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02강.

부정사 필기노트

2강. 부정사

1. 명사적 용법: 문장에서 주어, 보어, 목적어로 쓰이며 ‘~하는 것’, ‘~하기’로 해석한다.

(1) 주어
-To know is one thing, to practice is another.
-To come to class on time is important.
→ It is important to come to class on time. (It = to come to class on time)

(2) 주격 보어
-His goal is to get good grades.
-My ambition is to be a great scientist.

(3) 타동사의 목적어: agree, decide, expect, choose, manage 등의 목적어로 쓰인다.
-He decided to stay here.
-She promised to come.
-I make it a rule to get up at six every morning.

*「it ~ to부정사」 구문
문장의 주어나 목적어가 to부정사일 경우 to부정사 대신 가주어 또는 가목적어 it을 쓰고 to
부정사는 후치시킨다.
-진주어 구문
To live without water is impossible = It is impossible to live without water.
-진목적어 구문: make, believe, consider, find, think 등의 동사와 주로 쓰임.
I thought it my duty to support my family.

*의문사+to부정사
「의문사+주어+should[could]+동사원형」으로 바꿔 쓸 수 있다.
-what+to부정사: 무엇을 ~할지
-how+to부정사: ~하는 방법
-when+to부정사: 어디로 ~할지
-where+to부정사: 어디로 ~할지
I don’t know how to persuade her.
=I don’t know how I could persuade her.
02강. 부정사 필기노트

2. 형용사적 용법

(1) 한정적 용법 (명사 수식)


-He has made a promise to buy the tickets. <명사가 to부정사와 동격>
-Let’s buy something to eat. <명사가 to부정사의 의미상 목적어>
-The coat has no pockets to put things in <명사가 「to부정사+전치사」의 의미상 목적어>

(2) 서술적 용법 (주격 보어)

a. be to부정사

가능: ~할 수 있다 Not a star is to be seen in the sky.


운명: ~할 운명이다 They were never to meet again.
의무: ~해야만 한다 You are to finish your homework before you play.
예정: ~하기로 되어 있다 The mayor is to make a speech tomorrow.
의도: ~하려면 If you are to get pearls, you must dive deep in the sea.

b. seem[appear]+to부정사 (~인 것 같다) / turn out[prove]+to부정사(~로 판명되다)


get[grow / come] +to부정사(~하게 되다)
-She seems to be happy. = It seems that she is happy.
-He has come to know about it.
02강. 부정사 필기노트

3. 부사적 용법

~하기 위해
목적 He stood up to see his son better.
(=in order to, so as to)

감정의 원인 ~하니, ~해서 She was surprised to hear the news.

~해보니 –하다 The boy grew up to be a judge.


결과 ~해서 –하다 He left his home, never to reture.
결국 ~하고 말았다 (only to-) She worked hard, only to fail.
He must be out of his mind to act in that
이유, 판단의 근거 ~하다니
way.
To hear him speak French, you would
조건 ~한다면
take him for a native.

형용사 수식 ~하기(에) That student is very difficult to teach.

cf. 목적을 나타내는 to부정사 구문의 문장 전환


목적을 나타내는 to부정사 = so as to+동사원형 = in order to+동사원형
=in order that+주어+동사= so that+주어+동사
I turned off the TV to not disturb my sister.
=I turned off the TV in order [so as] not to disturb my sister.
=I turned off the TV in order that I wouldn’t disturb my sister.
=I turned off the TV so that I wouldn’t disturb my sister.
02강. 부정사 필기노트

4. to부정사의 의미상 주어: to부정사의 동작과 상태의 주체를 의미상 주어라 한다.

(1) 의미상 주어를 따로 표시하지 않는 경우


① 문장의 주어와 같은 경우: I want to play soccer.
② 문장의 목적어와 같은 경우: I want you to do it at once.
③ 일반적인 사람이 주어인 경우: It is foolish to waste time on trifles.

(2) 의미상의 주어를 표시하는 경우


① to부정사의 동작 주체가 문장의 주어나 목적어와 다른 경우 대부분 「for+목적격」의 형태로
의미상 주어를 표현한다.
-Here is a new computer for you to use.
-I opened the door for the cat to get out of the house.
② 사람의 성격, 감정을 나타내는 형용사가 문장의 보어인 경우는 「of+목적격」의 형태로 의미상의
주어를 표현한다.
-It is careless of you to tell him about it.

*의미상 주어로 「of+목적격」을 쓰는 형용사


-칭찬의 형용사: kind, nice, polite, generous, good 등
-비난의 형용사: silly, foolish, greedy, selfish, cruel, rude, careless 등
02강. 부정사 필기노트

5. to 부정사의 부정/시제/태
(1) to부정사의 부정: not[never]+to부정사
-My mom told me not to worry about it.
-He asked me not to meet Tom.

(2) to부정사의 시제
a. 단순부정사: 동사와 같은 시제임을 나타내며 「to+동사원형」의 형태이다.
He seems to be a great athlete.
= It seems that he is a great athlete now.

b. 완료부정사: 동사보다 이전 시제임을 나타내며 「to have+과거분사」의 형태이다.


He seems to have been a great athlete.
=It seems that he was a great athlete before.

(3) to부정사의 수동태: 「to be+p.p.」 또는 「to have been+p.p.」의 형태이다.


I was very happy to be invited.
The wall seems to have been repainted. = It seems that the wall was repainted.
02강. 부정사 필기노트

6. to 부정사의 관용 표현

(1) too+형용사/부사+to부정사: 너무 ~해서 –할 수 없다


(=so+형용사/부사+that+주어+cannot[couldn’t] ~)
He is too old to do such hard work.
=He is so old that he can‘t do such hard work.

(2) 형용사/부사+enough to부정사: ~할 만큼 충분히 ~하다.


(=so+형용사/부사+that+주어+can~ = so+형용사/부사+as to+동사원형)
-He is rich enough to buy the building.
=He is so rich that he can buy the building.

(3) make it a rule+to부정사: ~하는 것을 규칙으로 삼다 (=make a point of –ing)


-She makes it a rule to go jogging in the morning.

(4) cannot afford+to부정사: ~할 여유가 없다.


-He cannot afford to buy a new car.

*독립부정사
to begin with(우선), needless to say(말할 것도 없이), so to speak(말하자면),
to tell the truth(사실대로 말하면), to make matters worse(설상가상으로),
to say nothing of (~은 말할 것도 없이)

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