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Visual Art SS 1 Second Term
Visual Art SS 1 Second Term
WEEKS TOPIC
2. Two dimensional art: (a) initiative drawing i.e. eye, and hand coordination (b) shading techniques
(hatching pointillism, blurring).
4. (a) Terminology of 3 – dimensional art (varnishing point, foreshortening, repeat motif chiaroscuro etc.
(b) Terminology of 3 – dimensional art (Terra-cotta, sculpture in round Green ware, leather hard).
Introduction to Modelling
5. Ceramic: (a) Meaning of Ceramic (b) meaning and Types of clay (b) properties of clay (c) ceramic tools
7. Sculpture: (a) common tools and materials in sculpture (b) techniques of using sculpture tools.
8. (c) types of sculpture (metal, cement, wax, wood, pop, fibre glass, Terra cotta Theme: Art
Appreciation
9. Introduction to art appreciation: (a) the analysis and evaluation of works of art. (b) forms and their
suggestions (c) use of elements and principles of design.
10. Introduction to Art Appreciation: (d) composition in art works for harmony, (e) significance of
pictorial elements (f) terminologies in art (i.e.) art term (i) Applique, balance, calligraphy, cartoon, motif
etc.
11. introduction to computer Graphic(a) computer Hardware – the visible and tangible components of
the computer (b) computer software (c) the four basic mouse techniques – pointing, clicking, double
clicking, dragging.
12. Revision
13. Examination
WEEK 1
WEEK 2
Initiate drawing (Imaginative drawing), i.e. eye and hand coordination (b) shading techniques (hatching,
pointillism, blurring).
Content:
a. Initiative drawing
b. Shading techniques
Definition of two dimensional art: two dimensional art is any art work that has length and breath. It is
usually done on a flat surface. e.g. painting, drawing and graphic arts.
What is drawing?
- Drawing is a graphical language which can express our artistic ideas and knowledge.
- Drawing is the use of lines to express an idea on a flat surface (picture plane)
Drawing develops the power of observation automatically and the best model to work from is reality itself
(i.e.) real objects.
When drawing the eye of the artist or student focus upon the model and “touch” it’s surfaces.
With this power of observation communicating the information, requires the brain in turn to gives direction
to the hand holding the pencil. Through this direct study, the student comes to feel and understand the form
and structure of his/her model and gradually gains the ability to represent the subject in a drawing exercise.
ACTIVITY
Educator should place items in front of the students and encourage them to draw from it.
ASSIGNMENT
Every student should arrange a cup and battle and draw from it.
Note, educators should put into consideration the following:
(1) Source of light (2) proportion (3) space utility (4) shading technique and originally in their drawing.
Sub-Topic 2:
Shading techniques
Definition: Shading Techniques is a method or process of indicating or reflection light and shade in a drawing.
Definition
Tonal Gradation: This is the treatment of light and dark in a pictorial composition e.g light tones, mid-tone,
shade or dark-tone, reflected light and shadow etc. This treatment is called “Chiaroscuro”.
1. Hatching: this is a free stroke method of shading with lines in either vertical horizontal or slanting
directions to create form.
2. Cross hatching: this is a shading method that requires a combination of strokes vertical and horizontal
lines with adequate blending to create form in an object.
4. Blurring, smuggling, rubbing, sfumate: this is a shading method in which medium used (pencil) is
allowed to blend in tone grades by rubbing with the use of the finger or rag.
EVALUATION
1. Any art work done on a flat surface having length and breadth is known as _____
(a) 3 dimensional art (b) 4 dimensional art (c) 5 dimensional art (d) 2 dimensional art
(a) ______ develops the power of observation automatically (a) dancing (b) singing (c) drawing (d) stroking
(a) _____ is a graphical language which has an express of our ideas and knowledge (a) Dancing (b) Drawing
(c) Dimension (d) Coordination
(a) ______ is the treatment of light and dark in a pictorial composition e.g light tones, mid-tone, shade or
dark-tone, reflected light and shadow etc. (a) Light (b) Tonal gradation (c) Hatching (d) Smudging
WEEKEND ACTIVITY
1. Make a drawing of a pair of shoes and shade with any of the shading methods
Note: Educators should put into consideration the following:
(2) Proportion
REFERENCE TEXTS
1. A comprehensive approach to Creative Arts Schools and Colleges by H.O. Babatunde MSNA.
2. Cultural and Creative Arts made easy Text book by Ibrhaim Banjoko.
WEEK 3
SUB-TOPIC 1:
A. Definition: Still-Life drawing is the drawing that deals with drawing of inanimate objects (i.e.) lifeless
objects. It may involve manmade objects such as cutlery books, bottles, vases, cloth etc.
Note: Students should draw objects from direct observation in activity and identify forms, tones and texture
in still life object.
This refers to the study of natural things or objects i.e. things made by God and the scope covers things such
as trees, animals, fishes, plants and animals.
Note: Students should use lines, textures, form and shape and balance in nature drawing. Draw natural
objects.
SUB-TOPIC 2
LIFE DRAWING
OBJECTIVE: Define life drawing, define head length measurement, state various units of HLM. Apply HLM and
figure drawing.
Content
Life drawing: is drawing from a living being either passport size or full figure. Life drawing can also be referred
to as figures drawing.
Figure Segmented
The head length of a full adult is 7½ heads (seven and half) and the whole body can be sub-divided into four
regions using circles.
Total = 7½ heads
The head length measurement is a guide that helps the artist to draw a full standing figure in right
proportion. It starts from the top of the skull to the tip of the chin.
Note: teacher should give a practical demonstration on the white board and direct student on individual
basis.
Another approach to drawing a human being in action is the match stick approach.
Definition: Match Stick method of drawing a human being is using the skeletal movement to sketch the
figure in lines before putting the details.
Steps
(1) Observe the skeletal posture of the person or picture
(2) Draw the skeletal movement out in simple line to form a stick human.
(5) Put finishing touches on your drawing showing shading tones and stand.
Evaluation
3. Landscape Drawing: Landscape drawing is an outdoor drawing that involves scenery such as mangroves,
sea scape, streams, mountain views, fields, streets and houses etc
ACTIVITY
Teacher should note the good use of space, composition and perspective.
EVALUATION
(1) The head goes round the body ____ (a) 10 (b) 7½ (c) 9 (d) 8½
(2) _____ is an outdoor drawing (a) Hatching (b) still-life drawing (c) landscape drawing (d) cross-hatching
(3) The drawing from a living being is known as ____ drawing (a) figure or life (b) nature (c) still life (d) land
scape drawing
(4) ______ study helps the student to draw a human being in the right proportion. (a) landscape (b) head
length measurement (c) background (d) foreground
(5) Nature drawing involves the following except one (a) plants (b) animals (c) flowers (b) streets
(6) The drawing of inanimate objects is known as ____ (a) life drawing (b) still life drawing (c) nature
drawing (d) landscape drawing
Activity
Reference Text
WEEK 4
CONTENT:
(a)Varnishing point
(b)Foreshortening
(c) Picture plane
(d)Chiaroscuro
Art Terminologies are registered words used in arts. These are words we come across when reading or talking
about arts.
Two dimensional artworks has length and height only, it is usually done on a flat surface e.g. Painting graphic
works and drawing.
Three dimensional art are artworks that has length breath and height. It can also be referred to as sculpture
in the round.
(1)Varnishing: This is the distance possible at the horizon where objects seems so small that it can no longer be
seen by the eye. It is used in perspective.
(2) Medium: The materials, it could be solid or liquid with which art work is produced. Medium is
singular while media is plural.
(3) Chiaroscuro: an Italian word meaning light and dark. It simply means light fading into shades.
(4) Foreshortening: this is when a part of a person is stretched towards an observer; that part stretched forward
and nearer the part becomes bigger but shortened than normal size.
(5) Aerial view: this is the effect created when observing an object from above (i.e.) from air craft or tall building.
(6) Picture plane or picture space: the surface which houses the forms artist creates. A term used in textile
design
(9) Polychrome: this means multi-colour, it involves using more than one colour to paint.
(10) Canvas: suitable, thick treated or primed fabric used for painting.
(11) Design: the art of organizing lines, shapes motifs, symbols and colours to communicate ideas.
(1) Terracotta: this is a term used for sculpture made of fired or baked clay. etch
(2) Sculpture in the round: is another name for 3 – dimensional sculpture (i.e.) free standing sculptures.
(3) Green ware: a term used in ceramics for clay works (i.e.) dry pot that is not fired.
(4) Leather hard: a state of clay ware that is hard but not completely dry. A stage of attaching handles and other
appendages to the body of the object with slip.
(5) Mould: a hollowed form used in duplicating a shape a hollowed form usually made of iron and cement or
P.O.P in sculpture into which soft substances like molten metal or clay is poured to cool off or drained into a
desired shape.
(6) Bust: this is the modeled figure from the head to the shoulder or chest region.
(7) Casting: the process of reproducing sculptural piece through the use of a mould.
(8) POP or Gypsum plaster: plaster of Paris is a mineral (hydrated calcium sulphate) which sets to form a firm
block. It is used for modeling and casting.
EVALUATION
(1) When a painter paints in one colour and of different tones it means ____ (a) polychromatic (b)
Yellochrome (c) Monochrome (d) all of the above
(2) A hollow form used for duplicating a shape is _____ (a) cast (b) mould (c) drumming (d) shape
(3) Material used in making an art work is known as ____ (a) medal (b) media (c) cast (d) novel
(4) A modelled figure from the head to shoulder and chest region is known as _____ (a) bust (b) shoulder
(c) portracture (d) none of the above
(5) ______ is a surface used for painting (a) drum (b) canvas (c) shoe (d) cap
REFERENCE TEXT
WEEK 5
- Meaning of clay
- Meaning and Types of clay
- Properties of clay
- Ceramic tools
The Ceramics is derived from a Greek word “KERAMOS” meaning potter’s clay. It is the art of producing solid
wares for human utility. Ceramics is also known as pottery. It is a craft produce from clay. Clay is found in
different colors like white, red, grey, brown etc.
Meaning of Clay
Clay is an earthly plastic material that is formed from decomposed rock through weathering and found in
swampy area or riverbanks.
TYPES OF CLAY
There are basically two types of clay namely; primary and secondary clay.
i. Primary Clays are also called residual clay. These are clay found in site where they are formed. They are
free from impurities.
ii. Secondary Clays are also called transported clays. These are clay which are being transported from the
site of formation to another location through wind or erosion.
EVALUATION
1. Define ceramics.
2. State 2 types of clay.
PROPERTIES/CHARACTERISTICS OF CLAY
The clay required for molding must have the following properties:
1. Flexibility
2. Plasticity
3. Pliability
CERAMIC TOOLS
1. Potter’s wheel
2. Rolling pin
3. Kiln
4. Calipers
5. Sieve
6. Scoopers
7. Spatula
8. Scrappers
9. Sponge
10. Turn table
11. Glaze machine
EVALUATION
1. State 2 properties of clay.
2. Mention 2 ceramic tools
READING ASSIGNMENT
Charles G.T Omuaru (2002) Groundwork of Visual Art, A source Book pages 140-149
Bayo Okunlola et al (2009) Bounty Press Cultural And Creative Arts for the JSS 3 Pages 47-50
WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
1. The art of producing solid wares for human utility is known as (a) textile (b)graphics (c) ceramics
(d)craft
2. Another name for ceramics is ___ (a)pottery (b)kaolin (c)residual (d) lino
3. Which of these is not a ceramic tool? (a)potter’s wheel (b)scooper (c)mesh (d) sieve
4. One of these is not a property of clay (a) flexibility(b) immutability(c) plasticity(d) pliability
5. There are basically--------types of clay (a) 8 (b) 2 (c)5 (d) 3
ESSAY
1. Write note on the following
a. Pliability
b. Flexibility
c. Plasticity
WEEK 6
SUBJECT: VISUAL ART
CLASS: SS1
TOPIC: CERAMICS
CONTENT
- Methods of molding.
- Process of drying and firing.
METHODS OF MOLDING
I. Coiling method: Ropes like strands of clay are rolled out from the lump. These strands are then built up
in layers of coil. This is followed by a blending with fingers for a good finishing.
II. Throwing method: It involves the use of potter’s wheel. A ball of clay is placed on the centre of a
rotating wheel. An artistic press on the rotating clay produces a desired form.
III. Slab method: lumps of clay are flattened into a consistent thickness, it is then sliced into pieces and
fastened together to build the required shape.
IV. Casting method: oil is rubbed on the surface of the mould. Press clay on the surface of the mold and
allow to dry for a while after which you gently remove the mould to put finishing touches.
V. Pinch method: Also known as freehand. It is done by assembling pieces of clay together with the hands
create a form.
EVALUATION
1. Mention 3 methods of molding.
2. Explain casting technique.
WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
1. A technique in ceramics where lumps of clay are flattened into a consistent thickness and sliced into
pieces and fasten them together to build the required form is known as ___ method(a)coiling (b) slabbing
(c)pinch (d) casting
2. __ is known as freehand method. (a)throwing (b)pinch (c)casting (d)coiling
3. An unfired clay ware is known as __ (a)malware (b)green ware (c)biscuit ware (d)stone ware
4. __ is an oven where clay works are fired (a) incinerator (b)bakery (c)stove (d)kiln
5. Open firing is often done (a) on the field (b) in the pool (c) in the sky (d) on a table
ESSAY
Explain the following firing techniques
a. Open firing.
b. Electric firing.
WEEK 7 MID-TERM BREAK
WEEK: 8
SUBJECT: VISUAL ART
TOPIC: SCULPTURE
CONTENT: (i) Meaning of sculpture (ii) Types of sculpture (Metal, Cement, Wax, Wood, POP, Fiber Glass,
Ivory, clay) Sculpture tools and materials.
Sculpture is the art of producing figures in solid, round or in relief form. This form could be made from any
material that the sculptor is able to manipulate to give him a required result.
TYPES OF SCULPTURE
1. Metal Sculpture
2. Cement Sculpture
3. Wax Sculpture
4. Wood Sculpture
5. P.O.P Sculpture
6. Fiber Glass Sculpture
7. Clay Sculpture
1 MODELING: this is known as the ADDITIVE METHOD of sculpture. Is the art of moulding in clay and
papier-mâché
2 CARVING is a SUBTRACTIVE METHOD sculpture which deals with chipping or cutting away part of media
like wood, stone, ivory and bone to reveal a fine desired image.
SUB-TOPIC 2:
SCULPTURE TOOLS AND MATERIALS
I. Spatula
II. Caliper
III. Clay
IV. Plasticine
V. Papier-mâché
VI. Mortar and pestle
VII. Wire
VIII. Knife
IX. Bronze
X. Fiber glass
XI. Armature
XII. Adze
XIII. Chisel
XIV. Mallet
XV. Iron rod
EVALUATION
1. State the uses of the following tools
a. Mallet
b. Armature
c. Mortar and pestle
d. Caliper
READING ASSIGNMENT
H.O Babatunde (1999) A Comprehensive Approach to Creative Arts for schools and colleges. Pages 92-94
WEKEND ASSIGNMENT
1. ___ is the art of making solid figures (a) ceramics (b) sculpture (c) craft (d) textile
2. One of the following is not a sculpture material. (a) spatula (b) armature (c) iron rod (d) T-square
3. Whic5h of these tools is used for carving? (a) chisel (b) wire (c)caliper (d) bronze
4. Armature serves as ___ to sculpture work (a) base (b)weight (c)design (d) reinforcement
5. ___ are used for pounding to recycle used clay. (a) mortar and pestle (b) spatula (c) user1mallet (d)
caliper
6. One is true of the definition of Sculpture (a) It is the act of producing figures in solid form (b) It is
universal language (c) It is a basic unit of measurement (d) It is an act of creating tonal effect in an object
7. One is not true of Types of Sculpture (a) Metal Sculpture (b) Wood Sculpture (c) P.O.P Sculpture (d)
Maize Sculpture
8. Which of this not true of the tools used in Sculpture (a) Chisel (b) Sand paper (c) Mallet (d) Tissue Paper
9. Another name for Carving is -------------- (a) Subtractive method (b) Administrative method (c) Additive
method (d) Meditative method
10. Another name for Modeling is -----------------(a) Additive Method (b) Subtractive Method (c)
Administrative Method (d) Contrasting Method
WEEK 9
CLASS: SS1
CONTENT
Sub – Topic 1
Art appreciation simply refers to the aesthetic values placed on a work of art. A work of art is highly
appreciated when it possesses the attributes of a masterpiece i.e un-debatable greatness in character and
execution.
However, since beauty lies in the eye of every beholder or viewer, the level of appreciation differs from one
set of people to the other.
Sub topic 2
In contemporary times, analysis and assessment of art works be it drawing, painting or sculpture are being
carried out by professionals. It is usually a rigorous and critical attempt which determines the level of
greatness in a work of art. When elements and principles of art and design are properly harnessed in a work
of art, the results are always appreciable.
Sub topic 3
Often times, works of art can be appreciated through exhibitions, gallery shows, museums, studios, school art
competition etc.
EVALUATION
CONTENT
a. Computer Hardware
b. Computer Software
c. The 4 basic mouse techniques
Monitor
Systems Unit
Printer
Keyboard
Mouse
Scanner
POINTING: By moving the mouse around on the display unit to a particular object will make
the point to the object of interest.
CLICKING: Pointing to an item and quickly pressing and releasing the mouse button.
TYPES OF CLICKING:
LEFT CLICKING: Clicking the button while the pointer is over an object on the screen will
select it.
RIGHT CLICKING: Clicking the right button while the pointer is over an object on the
screen will bring up a context sensitive menu of options.
DOUBLE CLICKING: Double clicking means clicking twice with your left mouse button very
fast.
DRAGGING AND DROPING: It is holding down the mouse button while over an object will
grab on to it. If you move the mouse while holding down the mouse button you will be able to
move (drag) the object to a new place on the screen.
EVALUATION
1. What is computer Hardware
2. Mention FIVE Computer Hardware
3. What is System Unit
4. Mention FOUR Mouse Techniques
GENERAL EVALUATION
1. A set of instructions that control the operations of the computer is called (a) application
software (b) unity program (c) software (d) backup program
2. The program that directs and controls the operations of the computer hardware and
connected devices is known as. (a) system software (b) application software (c) control
software (d) Unity Software
3. One of these is not a basic mouse techniques (a) pointing (b) Clicking (c) double clicking
(d) hand clinic
4. An input device that is responsible for the coping of images in Graphics, translating it
into a form that the computer can store and manipulate is called (a) scanner (b) printing (c)
laminating machine (d) diskettes
5 One of these is not true of computer hardware. (a) computer (b) monitor (c) unit system
(d) film
ASSIGNMENT
WEEK 11