Clean Water and Sanitation

The UN Sustainable Development Goals

Which Places Are Affected By This
Goal and Why?
World Water
India
Unequal distribution, contamination of
water sources, inadequate sanitation
infrastructure.
High levels of groundwater
contamination in various regions,
including arsenic and fluoride
contamination. The Ganges River faces
pollution issues.
Which Processes Are Causing The
Issue?
Current Situation
66% of water resources are abstracted.
Approximately 31% of India’s water resources originate in neighboring countries.
By 2030, India’s water demand will be twice the available supply, leaving millions of
people without access to safe and clean water.
Irrigation accounts for 90% of all freshwater.
Over 60% of the withdrawals are from surface water.
Generally conveyed through extensive canals in the Ganges Basin in the states of
Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Haryana, and Bihar.
Water Quantity In Ganges Basin
66%
one of theof
mainwater resources are abstracted.
Per capital annual freshwater The Ganges Water Sharing
grain exporting
countries availability (1,427 m3) is lower Treaty between India and
Approximately
huge population 31%than of
the India’s
Falkenmark water resources
threshold originate
Bangladesh,in
expire in 2026
neighboring
which is slated to countries
for water stress

By 2030, India’s water demand will be twice the available supply, leaving millions of
people without
Groundwater is an open- access to safe and clean water.
access resource and anyone The groundwater
Overexploition will be used up in
Irrigation
can pump accounts
water from
his or her own land
under forof90% of all
groundwater freshwater
2030

Over 60% of the withdrawals are from surface water.

Generally
Increase of 1–4 °C conveyed through extensive canals in the Ganges Basin in the states of
between
Uttar2010 and 2050
Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh,
Global warming Haryana, and
Drought Bihar.
in Ganges basin
Source of Ganges River
Glacier melting
Potential fresh water decrease
Upcoming results: shorter rainy season and
longer dry season (monsoons provide 60 to
90 percent of annual precipitation)
Drought
River base flow rate has declined 59 percent
over the past few decades in some of its
lower reaches
Water Quality of Ganges River
Fluoride can be found in excess of WHO
guidelines in nearly half of India’s districts
and has been implicated in fluorosis
afflicting over 60 million people.
Concentrations of numerous pesticides,
including malathion, are several times higher
than WHO guideline limits for drinking
water in the lower reaches of the Ganges
Basin in West Bengal.
Organochlorine pesticides constitute up to
70% of all pesticides used.
Serious threats to water quality, neurotoxic.
Which Groups Have Power Over the
Goal Being Achieved?
Ministry of Jal Shakti
Department of Drinking Water & Sanitation
Namami Gange Programme

Aim: Rejuvenate the Ganges River and its tributaries

Time: May 2015

Treatments: Sewage treatment plants, riverfront

development, and initiatives to promote public
awareness

Jal Jeevan Mission

Time: August 2019

Details: Providing piped water supply to all rural

households by 2024, development of water
infrastructure
Ministry of Jal Shakti
Department of Drinking Water & Sanitation
Namami Gange Programme

Aim: Rejuvenate the Ganges River and its tributaries

Time: May 2015

Treatments: Sewage treatment plants, riverfront

development, and initiatives to promote public awareness

Jal Jeevan Mission

Aim:

Time: August 2019

Details: Providing piped water supply to all rural

households by 2024, development of water infrastructure
Ministry of Jal Shakti
Department of Drinking Water & Sanitation
Namami Gange Programme

Aim: Rejuvenate the Ganges River and its tributaries

Time: May 2015

Treatments: Sewage treatment plants, riverfront

development, and initiatives to promote public awareness

Jal Jeevan Mission

Aim:

Time: August 2019

Details: Providing piped water supply to all rural

households by 2024, development of water infrastructure
Ministry of Jal Shakti
Department of Drinking Water & Sanitation
Namami Gange Programme

Aim: Rejuvenate the Ganges River and its tributaries

Time: May 2015

Treatments: Sewage treatment plants, riverfront

development, and initiatives to promote public awareness

Jal Jeevan Mission

Aim:

Time: August 2019

Details: Providing piped water supply to all rural

households by 2024, development of water infrastructure
Local Municipalities and Authorities
Urban Sanitation and Waste Management

Time: 2021-2022

Implement waste segregation, achieving 30%

reduction in solid waste sent to landfill by the end of
2021

Constructed two new sewage treatment plants with a

combined capacity of 50 million liters per day,
improving water quality in the local water bodies.

Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) Programs

Launched a CLTS campaign in collaboration with

local NGOs, resulting in 90% of households in
targeted areas building and using toilets, leading to
the declaration of open-defecation-free status in 20
localities.
What Are The Possibilities Targeted By
The Goal By 2023?
What Has India Done?
Leveling land and tapping rainwater in small ponds
created by building small dams in the streams (called
check dams).

India’s eleventh five-year plan (2007–12) covered

some 15 mh with watershed development, and many
NGO-led efforts have shown the program’s success.

Transformation of the village of Ralegan Siddhi in

Maharashtra

Rajendra Singh’s contribution

Has built over 100,000 check dams

What Has India Done?
India can focus on advanced technologies for efficient
wastewater treatment, promote the use of eco-friendly
and sustainable practices in industries and agriculture,
enforce and update environmental regulations, invest in
research for innovative pollution control methods, and
educate the public about water conservation and
pollution prevention. Additionally, fostering
international collaborations for knowledge exchange
and support in addressing water pollution challenges
can be beneficial.