MODULE 11 : HAVING + PAST PARTICIPLE

LÝ THUYẾT TRỌNG TÂM

1. Perfect gerund (Danh động từ hoàn thành)
Danh động từ hoàn thành được thành lập bởi : having + past participle.
- Danh động từ hoàn thành được dùng thay cho hình thức hiện tại của danh động từ khi chúng ta đề cập đến
một hành động trong quá khứ.
Ex : He was accused of deserting his ship
He was accused of having deserted his ship
She apologized for not having finished the project.
 Lưu ý: Perfect gerund giữ chức năng như danh động từ hoặc cụm danh từ
- Danh động từ hoàn thành thường được dùng sau deny.
Ex : He denied having been there. (Anh ta phủ nhận đã có mặt ở đấy.)
2.Perfect participle (Phân từ hoàn thành)
Phân từ hoàn thành được thành lập bởi having + past participle.
- Phân từ hoàn thành có thể được dùng thay cho hiện tại phân từ trong câu có hai hành động ngắn xảy ra liên
tiếp nhau của cùng một chủ từ (hành động trong mệnh đề phân từ hoàn tất trước khi hành động trong mệnh
đề chính bắt đầu) hay nói cách khác khi một hành động xảy ra trước một hành động khác hoặc nhấn mạnh sự
hoàn thành của một hành động, chúng ta dùng perfect participle cho hành động đầu tiên
Ex : Having tied/ Tying one end of the rope to his bed, he threw the other end out of the window.
Having taken off/ Taking off his shoes, Ray walked into the house.
Finishing my homework, I went to bed=
Having finished my homework, I went to bed: Sau khi đã làm xong bài tập tôi đi ngủ.
+ Câu thứ hai nhấn mạnh việc đi ngủ chỉ xảy ra sau khi đã làm xong bài tập.
I approve of helping the poor.
I approve of having helped the poor.
+ Câu thứ hai diễn tả ý giúp đỡ người nghèo này đã xảy ra rồi
Tuy nhiên chúng ta thường dùng phân từ hoàn thành khi
Hành động trong mệnh đề chính là kết quả của sự kiện trong mệnh đề phân từ
Ex: Having broken her leg the last time she went, Brenda decided not to go on the school skiing trip this
year or [ After breaking her leg…; NOT Breaking her leg…]
 Lưu ý : chúng ta có thể dùng After v-ing thay cho have + participle trong cấu trúc
trên
Ex: Having broken her leg the last time she went = After breaking her leg …
- Hành động đầu tiên kéo dài trong một khoảng thời gian.
Ex: Having repaired the car, Tom took it out for a road test. ([NOT Repairing the car…]
- Việc dùng hiện tại phân từ có thể gây nhầm lẫn.
Ex: Reading the instructions, he snatched up the fire extinguisher.
→ có thể làm cho người đọc hiểu rằng hai hành động này xảy ra đồng thời. Trường hợp này , chúng ta nên
dùng phân từ hoàn thành.
Ex: Having read the instructions, he snatched up the fire extinguisher.
- Nếu một hành động xảy ra gần như cùng một lúc (ranh giới thời gian không rõ rệt), thay vì dùng Perfect
gerund thì chúng ta có thể dùng Present participle cho hành động đầu tiên.
Ex: Taking a key out of his pocket, he opened the door
BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following
questions
1. After he had finished his work, he went home.
A. After have finished his work, he went home.
B. Having finished his work, he went home.
C. After have finishing his work, he went home.
D. Have finished his work, he went home
2. _______________ the desalination plant, the company could offer an effective solution to
the problem of water scarcity.
A. Being built B. Having been built C. To build D. Having built
3. The public praised the local farmers for _______________ millions of trees of the
surrounding hills.
A. being planting B. having planted C. plant D. being planted
4. ________________ the university entrance examination, Susan phoned her family.
A. Taken B. To be taking C. Having taken D. Having been taken
5. ________________Ann by phone, James decided to email her.
A. Having failed to contact B. Having failed contacting
C. He failed to contect D. That he failed contacting
6. ________________ high school, Nam attended a university in the city centre.
A. Having finished B. To have finished
C. Having been finishedD. To finish
7. ____________classical dance for five years, Akiko finally felt ready___________in public.
A. Studying/ to be performed B. To study/ performed
C. Being studied/ having performed D. Having studied/ to perform
8. _______________a hotel, we looked for somewhere to have dinner.
A. Finding B. We found C. Found D. Having found
9. _________________their work, the workers expected to be paid.
A. being finished B. to finish C. Having finished D. finishing
10.________________ you to the job, he felt calm.
A. Appointed B. Appoint C. Having appointed D. To appoint
11.________________ in dark colors, the room needed some bright lights.
A. Painting B. To have painted
C. Having been painted D. To have been painted
12._______________only three hours, I can hardly focus on my work.
a.Having slept b. was slept c. slept d. sleeping
13._______________ this movie last week, I still wanted to see it again.
a.Having seen b. had seen c. was seen d. seeing
14.Are you sure you told me? I don’t recall _______________ about it.
a.Having told b. having been told c. to have told d. to have been told
15.Tome made a bad mistake at work, but his boss didn’t fire him. He is happy about
_______________a second chance.
a.Giving b. having been given
c. to have been given d. to give
16.When I called them, they didn’t answer. They pretended _______________already.
a.To sleep b. sleeping
c. having slept d. to have been sleeping
17._________ the report to the manager, she decided to take a rest.
A. Having handed in B. Handed in C. To hand in D. Being handed in
18.They now regret ______ their son by providing too many material possessions.
A. having spoiled B. to have spoiled B. having been spoiled D. to have been spoiled
19.But after _______________ it over, I decided to laugh at myself and just join anyway.
a.Having thought b. I have thought c. thought d. to have thought
20.Mary said, “ I regret _______________him earlier in my life.”
a.To meet b. not having met c. to have met d. at meeting
21.Martin denied _______________the accused man on the day of the crime.
a.To see b. of having seen c. to have seen d. having seen
22._______________ from the horseback, he was taken to hospital and had an operation.
a.When falling b. as he was fallen c. after having fallen d. to fall
23._______________ for twelve hours, I felt marvelous.
a. Having slept b. have slept
c. Having been slept d. have been slept
24.By the time their baby arrives, the Johnson hope ____________ painting and decorating the
new nursery.
a. having finished b. to have finished
c. having been finished d. to have been finished
25.She's angry about ____________ to the farewell party last night.
a. not having invited b. not to have invited
c. not having been invited d. not to have been invited
26."After her partner had uninstalled a program, he restarted the computer." has the closest
meaning to_______________.
A. After had uninstalled a program, her partner restarted the computer,
B. Had uninstalled a program, her partner restarted the computer.
C. Having uninstalled a program, her partner restarted the computer.
D. After uninstalled a program, her partner restarted the computer
27.Your receptionnist talked to me after _______________ with some other customers.
A. have dealt B. having dealt C. dealt D. having dealing
28.The police suspected that strange van driver of _______________ and eaten many wild
animals.
A. hunting B. hunted C. having hunted D. had hunted
29._______________ the bottles, Mike poured the drinks for everyone.
a.To open b. to have opened c. being opened d. having opened
30.Mr. Lee was upset by _______________the truth.
a.Not having been told b. us not to tell him
c. He hadn’t been told d. being not told
31._______________all the papers already, Sarah put them back in the file.
A. To have photocopied b. to photocopy
C. Photocopying d. having photocopied
32.George mentioned _______________ in an accident as a child, but he never told us the
details.
A. Having injured b. having been injured
C. To have injured d. to have been injured
33.Tom was accused _______________some top secret document.
a.To steal b. of having stolen c. for stealing d. to have stolen
34.We decided not to travel, _______________ the terrible weather forecast.
a. having heard b. to have heard
c. having been heard d. to have been heard
35.I don't recall _______________him at the conference.
a. having seen b. to have seen c. having been seen d. to have been seen
36._______________in dark colors, the room needed some bright lights.
a. Having painted b. To have painted
c. Having been painted d. To have been painted
37.The stockbroker denied _______________ of the secret business deal.
a. having informed b. to have informed
c. having been informed d. to have been informed
38.They now regret _______________ their son by providing too many material possessions.
a. having spoiled b. to have spoiled
c. having been spoiled d. to have been spoiled
39.________________ to the party, we could hardly refuse to go.
a. Having invited b. To have invited
c. Having been invited d. To have been invited
40.Tom made a bad mistake at work, but his boss didn't fire him. He's lucky ____________ a
second chance.
a. having given b. to have given
c. having been given d. to have been given
41.Are you sure you told me? I don't recall ________________about it.
a. having told b. to have told c. having been told d. to have been told
42._______________UNESCO criteria for outstanding universal value to humanity, Trang An
Scenic Landscape Complex was added to the World Heritage List in 2014.
A. Meeting B. Met C. To meet D. Having met
43._______________the email - supposedly from Boyd's Bank - to be genuine, she was tricked
into disclosing her credit card details.
A. Believe B. Being believed C. To believe D. Believing
44.On_______________he had won, he jumped for joy.
A. he was told B. having told C. being toldD.get fined
45._______________the distance was too far and the time was short, we decided to fly there
instead of going there by train.
A. To discover B. Discovered C. To have discovered D. Discovering
46._______________every major judo title, Mark retired from international competition.
A. When he won B. Having won C. On winning D. Winning
47._______________for 4 hours, they decided to stop to have lunch at a cheap restaurant.
A. Having been walked B. Having walked
C. Walking D. Walked
48._______________ , Joe was annoyed to find that he had left his key at the coffee shop.
A. After returned to his office B. To have just returned to his office
C. Upon returning to his office D. Having been returned to his office
49.________________the instruction, he snatched up the fire extinguisher.
A. Read B. Having read C.Being read D.Being done
50.________________the instruction, he snatched up the fire extinguisher.
A. Read B. Having read C.Being read D.Being done
51. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct
answer to each of the following questions. ( Reduction Relative Clauses )
52. Question 1. Half the people _____said they would pay
more for environmentally friendly food.
53.
A. polled B. polling C. who polled D. to poll
54. Question 2. the door, I saw a luxurious car.
55.
A. Opened B. I opened C. Opening D. Upon opened
56. Question 3. I come from a city _ located in the
southern part of the country.
57.
A. locate B. which located C. locating D. located
58. Question 4. When in a proper way, the
Internet is a great way to obtain useful information.
59.
A. use B. using C. used D. to use
60. Question 5. She’s much into a novel by
Han Mac Tu.
61.
A. write B. written C. writing D. which written
62. Question 6. He is the only student in
the class _ the tricky question.
63.
A. answer B. answered C. who answer D. to answer
64. Question 7. The two men _ by the police were released
today.
65.
A. arrested B. arresting C. arrest D. to arrest
66. Question 8. The house _ in red is where John lives.
67.
A. paint B. painted C. to paint D. painting
68. Question 9. Although about work, he refused the idea of
giving up.
69.
A. stress B. stressing C. stressed D. which was stressed
70. Question 10. The house in the storm has now been
rebuilt.
71.
A. destroyed B. destroying C. which destroyed D. that is destroyed
72. Question 11. Once into different languages, the
novel will gain special attention from potential readers.
73.
A. translate B. translated C. being translate D. to translate
74. Question 12. After breakfast with her children, she
started to prepare for lunch.
75.
A. being had B. having had C. have D. had
76.
77. Question 13. I have a message for
people by the traffic chaos.
A. to delay B. who delay C. delayed D. delaying
78. Question 14. Melanie was the only
person a letter of thanks.
A. wrote B. written C. to write D. writing
79. Question 15. If _ to the zoo, our children will be very happy.
80.
A. take B. to take C. taking D. taken
81. Question 16. The drug from the bark of the cinchona
tree, is native to South America.
82.
A. derived B. to derive C. deriving D. which derived
83.___________________________________________Question 17. Front-line workers their life to
treating the Covid-19 patients need to be
84. given much more attention from the public.
85.
A. devote B. devoting C. devoted D. who is devoted
86. Question 18. If _ during the pandemic, schools
need to be fully prepared for online courses.
87.
A. close B. closed C. closing D. is closed
88. Question 19. The online conference
 to the reinvestment of profit was
disrupted by the system crash.
89.
A. relating B. related C. to relate D. which relate
90. Question 20. The contraction in China is the starkest economic sign of the damage
by the pandemic.
91.
A. caused B. causing C. to cause D. which caused
92. Question 21. Those in taking this online course should
contact me at 555-4573.
93.
A. interesting B. who is interested C. who interested D. interested
94. Question 34. The virus from Wuhan (China) killed
millions of people in the world just in five months.
95.
A. emerged B. emerge C. which emerging D. emerging
96. Question 35. Toxic chemicals _ into the seas
pose a risk to the public health.
97.
A. release B. released C. to release D. which released