh lewg vDlj ik, tkrs gSa [kqn 'kgjh
{ks=ksa dh lcls [kjkc efyu cfLr;ksa esa fLFkr Fks vkSj tYn gh fxjksg mHkj vk,A tSlk cPpk
cM+k gks tkrk gS og iM+ksl esa tkrk gS vkSj Iys xzqi ;k ih;j xzqi lnL; cu tkrk gS
vU; lkekftd&vkfFkZd ¼;k½ i;kZoj.kh; dkjd ikfjokfjd ,oa lkekftd fo?kVu ] vfLFkjrk]
cqjh laxfr ] u"V ?kj ] nks"kiw.kZ vuq'kklu ] laLdkj dk vHkko ] lekthdj.k dh nks"kiw.kZ çfØ;k
] voS/k fir`Ro o vokaNuh; larku ] vuSfrd ifjokj ] lkSrsys ekrk firk ] ekrk firk ds cPpksa
ds lkFk i{k ikriw.kZ O;ogkj ] vfrO;Lr ekrk firk ] ekrk firk ls cPpksa dh mis{kk ] HkhM+ HkkM+
o xanh cLrh ] cPpksa dks le; u fn;k tkuk ] ikfjokfjd ruko ] HkkoukRed fLFkjrk ] vijk/kh
Ns= dk çHkko ] v'yhy lkfgR; ] lwpuk çks/kksfxdh dk lgt miyC/k gks ikuk ] nks"kiw.kZ f'k{kk
] ,dkdh ikfjokfjd O;oLFkk ] if'pe lH;rk dk vuqdj.k ,oa vk/kqfudj.k ij cy fn;k tkuk
vkfn-
fd'kksj vijk/k ds fujks/k dk ewyea= mu dkj.kks dh jksdFkke gS ftuls ckyd vijk/kh curs gS fofHkUu
v/;;uksa ls ;g ns[kk x;k gS fd vijk/k dh vksj tkus dk ewy dkj.k ckyd dk leqfpr ikyu iks"k.k
u gksuk gSA vr: fd'kksjkijk/k dks jksdus ds fy, lcls çFke ifjokjksa dk iqulaZxBu djuk gksxk ekrk
;k firk cuus ls igys çR;sd L=h vkSj iq:"k dks cky euksfoKku rFkk ckydksa ds ikyu iks"k.k laca/kh
ckrksa dk Kku gksuk vko';d gSA ckyd dk ikyu iks"k.k ,d dyk ,oa foKku gS bl dyk dh
vko';d 'krkZ ekrk&firk dk pfj= ,oa O;ogkj rFkk ?kj dk okrkoj.k gS vko';drk ls vf/kd ykM+
I;kj ls ckyd fcxM+rs tkrs gSA vko';drk ls de Lusg rFKk çwkij ikus ls mudk HkkokRed fodkl
ugh gks ikrkA vr: I;kj dk ckyd ds thou esa cMk egRo gSA ekjihV vkSj vieku cgq/kk ckyd
dks vijk/k dh jkg ij ys tkrk gSA ?kj esa okrkoj.k çseiw.kZ gksuk pkfg, nwljs ckyd dh ftKklkvksa
ds lek/kku esa cMh lko/kkuh dh vko';drk gS dksbZ ckr iwNus ij ckyd dks f>>d fn;k tk, ;k
mlls >wB cksy nsus ij çHkko cMk cqjk iMrk gSA cgq/kk ckydks ls ;kSu ftKklkvksa ds fo"k; esa >wB
LoLFk euksjatu
euksjatu dk O;fä ds thou esa cMk egRoiw.kZ LFkku gksrk gS LoLFk euksjatu ds vHkko esa ckyd dh
vijk/kh ço`fÙk;ksa dks çksRlkgu feyrk gSA vr: vijk/kksa dks jksdus ds fy, LoLFk rFkk lqlLa —r
euksjatu dh lkefxz;ksa dk miyC/k gksuk vR;ar vko';d gSA
leqfpr f'k{kk
ifjokj ds ckn ckyd ij fo|ky; dk çHkko iMrk gS vr: fd'kksj vijk/k dks jksdus ds fy, ckyd
dh leqfpr f'k{kk dk çca/k gksuk t:jh gSA leqfpr f'k{kk esa f'k{kd dk O;fäRo fo|ky; dk ikBîØe]
f'k{kk dh fofo/krk vkSj ikBîØe ds vykok dk;ZØeksa dk cMk egRo gksrk gSA f'k{kdksa dks cky
euksfoKku dk fo'ks"k Kku gksuk pkfg,A rkfd os vius fo"k; dks euksjatd <ax ls mifLFkfr dj lds
vkSj ckyd esa fo"k; ds çfr :fp mRiUu dj ldsAa f'k{kd dk vkpj.k vkSj O;ogkj cMk lq/kjk gqvk
gksuk pkfg, D;ksfa d ckyd dks mlds mjkgj.k ls f'k{kk nsuh pkfg, ckyd dk vieku cMk Hkh gh
?kkrd fl) gksrk gSA 'kkjhfjd n.M dk ;FkklEHko ç;ksx ugh gksuk pkfg,A i<+us fy[kus esa detksj
ckydksa dh vksj fo'ks"k /;ku fn;k tkuk pkfg, D;ksfa d muds vijk/kh cuus dh laHkkouk vf/kd jgrh
gS fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks viuh bPNk vuqlkj fo"k; pquus rFkk vkil ds ekeyksa dks Lo;a fuiVkus dh Lora=rk
feyuh pkfg,A [ksydwn ukVd] okn fookn] LdkmfVax rFkk ukuk çdkj dh çr;ksfxrkvksa ds }kjk
ckyd dh fofHkUu ço`fÙk;ksa dks vfHkO;ä gksus dk volj feyus ls mldh vijk/k dh vksj tkus dh
laHkkouk de gks tkrh gS lkekU; f'k{kk ds lkFk&lkFk ckydks dks 'kkjhfjd f'k{kk] vkS|ksfxd f'k{kk rFkk
euksoSKkfud nks"k vijk/k ds egRoiw.kZ dkj.k gS vr: ckydksa dks vijk/kksa ls jksdus ds fy, muds
euksoSKkfud nks"kks dk mipkj vR;ar vko';d gS blds fy, fo|ky;ksa esa yxs gq, euksoSKkfud fDyfud
gksuk pkfg, tks ckydksa ds fo"k; esa mfpr ns[kHkky dj ldsa rFkk ijke'kZ ns ldsaA
1.4 ननष्कर्ष
1.5 milagkj
cky vijk/k izkjfEHkd voLFkk esa jksdk tk ldrk gS ;fn ?kj ij rFkk fo|ky;ksa eas mfpr ns[k&js[k
dh tk;A vfHkHkkodksa o f'k{kdksa dh cPpksas ds LoLFk ekufld fodkl esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk gksrh
gSA mu ij vijk/kh dk vk{ksi us yxkdj muesa lkekftd rFkk euksoSKkfud lq/kkj ds fy,
xaHkhjrkiwoZd dk;Z fd;k tkuk pkfg,A
lUnHkZ
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