University of Belgrade

Faculty of Civil Engineering

Chair for Materials and Structures

CONCRETE
SUSTAINABILITY
Nikola Tošić
ntosic@imk.grf.bg.ac.rs
Greetings from Serbia...

Serbia
...and Belgrade!
University of Belgrade
Founded in 1808,
it consists of:

• 31 faculties,
• 11 research institutes,
• 8 centres and libraries

• 432 study programmes,

• 94.500 students,
• 6.200 academic staff
Faculty of
Civil Engineering
Founded in 1846, as an
engineering school

• 2.000 studets,
• 160 academic staff

• Structural engineering,
• Project management,
• Hydraulic engineering,
• Environmental engineering,
• Infrastructure
CONCRETE STRUCTURES
RESEARCH TEAM

▸ prof. Snežana Marinković, PhD

▸ ass. prof. Ivan Ignjatović, PhD
▸ Nikola Tošić
▸ Jelena Dragaš
▸ Vedran Carević

VISION:
A sustainable development of society
with rational use of scarce resources

MISSION:
Investigate the possibilites of using
recycled and waste materials in
structural concrete composites
SUSTAINABILITY?
or
ECONOMY ECOLOGY SOCIETY
SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT?
THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IS RESPONSIBLE
FOR THE GLOBAL ANNUAL CONSUMPTION OF:

40%
Of raw stone, gravel and sand
40%
Of energy

25%
Of virgin wood
16%
Of water
GLOBAL ANNUAL PRODUCTION OF
CONCRETE IS:

20 billion tons
Or 8 billion cubic meters
CONCRETE COMPOSITION

Aggregates
Cement

Concrete

Materials for 1 m3 of Concrete

Sand Gravel
Cement Water
(0-4 mm) (4-32 mm)

Amount 300– 100– 600- 1.000-

kg/m3 400 200 800 1.200

Water
THE ENVIRONMENTAL BURDEN OF CONCRETE
DURING ITS LIFE CYCLE
1 m3 = 300 kg
Of concrete Of CO2(-eq.)
Taking into account global annual production, this is LCA

4.4% ISO 14040:2006

Of all CO2 emissions!

90 %
Of this is due to
cement production!

CaCO3 + heat → CaO + CO2

CEMENT PRODUCERS
2013 2014
Rank Country
production (Mt) production (Mt)

1 China 2420 2500

2 India 280 280

3 USA 77.4 83.3

4 Iran 72.0 75.0

5 Turkey 71.3 75.0

Capacity No. of
Rank Company Country
(Mt/year) plants

1 LafargeHolcim Switzerland 286.66 164

2 Anhui Conch China 217.20 32

3 CNBM (Sinoma) China 176.22 94

4 HeidelbergCement Germany 121.11 79

5 Cemex Mexico 87.09 56

WHAT HAPPENS TO OLD CONCRETE STRUCTURES?

Usually designed for a service life of 50-100 years

After this period they are demolished

This generates Construction and Demolition (C&D) waste

In the EU alone 850 million tons of C&D waste annually!

This waste is still mostly being landfilled
 Problem

Solution

Action
THANKS FOR YOUR
ATTENTION!

You can find me at

ntosic@imk.grf.bg.ac.rs