Fishing Industry---- Key

May/June/19
1.(a)(i)
• Jiwani
• Gwadar
• Pasni
• Ormara
• Sonmiani
• Karachi / Keamari. [2]
2a(ii)• Fish waste for fertilizer
• Money / income / export / selling;
• Fish waste for poultry feed / livestock fodder;
• Oil / oil extracted (to provide a source of nutrition – vitamins A & D) / medicines;
• Food supply / white meat / consumption / eating / healthy food. [2]
2a(iii) Fish that is caught and sold for profit is known as commercial fishing. Many families
depend on this type of fishing as their sole source of income. Fish
that is caught by the family for their own consumption is known as subsistence fishing. Many
people who live near the coast rely on fish as the main component of their diet. [2]

2a (iv) • Traditional sailboats / wooden sailboats / small sailboats;

• Traditional small (rope / hand crafted) fishing nets used cannot go deep / surface fishing only
catch small amount of fish;
• Fishing rods / lines (with hooks) / fishing poles;
• Trawlers / gill netters / mechanised boats / boats with engines;
• Modern boats can go further out up to 50–60 kms from the coast;
• Stay at sea for 5–15 days / one to three weeks;
• Traditional sailboats do not go far from coast;
• Radar system / sonar / radios / navigation equipment / fish finders;
• Large (nylon / rope) nets which go deep into the sea and catch a large amount of fish / gill nets;
• Dynamite / bombs / explosives. [3]
2b (i) A fish farm is a (rectangular) artificial pool / pond made for breeding / growing fish. [1]

2b (ii) • Rectangular / square / circular ponds;

• Man-made / made by humans;
• Concrete or cemented impervious base;
• Side is edged with solidified mud / edged with concrete;
• Trees planted round the fish farm. [2]
2b (iii)

[3]
2(c) Water pollution; from spillage of oil from the fishing boats (dev);
• Overfishing; removes young fish and causes a reduction in species (dev);
• Threat to mangroves; die in polluted water so breeding grounds for many fish are lost / habitats
lost (dev);
• Damage to ecosystem / ecology; food chains disrupted / species become endangered / extinct
(dev);
• Air pollution; from trawlers releasing fumes / named fumes, e.g. carbon dioxide into air (dev);
• Nets / anchors / dynamite fishing; damage / erode sea bed / corals (dev);
• Using illegal nets; removes young fish (dev);
• Fish farming; chemicals run off into soils / water leading to eutrophication (dev);
• Propeller blades; damage / kill fish (near surface) (dev);
Etc.
Note: One mark for identification of appropriate idea and a further mark for development (in
parentheses).
Note: Max. 2 marks if no development. [4]
2d. Levels marking
No valid response 0
Level 1 1–2
Simple point referring to any view (1)
Simple points referring to any view (2)
Level 2 3–4
Developed point referring to one view only (3)
Developed points referring to both views (4)
Level 3 5–6
Developed points referring to both views with evaluation or relevant example
(5)
Developed points referring to both views with evaluation and relevantexample
Content Guide
Answers are likely to refer to:
Developing inland fish farming
• Greater return to fishermen / fishing industry;
• Increased employment;
• Use of technology and upgrading of skills will ensure increased fishproduction;
• Favourable impact on foreign exchange earnings;
• Reduces burden on crop and livestock;
Etc.
Developing the marine fishing industry
• Improved facilities are being developed along the coast for preservation
and storage;
• Almost all communities along the coast of Balochistan depend on
fishing for their livelihood;
• Infrastructure facilities provided at Gwadar, Ormara and Pasni;
• Ice factories and cold storage developed at Gwadar;
• One fish harbour has been constructed at Pasni;
• Could set up fish processing for further employment opportunities /potential to catch a lot of
fish [6]
2.i) Name two types of fish caught in each of Pakistan’s marine waters and inland waters.
marine fish:
catfish / croaker / drum / herring / mackerel / pomfret / (sting)ray / sardine / shark / skate / tuna
inland fish:
carp / catfish / manaseer (mahseer) / palla/rahu (rohu) / trout /
thalla (thela/catla) / tilapia
ii) Fish are used for food. State two other uses of fish.
• • to sell/for income/to make a profit/for export
• • oil extraction/fish oil
• • source of vitamin A and D
• • to make medicines/cosmetics
• • (uses of fish waste) e.g. to make fertiliser and poultry feed/livestock fodder/fish glue
• • to keep as a pet/a hobby/for relaxation

iii) Explain two improvements made in fish processing techniques in Pakistan. You
should develop your answer.
• • freezers and/or cold storage have been added to fishing boats; so the fish stays fresh if
the boats stay longer at sea
• • cleaning and packaging the fish; improves hygiene and makes it safe for
transportation/adding to the value of the products
• • processing fish into products such as fillets/fish fingers/fish meal for animal feed; is
becoming more common and adds value
• • manual labour is replaced by machines to speed up processing; and helps reach
quality control/standardisation
• • more processing plants have been built/more methods of preserving fish have been
introduced; ice factories have been created to chill the fish / drying, curing, salting, canning,
irradiating or freezing means fish can be transported to markets further away
• • canning is used to preserve fish; increasing demand for fish locally and internationally;
so they aren’t spoiled and keep their flavour
• • freezers/cold storage facilities have been developed; to ensure that fish is kept fresh
before being transported to other parts of the country or exported
• • improved hygiene standards/sanitation introduced; so that food handlers are working
within regulations; workers should be wearing gloves/hair
iv) Sustainable fishing means protecting habitats and species of fish, leaving enough for
future generations.
Evaluate the potential for the further sustainable development of the fishing industry in
Pakistan. Give reasons to support your judgement and refer to examples you have
studied. You should consider different points of view in your answer.
Levels marking
No valid response 0
Level 1 1–2
Simple point referring to one view (1)
Simple points referring to any view (2)
Level 2 3–4
Developed point referring to one view only (3)
Developed points referring to both views or developed point and a relevant example (4)
Level 3 5–6
Developed points referring to both views with evaluation or relevant
example (5)
Developed points referring to both views with evaluation and relevant
example (6)
Content guide
Potential for the further sustainable development of the fishing industry includes:
• • fishing is passed down through generations, a sustainable skill
• • modern fishing techniques can be introduced to improve the fish catch without
overfishing or harming the environment
• • protection/replanting of mangroves as they are breeding grounds for fish
• • reducing water pollution/regulations to control dumping of waste/cleaning up existing
pollution/using newer boats which rarely leak oil, etc.
• • further improvements could be made to fish processing to ensure that canning factories
meet international hygiene standards so that more fish can be exported
• • fish processing could provide employment opportunities
• • fisheries are the most important economic activity in Gwadar, more than half the
workforce is involved
Challenges for the further sustainable development of the fishing industry include:
• • it is already a major industry in coastal areas, less potential to involve more of the
population - inland fish farms tend to be small, are subsistence/do not produce much profit
• • it would be too expensive to implement regulations to ensure canning/processing
meets international standards
• • many fishermen use traditional methods/cannot afford modern
methods/machinery/may not be able to access finance e.g. loans
• • further training/education to adopt sustainable methods
• • cost of cleaning polluted water/enforcing pollution regulations/controlling damage to
mangroves is prohibitively high for individuals/government