i -_ _~ a a ee ; GREAT SAPHE Hous vEIN ) p Mle + saphes meany emily Aten: great daphen evs vein fet othe tconiyat vein 4 the body, pit dvaine the lower eptvemity epcept the Heol ef ; aide of leg bw tenes alcaneour and “Fibra: Ofmatien —» fumed Meld of el ee nck and e wgine! vein. pect iewu'tioy 5 lt containg 194018 valve. + bhe the valve it Alwaya pocuent at Aapheno femoral pune Hone perfecating veintg —> they connect Aaphenoat vein fo the deep veins they ate thvee fn number~ ay fbove cthe Anke Ky Below the Kage 4) dn the Adductor canal . (vet the pexfolating veind axe scoulded with Ve An Cohi ch on the flow «) toed only {om auporpelal te deep: Tount nation —s “Terminal info upper pet | Femoral vein. by pleceing -fowita Lata. Communi catin a a 5 at Arpad daphenoes " vein « yeundiliac vein Aupey fof . ef +o tttc cidaahie 5 Aupertis a ep "yen + Aepoyicial: ep ternal padendal vein quent Aaphenow vein Antew Lave! vein. portexo tyedial vein. poste Arch vein. 7 Media Ank]e perforators. ymppided_veinous auch. rqgdiel_tyaeginal vale of fort Applied Aratoruy. _, Venexe ction deat faphenom vein sl uonlentean ee > vale hecome Incoupet and the flew of blood 4 weveued: e) Gov je cued pro Arterial grafting Im the Cofoncuy Artou by pas Aweg uy, pA AAAAAAABAAADN AAO HOFER EECE EOE EOE OP &© MEDIAL LenGiTuninal ARCH: DFentucer —» fligher More rpebile, getillent, Aho Absorber. 3) Antex end —» Heed of 1,29 and 3M tyeteteriel boner 8} pottorion end Os Media} Tabercte ol cafcaneum- ey Summit —s Auperion Articulay Aurface Talus. CH Artenion pillax —» ged gt Wyetetaxiep Suggnelfrema:, Lavi cular, Taluy. & Pottenion pillax 5 Media} Helf of Caf caneem. Wy Main joint —y Talocaf canes clavirutay oink 2) Bony factor —> Wedge —thaped PAntecteymentel Her —> Ageing Ligament: (Tie _beame —» planter Aponewsoaie (ette] part) =a Moduuter — ppellugig {ter digtoreem Brevis (medial part) 1 linge > Tbtati poctouer wee flepanmmtfallurche Long eg bape digitorum uenrigiih 12)-Suspeniion = Ange foined by Tibialla Anterior and posmiteos Longa.Shin vo ELepor SS fasonst [PT Thats poctenter. + Flepoy tfeltuei« , 2? Chzorages9 poets fenton Abductor tabu pam v fleyor dig Moveem brevea. Ne The BeamsLATERAL LonqiTuniNAal ARCH. ( \Featwcey 5 Lower, Umiteol Mobility, Riged: ayAnteuor end —» Heada qf yfh sh metetacie. 3 pectenion and ms fotenaf fubeucte +f cal caneum- a Summit —y Arfiular fal on Auperion Auxfare a the Caf caneum- CF Anterien piltlax —y Cuboif and 4th xt Metetanel. Gh Praveriou pillar > Lateef hel of tafeancum, Py Main joint —» -calcaneocubsrd point Ob Bony farter —> Wedge ~«haped diterregmentef tie => Long plantar piesrmenty hort plantar Ligament: ib) Tie beams 5 Plantax Aponewxous. (Lateef put) we Prbductor Light minima’ flepor big forum bheula. (tate pet) WLAling« pesgneud Longa We peynen brews 12f Auspensien > Atng fun hy Pbeliy Anteror anf poconeut easesPury All A haaaq nm aoyabine saad ° Fyyormauady veauily tebe eR RIY eae _powelly veo troy d btu K _pawely beopvojd wes J 7 fT | | | | [ | | | | | | \ \ \ duus~~ ‘\ — 2. f= -——. Applied Anatomy = opal elena — Absence of bechee: 2 Pet Cavuy > Efag gx 1a ton of Long ttudlinal axch yee fost [i set foot —> enpenttad defetmity fe lay Talipes colcangug —) twalh on eel a Tetiper epuinut _» walk on foe. a oy Tal ip ex Vary —» walk on ouyer bowed ex foot — 3 Bipes Yelp welk on Inner rhea gfe Tap epetna estez — PLANTAR Apo EvA S16 drlvo , thicKned centtal ped tT deep ae , , J ) be imation —> sfemed by Longitud ino} deploy ed comport » bundles Hf co! agen fibre 7 poudts: >— ? Lait diol rental > vies That ion > hove the weoven the . thicket port > Abdluntor dig! Abdus ov and Moct , Yintm Halbeecia. Plominent part ; a thia ta oceforred Shape + it #4 qufangulan in hope at ron wet y and ha Aper and Aare. Aponeuscotu . ’ + Apey i the prlortmaf pet; and Attached fo Media! tubercle oT the caf caneum: s Bore 3 .chieta) port; and divider the tread 4 Meter au af Boner }nte jive dips. which are connected bg Pond veue fibver Np phology —y NM the continuation of the plantaxie Moule and ' Horeotogour to palmax Aponewson'e. YF BAVS4NVNVVVVVVVNVNINM ESb)vraton Alipt- i Kupertiial pot. Deep part ! Againa aplit (pte the two pavelt and prommits the {9° attached 40 the ~frantveue Auer rT the drin at the fort of fort” tendont: ' Fayychton—s ay Maintaing ‘the Longitud ?naf fitch ‘ c KY Act: ay Tie beam: , & provider origin fo duperiel planian tales: yetedy plantar verels and Nowe: ‘ dp rtedy plantar 4 vf ! — dyitel —— a foswe aud § veela. & I. ADV ID ADA? MAAY A) A yet taeDD)victon of Alipt: { Kuper C pot. Dest pout attached to “the Againa aplit pto the stvangvesie dale of “the. 4fuo pad4 an dein ad the tour e.fort tanimils the flo" , tendon: Faction ay vaintaing the Long itud traf Arch. by Ack af Tie beam. J provides avigin to dupefivel plantan MY eadet- A) protect Plantar ver vettela a and Nowe Applied A nactonuy = eflontan—pausiilts and —calsaneum

—dtanding Position fence feaxin the inflammation = Tran ue : fercial fib ( plantaw oa accel + 1» tipaled attacks the __plantan fous lead, to the “caledfration tn the | postextor atforhment of the ___ plantar Pponeiivoata ( Loa, ~ Lal planta! UU . a a XX —-- Medial +tebere Dy Mal eZ ewsAPIST R “MUSCLE Antroduction SEAL NG rescues Ham — posterior onpent +f thigh. Geving —> thread Ke. Hamet— af demi Membrancdut | Te Hamat ong. wy Lem? enol inate x ’ vid Aiceps femorid #) Jachial fibrec of Add ucton Magn Chaxacteittied ~» w All Mules adde asm rachtof Teberneity « v they get imorted info one of the bone. (etther “Tipta of fibala) vy Aupplied by the tibia] duicion af delat, Yow vy they axe eptemon + flip joint vy they wre {hepovte uf Knee point: ; Modizied Houmas“EEE SS Te PoPLITEAL fogs - © > fernimen bua nerud- poplitea! fous: Aemitendinodut flantaxt « at tel td gartrecnenda popliteal scr fare of fem. Lenden of <4 ore Tie ies es “ reel in > poplitere nucleeS LT Kee ten veeof o/ po ples! 04 Eso. hatte < Medial cutaneou Hs deel owe. Nowe 4 hog hs thovet Aap henout ven f 5 fotedon cutaneous neve — 4 thiph NUS —> cotter — upper —» = AVN 7 (4 —=+t) > Tibrel Howe. (A ~+) Middle > Avy a > popliters vein. yowe peplites! Artery | oplit e« P "ieogh Lowex —> NVA Hod ex (4 t) Applied Anate A popliteal pee poplifea Attow raf poptea Aneusupeu — seeactara! i Move paone (potaadtite rgidltine dwelling)FENCRAL TRIANGLE pourdoiee ins wine] Ligament : 7 Media] hovel ex » redial howl ex Of devetoaduc Ad durtos aout eee” inguinal Bigamend Thacus ee Ferdlon of pave Me ye pectineu » Adcluctow Long exPromeoar © Relations {the wetuely _, a) AL Rare (.fvem mM—Ll)., VAN. ) at Aper (from A —P\s A vival a) Femoral Artery . b) Femovel vein: e) Profunds femori« Wein al) Profunda femoeit Arteny Applied Anatomy oy Stabbing — b J ‘ Fejnoted a Fimerl, Adducto Pf — fi Arto vein: Longuy : ” femee it by Palaetion of femoral Arte , gy dntvavencwt injection. a) enlaxgem ent of Lymph yeder- Z ee ts peed emevit Artes, _eee eee ee ERE FEMORAL ARTERY Tehigin; 5 Continuatlon f Ey teunel tae Artery below ee Higament 5 Eptent ~ trends fer tid ingquinel point so the Adductor canal: Couue os | Fyne Femoral vere} Ndductor Femoral veref Cane} poputea! foplit eof vere. deep civeunfiex for 5 Extouna] Hiee Arte thie yey —_, infedor epigastnic Arie te tdep \, Superior epigadare Aton Ofc Lr fey Kg duperfiviel epterna] pudendal ae cleep eptexnal pudende/ > profunda femorid Arteny , lo cre (eu esi “Met wel veumpled femoral Arte { oh" 4 Meet elas, bvanche clessending genteel ay Arteuy foptiteal Artouy“Relation, aM the bare | Fem oval A (7 —, t) «Femoral vein: & Femoval add oxy x Femovel Nerve b) At the apex | Femoral 4 (A —s?) & ‘Femoral Avtony “ Femoval veins * prafunds femoris Vern, y prefunda femora Artec, ¢) Arcleniov —» Akin, Aupoy tae) fos, deep fuda 4) odtexior —> eo Pdoa majov ePectineru wAddurtor Longus « Réanchasy (A) dupexfide] CB) Deep y gerepig ant ai c t purfanda nfertats. y gy chreumpley, iliae 4) Sen wy ; . ay ge epternal padencla/ ls mafley | 6) medial clvauaften fer 4 pocfevading branche 24) Deep” E plexnaf pucten gj Medlen yy Dettendiag denductn,) += = @antinuer a, popliteal Avfeuy the h Fescmina tion —» Continwe, ay opt oy oug tng pretent 1M the Addurtor mognuy « &n opening preien the “4 Applied Aradeonay a to emotel Artexy. here a of Lwen Ged: 4S) femora] Aden ta uted {" ngteg ap ky QATURATOR NERVE Trivoductton: 5 "Nowe of the fdduchy compartment of thigh: + Aupplies adductor ruucle and Akin over the medial Aide 4 the thigh: oot Veluwe» w Venti] divition of ventrel Rami of ty ,Ly and by ’ eplends femme pelvia to the Knee Joint. pines dau btuscctor KY may b tajured tn th inj wey of ue: & tajuxed tn the Ardeudor distoadtion of Hip eink: Sy rotor Load —> Lowe of Addiction of thigh (Adduetor nutel ed) ®) Aersory Jorn —» Lode on redial spe of thigh (urtaneout branch 4 on) b) Chunater Herve Heurcpatty , In the AYhelete, wlth Large Adductovs munleysSY Ausagical olivier al obturator Yu fo vcelieue the xpam wy ddductor muse jn the spurte porelyalds SY irritation of obturatee Nerve 5 inflame tien ford cauer localised porttonitia tn the Hegion Xf ovaxtan fotaa aheffered pain =. In .direase f flip joint, the pan may be wef fore 4o the redial aide of the thigh. , w {¥ ioocita tion . vat ecphanitta Cinflemation Yor oktwnatos owe - Iocalietd pexitoniter [2 taritation: = 3] _ grrody te Ley} “or fr pogletor diviaion. obtursto ey fouuu- Adductor Magni Adductor Longut gene , Adductow Hf ectuy 3 fettudas ude te Kneejorat tctaneout bYand, to aupply dKin on Mackie) utdle, 2 AANAY.4.424YD |]RAAAANARM HOH RHAHARAAAAAAARAA CCR BRR Ee BeKR BO CELivy »obteuscator ae PELVIS 5 obturator sf sfmen DY VVYVVVVVU VVI VV UVUUOOOOCCCeCEEC ECE ECECECECE BY “> & 3 E => Fsft. “Tre ndelen burg A a Acting {rom befow both the plates Heine an 7 Minima prevent the tntuppovted aide of the pelvt jena Aagging using walling and Shut maintain the Hor? genta level of the pelvis. . tohen the gluetery ediur ov Mintme one aide ane poucalyced aft the bnjusey of cuperior guatead Neuve: » when the individual 4tand+ on the limb of the affected aide , peluta sink on “fhe unsupported aide. tha ot Kfa Teenclel burg 4 Aon: Vent | the Lower Limb - “esp picins Aupertivtel _veing armed vein, of dora} vehou axch. by popliteal vetn 3) tqettel [tated oy Antodon |p ol, maryinal vein. “Tihad veina of yreat Aaphenout valag- en AY Ahp at Aephenout veins e} plantax vsnout axch metatoual Vein 4) digtte} valu’i ena Perforator ueint - x Connect Auperficiol veina fo deep vena. + travel {rom dupe ideal forcia thy ough ce opening tn deep forta before enteung deep yeint: w divection 4 miiow of blood ~ from upon fied to the deep veind: a queaded by valve ,4o thet boof flow ia unidénection ~ap. (Towards deep vein), » Reverua] ¥f low occwu ft incompetence of perforator which udll Lead fo vasitore veld Gommon artet exfosea toed —» Af In [owen pascl oY A[dductor canals hiatus cseeponedts guuckha depheneas vein re Femona) vein: & Roy'd perfesatose —» * present putt below the knee + conneela geet dophenowt vein uth pociener tibia} vein. g Lote} Ankle posfodstere—> © Communicate hort Aaphencus ven with posoneed een y3 redial Ankle perforstoss, —s Yrupper rq eolial Ap vé) tyiddle redial Ap J tower redial APewhen the veint become dilated at foot out hey axe called vyauttore velny. : i. RiaK factors ~ o} femeler ay prolonged aland ing. oy Raised intra Abdominal Pretone dy pecegnancy ef Hh Hee Glintcal eatusees Coniplicatient => | deagging pune JY Haemovrh age, Xperia) compet gy Pigmentatn [jem v Yeavinert in bead, * pesdoatitia ( perieal emir) wy Hopinieitrmema eal! s} Recurrent “thvtombe phlebitts Sf oedeme » itching ¢} sdeomet nr Gle din colouration pee Teeamie - wy ulcerations Clintesf Aneteney a\An empetany of value in the pofenrating veln{—» the vatvea in The perfoucting veint betome tncomp elant , the defective veint hetome th petune beaks. ~ dus g mule eontvadtion. 7 High paeteune deep velng Mtvaw withed { fe aepenpl velnds ENV Besomer elilated and ~Fortouy,a) Ancompetancy of valve ‘at the {exminaton 4 the ex fit vent —> + for ercample * | mae Aphenofemoral valve become yn compet ant greed Aaphenout vein become alifated and - sforctout: | yaritodity commence fon Aaphenal emaraf jen and eptend grea lly downward), dilation rc] supoyica] veing. gested degeneration outils wally Mast ote wlewu. Tet for the diagnoai« Mi ~ a) Trendelenbures Tet — “eH Te tet Aupenfiial yeing —> potereure fa vceleaed, & gr) 16 tect Perforating ven —s pocerune not sctleaed. ata b) Pescthei lest (Tovniquet text} -, Hoaniquet ee vio tet the incom petence alecp Vein. mild exencire ~ the acy omnting and deep vein xe novmaf, the Vaxiiode vein allt avin, ~'t they "fe blockef the vv aul become, more didtended-DESCENT OF SS TESTIS. Tectia develsp in elation Jo the oleveloping mMetonephros at the, levef +f Aeqment Tyo to Tp a= r. H oat ttl beging Yo dewcend during and ronh o infva teh e Life anf eventually seach Acta 2 2 evel a te ‘ We v0. (2 4 Mpath ef ) ; Fliae fora (3'4 tenth of rot) | dep SO ~ hate nt deep (at Jo ct mont] [as] ey _— Tpvere Caphia Cx2 teh canal, OMA (ete c lg Bearhet Anger de & sont inguinal Ringe. Cen) 1 he nate (0% Mout cre + Pmocetiud Vaginalit —s ceytemion of peritoneal cauity, S Pleceder dereent vf tet into emote, Wantamesiichoet hey tees invaginate,» aS it cloter above terti-.» » v » » v » th , eth vonth {tnt » > > { > core ? eck of fect P Veg inals p ping wnt “Tiemea > Factet qe! ing Deccent vaginalis foro took > 4 Tettlt —s Ligament ormoner —> « Jettodtexone. a °° + Moctexnal qonadotropint 4 Differen tial qvooth of Rody wall. ) ; n o) formed en of yaley ace[um. ws ) + band of loote frucue eptending from lower end of tectis ' fo Aortum « ) . Remaining pat of gorherng ueluw afte erent 4 dertis 14 Ws Avwte] tgamert : , dt} dntwa Abdominal “Teruperature ) ey datra Atdomina) pelq ure.RECTUS SHEATH Anfrodwe Hon, att Moan Aponecrotic Ahewth- a eneloter Rectur Mbdleminiz and fyfemidalit muse. Fovmation-., Hot ene on eath aide. Feature. ¥ Anteucior wall a) 2 wall a . » poxtertor wall Antenio wall Poaterioe wall veomplete, oincomplete. + vasciable, composition vvasiahle compod'tion vMtached fo “the tendinous Iintesctections. + free eotef cartilages diaphragm Areuate Line > tng eriow epigartete ”Arc esctoe extennal oblique Aponermotld “wall —> Pecterion . depident: walls Rerta on 5th, 6 7 coctof carl age * wall plow ro Ant oe oa oblique eee" A Apon eumodie- + pighe’d a proce. e pth @ sth: coutaf cast! lager. 4) Between codtal margin and Areuate Lines Qnjercioe + eplernal oblique A poner oni wall —% 1 Antoder Laming J intemal PbUyue poxtexior « porteior Lamina of internal ebUgue wall =o) reanivene abdominia. Aponenro.? ¢ a. . oa mcale Une x 4 it formed by The feumine¥ing pot ® cl fostouioe Camina “f dnterned oblique Relow the frcuate Line —s Aptencion wall os Apo nersoeiz + AU thvees nuucler f the Abdomen 5 9 fused 1 tepexater poctesdor wall 5 velefictent: rent on nail stranqvestal4 ‘SIN tendlen oro ae Te Toankvesceali4. Contents oy Rectur fheath ., oy Murcer = ) Reefer ABdominia 2) pyremidalia (if preed) byArteder > 1) Aupedor apigarteic Aatery 2) inferior epigarture Arteny ey veing —y i) Auperior epigartic venae tomiantey 2) infexioe ep qautvic Venae com tantes. ay yowe —»s Ty Th, (teemtnal pols) | Functions —» i chek bowing — % effidenyy 2 Avength te Anterior Abdominap wall .SM ee So Enqvinac canal ' » Delro: WM ta a oblique Intermey uelar peer in t Tomes po of Antestor Abdominal wi he Li tuation 5 Aut ed Nove the recial Half yfuthe iraq ina] Upament - Length: >» 4m (1ineh) , J » ] 7 J p= 7 y Hive ction the divecton inguine| canal fa oblt ue ) ; > Megaide plot ryedially. ) \ > pent oO +from aLeep Inguinal Ring to dupeyiiel Ingutn of Rings deep ingyine) _« Suseleretrape “tit =F, em Tee iid ingainal point viel _* hatacmten qv Fal Ring — ein eptexna oblique Aponeuxo-td. R indercourtad fibeed CHUA —> Rare = ferred by pable exert r her pared idee ton —> the cane Jaxger tn male than femele, became of Langer dimenrton of teats in malen SONS St TS ONTO NN nn NN SE ENEPAV 98 3.9% SEE eee 7 +a Fane pew 4 conjoiat tendon. 5 eflected at a : an Upomeed : | EA | ' uy tual eee me | a) whole eptent b) Lotexol yard | vikin winternal oblique wdupedicial fouda nuude. EOF wall —> a) whole optent i) yedial aid y fourta fvanve ella wrtconjornt tendon v eptvapenitonea! Haaue + Reflected part pvapesitones nett ee: ¥ poouetal podtoneum m Y Roof ss Arched fibre ca Snclenal oblique, and Tranwextus Abdomini.. ° eos Np PPDPPDPP LADD LNA LL GGT 4A AL AVAFloow-, * qrooved upper tuxface of inguinal tigamec. oA ryectial end rby tatunax Upament v Ape memoria g rhe’) {ee 5 Tramvene Abdominid + Ayternal ohuique. TA (Poof) Ruched th A Care 7 jotnt {enden od: Z ofl inguinalix) Gi a ) Jnqhinal tig ament Locunax Ligament Gontenty._, » fpeumadic cord Oo . the inguinal Nowe (1) partial, + ound Ligament of dea $ ' vegan tewe (t,) partial . : 5 to lngudna) and rene UgamendHE SSEL BACH C TRIANGLE It ta friangufax Aveg prevent a Titre duction. wall of the Abdomen: the Antexo inf eaior Lateral bordey O wns erat vie Artou inguinal Ny jament ast Afedrelhachs Tang triangle. Roundanies -_, [stexa/ =; inferior epiganiere At tou, adie] Lateral border of Rectur Abdenin's, fare — inguinal Ligament Eptexnal Heunia. HERNIA. hetyeuron Abdominal eoatent rthuoegh a aie Sa" eyo within "the — Abdominal cout ty, epiplotc forewen : Srtenel Houle. as Abdorninaf tontent nto the “ye ae gone’pads of Heunia- = afta aby contents. 5 content * ¥ 4 (teop Kd Litine. lax ex 4 Abdominal wall covering the sac gf fexnial Aa. Hexnia Toginal trexnia— profusion «| Loop of ial to's infetfine oe Gndivect oblique SBigeet Henrie inguinal Hexnia Arun a — corel Sepa spuaaiitextt on: 0 Cound me ua ing 5 e | Avwtum - eee canef wxrcamthel rons o ctcaete gacons % mat wham Obatuuction Common ( obatsuetion not commonGoverinad Fy inguinal tenia a dndivect OF Eptva prri¥oneol fiqrue. by interna! apoimatec foucta. s cLcemoupru'e foreta AL ep texna Apormattc fora Akin comer out laters! diel 1 ae } {va perifoneaf | Fido, A) Fanta. — eS Dived? —> Tran voualig \ ' | | ¢) Cfemarten’ | fua ' ! ! d) Epfoinel c ——» Aame, Aame.- conpoint endo a: dpeumatte > ame. fora: e) nites ' ' ' ' on Atanding, ——> Aame. - Ep PRP AAAAAPAAAARBRaOmnmne.e.SE a a TSCHIORECTAL Foss A Anteoduction: a Allo ka Aschio Anal fous witlaa wedge chape apace: Location — rPrerent one en ether aide of the Anal canaf Aefow ~the pelvre dia phasym: Dimention +5 a) Length. ca-P) —y» Cem by width (cldle ~4ile] > 2°5m- c) Depth (vedtically) > S— 62 em poinesl Anterior ot edot may in einea) ° (pt “v rneree] t4chio] ‘Reb eocity bon (Eaten! fea infexnue ] ~ and Ha foes: | pom Anof 4 ze qoimed by the atin. formed by Une where obtunator fascte yen > ! | meet Inferior feria pote diaphvam.,Ble See RO AOR Contents 4 IAr~ oO} Fod: 5 pustendal owe, and int etel + 2) pudenda) canal and tt tontent4. c) dnfedon Rectal Hewes and vercels- Vélefeson & ° G yulnexable fo injuny In the dyainage + IRF abacgd Recerter of TRE — deep fo Uxogenitaf diaphyagm. a-Anteries Rect —> by Postotor Revert —> deep fo Lave tuberous Ligemenc both IRF vr communteatioa J howe Ahoe REcetd —> behind Anal anol: gence of IRF 4 yeia Pend Anal apace. —+ fet ta teghtly louated. | infedf __, fuehio viectaf apace - : Jain 2 Achi tf. fet tA loosely infection, 3 — > dupia tegmenta} apace: arranged = jntexnal pustendel vertels. jatownel pudendal iene Content4 cy DRE => these come fem greater Adiatte re and Lees st ee 5 infoaer Recs! Huw. Alcor ( canal). Applied Anactemy _s Allow4 dd-tten fon of Anal tanaf duvsing portage 7 ofrcce by Atlows dilation | the vagina dein g Packwutten. gy ot of fot pull into prolapee of Rectan a) pouneof and tachtorecta/ Apacer ace cemmon alte for obters: (> Ap ab the Ape. of fees ey ficence 4 tlatey of dehwalbe . —» defective odigin of Levetoy ani fuem obturator fara . {\ paoat abdcers may enter the iiac fowa and may travel the tchhorect da aton the — puslendsl verre. 1 t ]KIDNEY - Anfroduction: _, e There axe the Relvo peritoneal ovgans * Flave ep wcetoyy Junction. + 2 tn Number. Location —> pyetent df the epigatyic, Pp? antic, uUumbay and umbilical y “Y 7 wegion: Extent. Tr % by 4 Right Ketones 04 03 fevef ° Ny. \ tte n Left wide. Shape > Rean cthap ed. : Epteunal featuce, 2 >» Upper —> ‘broad. Aupea nena] gland al foler JA + Lowey — pointed 5 Medial —y Concave —> mieldle 3 Hi Lum ‘Latero! — convex, tor 5 )eseg ell S) sonoue, (> — eye > postentes ey {is tj Prorel ex a) Hilum —» (Ani: fH ef") VAY i \ Ren < > uneten, cl ald Sint ey Avtou SPD DPDADPDAD PPTEPTVAAAAS AAAS.Ant ed or Relations. Right Left Supva ena} tan atte ; om (, spline vdauodene ya veg att reyes colic colle Avea. vane Arag un va VV ivea IY wed podterton Relations. WI RT ~ Lee nid jn welation (Hh AT ~ LYE kidney) , c only ne Left il Latera] Aruate 417 Rib- igament o 10 Rib. 7) taf Avcuate dhe u ssiel "Tigament af Howe > P. PAoat major Uy Heypogagee >> Quadratuy Lembo vu 5 Py Mantveue Aboinguinsh Abdominia:Coveningy 4g 7 7 - atl) ye the Kidney, (tnwaxd —? out 4 Renal Caprute (true capaule) by Pernephric fo wy Renal arta ( fefqe caprule a ee mieeea! ay Paxanep hye fet Renef fucia ; Antextov Loy ex aad (Faria ye “Told t) (Fase Zucker Kand|}wr aelc OO Orlh crwrlClererelUl ere lh BE OO En Blood dupply. Renal Ant ouw _y Hila - Anterior f ot talon . ivlaion | a Aeqment’ @ ated ov ) apres eqn \ fe Aegment + b) Apical deg men: c) Mfeldle segment 4) Lower dy ment: Anodels white Line . pred on the Poclerion Awfae at the jundton f mediel fy" and Jato! if3"4 - + Avatutax dine blew Antextoe and posterior agg end Cy Bee aT end Aeterier, no Anatomoxte 1A presen - » An Approach, for vemoutng Renel caf whi «Abdominal Aorta. Reneol Netow Ant vd or a poxlexior “Buank “Tuank, egret Artouy Lobax Asclerny Ander | obax Arte Ascusote Arbo Numero tree. Lobedax Artedey, nowt Renal ven qlemeuelax Arteriole t Aeqmaentel ven effecent Avtodole poutubular plepus Lobax vein intectobufax vein che veh er Areuote: Vetn + 7 AA AAPAPOPDAOOODNE OE EGERHAARAQRA _Development t premanent Kidnyy . uxegenital Ayctem olevelopment : a) urogenital dAinu. (endod exm) b) intermediate - rp erod ox: cy ,. b . gen "er gente widge coe | 1 genes Kidney, Medonepbric dat axameronephtic duct . «dn Homang zmbryed, f' f the mephrogenic cord jee shee Aetd of Auceetdive Kidneyt — a) paxcnephoed b) mmeronephxos c) mmetanephso4 Poonep aioe KH] on ephocoy Metan ephsea erctede bu m eroneph ute . duut U0 enital , ") 4; fuigone af / wd nany bladdex Aly \«Mero nephyic duct: ms __, tetanephnie blastema Cy aive seise to Aer eto Hy postion of the Kidney, Hetanep hyo . s usceden'e v uc Cage vite fo the collecting postion 4 the Kidney | Cecrefosuy ye postion Pgh Pay a. collectin + ovomani ule, ail C pidneg “ftT a ml “pest “der e-tollecting Fubule — “Renal pelvis LOH LY Renal papillae — uredex. Aenneating fucbeel eg « Major + Minor caleyer Applied Anatomy. Congenital pe! . kidney —> etn thid condition , there t a faifuxe cl fetion 4 the tallecting and the aceeneting po, . wy a welt , Num vous tyata filled uth wene axe feces in the substance of Kidney. thia may be Autodomal dominant poly upetic Kidney dideme + o fhla condition MM utully bifaten|. © MH ecewy df Abnowma] .oilatation 4f ci'fferend parts othe wih feooud pubul ef , eipecially in the Loop of Henle.<_< sia of two oy tach child Hood type ss prevalance (15000) Aolult type —> ae tess diatyata and Mi O° 00 0.0 ° vafance (1% 600) dney {vant plantation Cyt fitted with wine. Congenital polyyatie Kidney’ Litesse (.CPKD) child pod type: CoPKd) Autosomal vecettive v-fea_temmon ediceate manifert in child Hood. w more progrertive Arenal foituxe Oc tn fnfan edeath at ead age: pe (APKB) wfutodomal alominant - wo love commen e adidccue manifert above, eh sf 20 fH: vr let _progsemive Renal failure et uolly doey not _ocesey wx peeth ocewe at Lote ye————— a A ALLAN an of bedney, , Ebs Lel epithelia: + Innes medulla , Outer contey, ‘ redulle contains wena/ pysamidt . dong and chcclay convalidted tubule flom euluy. (Rene/ coupsuctes) . Bowman capeule, + Loop of Yule. Applied — Anateney. a) Renal and coeteu'e cafculss wy Rene eemeter’e odie, —— “tenet pun ho, eae Jeatin Kivdneyf, jy ep ? © (flee amount peng hai (ev 4 cgi Anomalles. a congenital pily oyatie pevdney. 4 tobelated krdlney , ef Abensand Koln ay Hove Ahoe hidney, 9) Rena] dgencsin. Y Dielyata z £ H&pheo tic dyndiome , 7 Thaniplantation of bidney, for end tage Kxenaf did eae #) Renof Thoumas (esas)“PROSTATE GLAND ° Aecet dosuy seep sodne five gland, Kituation- 5 gilier tn the fereen petved, “Below the neck of the wal nary bled den, etehind the low ex put Cl the prbbre tynphyaia. vin front q the Ampulla of Rectum. posing | Rectouterine : < \ 3 pocin a ~ dbrovittions shape Inuescted tone. weight ey & . Sige YR, KD (oye)IEeH feats _ ) Apex —y downw ards divected 2) Bare — 1 upwands directed 3) durfacer Antentou porteriour dn exodateraf Aurface Awyace Aurface ° * Noxxow wpa ‘ en Kom Wwangeten ‘ related ue aide to fle + ftattened {rom Atde wall + » Lier Bem bebind didle Ye aide pee pubic. dymphydis + Aepoudted {rem + Anterion fibre Syn Pees Recta by fasta tevator Ari nul wd nn o denavit tars enclorer the onnec é putoproctatic Ligs . ieee by gland « fo pubic Bone. cfeualatony dust + hpesated fuom oneach Aide muude by q slower paxt —> Venotu plenes - pieced by ccethra Atsuseduner uulthio povod tate.» Lobes proatate ay proatetic wre thon. oF Antextor Lobe. Uy ejauatong dat 4) peaterion tole cy prsstatic ututcle- Ff wedian Lobes SC) Two tate lode. capsid of prtoatate -» — gp Toure caprules fk condensation ame periphere] fibnour Avoma of the qiand: by False eaptulle _, clextued fom pelvic aria, (panctatie Aheatt)a UR ese. eee ‘by Venou deainrge. > enout ples der bl Fre and felee capanle « fadder- og Cr NEY b evatox Aut Ya No nN r \* LZ, prostatic y enous Ni ( plepee bathourtiral litt wang eni taf ap hag mn: gland News dupely—> aly mpa thetfe Nus Anjo bos _Flypegarteic | Leper. 3 pelvic. _Aplanchnic _ ue: bp pore aympe mete a Lymphatic dusinage. ~ ay drt ernal iia Lymph yodets ty Aa! quoup of Lywph Node Applied Anatomy — al Beningn pxoctatic Hypertrophy - 1m middle lobe, olf by prcontadit tt wv o) posable Ly prortatic Adenema Mwemoved by scan wee Hur af Aoute amare Heal Heuteshave Area as rhe vale « Powtal Vern: v s Hepatic Ascterry i Hepatic Duct: Ng > Cosn ed went “ah 5 Left sealeengel ub wy tt u gous atangelar . Uganet + fol ye aa Ligament Hepat CRourd tig.'ef tive). > Cee fox lve, >foaea o4 got { ees bladder, oO: ent lq Coe Maes an ia attached Here.LIVER he © woe > Caper wpesion Arcterton Right A, via saree tateu! $n forion houdey . Pe" a yo ler eet fet cifoum Ugamn ent atic Ligam entun Tou pee Hepatis: { andi +f gal Kladdex. L | Peet. Baie 4 fetefomms caudate Lobe | 7 Utes ; fom pect: aeifere TAP robe, Left OH rea fuaceranes etangulon vy fuperion Ae . i forcton coo nary UY. fuaune 1 Ugandan aight jeiangelen ~~ f S Veno du Uyauent prey fitewce for “ oe Uigemgertoor eres Fhepatia ’Hidtolog y+] Afomack - Somach wall . ao — —— —t+~ + Mucout sy —cubmutote a Texous a) outer Long tucine) ¢ DAinple Columnax . Murcer ' pike ithe Vuum byAnney dxeular pee . Matcbey « by Lamina ja. { m Fle: Labtique fesitonedt Gowekt € Caudiac Pylouc'c Fundic mass g Glands Lands Lands . S e , fituated Truc Bymagen oxyntic ek. fold rth, BE tgs + , t ouafice + domme of L , J ryucut § , Aevute Shae pein. Hee § ryucous qartedn CLE § ¢ tutlaseh % oo wea « Atmg le columnar epitieltum § . qantate pitas ' . gapfade gland. ‘ « padetal cell. | B der cell = mula, musede , a muro cls. gertarie huanch 4) pocterito, vagal bunk, Newe of totanpet and ¢aciminaf yewe of Arey +] Au ply funds Lymphatic ducinage of Atormach. 2 Lef-gaitdic Nodes j ~~ ico - Hepatic to! L vs Poviptenic. yodet Noles @ Ty “\ i\1 '3\Ce@ gies le ee pate oy se nodes an AX Right gasteo- epi plore Seb pytort —~ Node. Mie ose® iH Applitd Anatouy- ayyaree pain: he felt tn epigasbectam berey othe dfomauk, ta supplied om Aegments Te to Te of dpinel cond | whith also Hepp tier fo Upper 4 ahdenina wall, by qantare wlieu etually occur along Lefty crarnattere eae gqantaic ous] Nd foamed Pere Cy canof of ta ante. v bltane [ayer abcent: deur O04 pe pure Flos.oog k tha. Fan tele ulceretton, Ly Tanke! y , | got tsure Can HHOMARs a Pepste went AdNewour Anpply of Atomaus: oateion Anterior vagal Toutnk vagal Punk celiac av: svatomotos in function Vague Nete » AMimufate pyloric Aphineter . » Conveys painful Aenetions. ree coli ” al ; plepos anal + Meendin + Duce 6 to fo qorete baanch, bxanch, boanch » Nowa Aupply Liver, Augply othe (yews of gelbiedder, — pytoaie Latest) and billesy Aphinclen posisge eRacleniel Aupply + dtomart Ig aft etic (You nk » thot gartete jdong agtro- odenaf Artow Y toh Mgaatele Left -garice pip loie A nites Lerent velght “Poancreatice Foire ducdenal Arto Yenowt daainage of ttomark. Hemia: uf ee Let tate Vein t nin ‘ yLbovd gortate vein! Right 9 Vein porte] win S Leg gaitao epiplore V Anfecion mesentaic Vein Prepyloric ein of ciate Right goatee epiplore Veln Aupod on 4 antou'e veinGfomach Gules duction atro-etophaseaf diag o+dfice ajate 4 Ticheaten ats fi ) i) etanel featoe eHophagut < __. ro fends. «) eagvedenet a dj Aubdlvi'giong (audiag ~ \, t) onifee Letter, seater, fy Relation. Ancisura, et) wy Tonustune Angulexid A Pyles +7 : > . py losu’e, palowtc Antoun ducdenum tane| Ky points, *Funduy Ue imfertose Yo the Apex of Heart af the level 4 sth Rib. s pylon td divided Inte pyleste Antaum and pylosic nel: + quice exephagead function oy (eoublacend) o> Level Ty « qautke duedenal junttion xs (pytorte end) oy Level YL, prepylom'e veln of Mayon, Landmexk fox yloedendene| jus! oRugae = em poriany tongituctt nef fod of Mucous membtane whith diddappewu on dittentton. sesh te: pee Left cou of Dlophaagm 2 fe Str he gs — Splenic Arte + Kills — Let Kidney Copper past) Patient — Rody Cl Panove a Coe ly - Lett colic flewaye, Mou leet ly Bue e metogelon aae> SADAADAPPPPPPPPDPPHMOODNDOECOOEEE EEE EHR— ae dextvative of dudvatver J the Ventaal doxual Metegarterum Mecogartainm a) Right and leyt A a) gestrophacenic tegament- Ligament 4) qartcoaplenic Uganadt ) Luperdon and «) Lineoseene] teqauasd: Inferion fay eet of the coronary Ligament al) qaceter omentan: ) felefoum Ligament d) Letrex omentum: duodenwu PHU OE colon: deteending colon + Algmeid colon. Algorvid colon M[eoappen dix. Re cfeLy peed domsel Meaty ee7 — OY eee Oe Ae RT PERITONE Ory a weal A. (CEs vf abdomen) 5 Rody wall _s pudietal pevee yviacocel pores 4 mexentey eu, Vidcexa 5 Abd: Aorta po dome] rexogadi a ¢ ¢ | ve dpleen i | Foxe qut | 4 5 Aorta . : | coatic asctey ° mid Aupercior epentorte S get “pe Antsy q s Pra ex S Wer entod Hind ieee q s s | ‘UTERUS. ; Antueduetion - ; |. HL iA the child bean oxgan pretreat in the pelere cauutty, Alte fa wombs [Ftya tora Situation —, blu Alad den and Rectum: Fune ton —» _ otect4 and poourder Neetu fon fo the fodiice ovum: » contraction leafs fo the eppaleton mf! the focter- Shape.—> Pystifoxm- ( tnverted peax ahape) she: 3 2 2 Cinched (te) Cay Cr) Comm unica tion -_, ufudne jobe (on each side) | ed upeni uly > infedorly — » , Vagina. ports > a} Fund by Rody (upper 73" ‘) ¢) Teo Jatexop Borden. A) Coudy (Lower yst4) spud of the ujeuy above opening C the fallopian the, epee upper end of the utouy, onvenr ertoverxed with podtoneun,+ dinceted forwand when bladder ta empty: all . fodilced cocyte fd Implanted in the podeder © 7. the funder: ' Br GBosy — *Continou uri th a cenvicaf canaf at internal eds L ——— I od Ant exiox | outed on [ vereaf Antertinal 7 ctagfece fuxfate | J eswif * {lat + CONVEX, + Relation — etl. . juictien — colle I . poutoneum “nina eal : fos 2 oat [aupertor + pedioneum well of wtow vetical « dodme the Anterior un pouch: of Recto uterxne Lateral Peach: / bovdexg, . Rounded and conven. D proud des Attachments fo the Broad Legamend of ete » Aupero lateral Angle +f the Rody at the function + Body and fundiy kya Comnwa ef ecletuu, Attachments fo the eutegne fubets : Ugameng of ovary, “Round Uys ef sceneoO EyT——=— 8 25 em Long » Low ex cylind nica) poet of the l wall of the Ven, tnd “Viper yee it and phe _ fer a vat aa. + ow prt opens inte the fn toden agsavey inal iv * Retetion- : ig : rk *Ant—s Aladder T A me + ports — Recto nutedtne \ couteas canal sper ft igen j Rectum . % Into the Waging ty. * each eter P Epteuns| o Vveico 5 Recto utodne peach C4) Recto ver feufan.sialaciancitaial awe CERES CANAL + feti form Ahape , tnteunel 04 9 openings . penny < peel an frton via hit + Pntvdow — ) oll i x ran i i rucoet olde] Ligament. of poston — Aigaments i Hyaments fede Vy Ugaments ou Uigaments tonal folds bua attached fo pocterion layer the Road Ligament texowgh if: uoAalping _» pwd o the Bxoad biyament ying bees ueoune tube ere Ligament of ovary, + _utomet rium mae ped below the digament of ovary, Auspentoxy Ligament af ov Anfundibulepeluie Ligament —> poset cI Aroad tigament Aladtehing from upper pole of the ovary and Pnfarned buf wom of the uledne tebe to the date) peters walls Utouctwrer in the baoad (gament — > Faltep tan pubes Medora] ping s ovarian Ligament afvdne artery 5 Yetomeldum y swr_et » utseine Artery odding the etteterOO _———————————— a) Utvdne fube, by Round Ugament of af ou ay Ligam end “| ovo A) utuune verely RY overuan vettels fh tel ene vaginal and ovarian nerve Pee q) dyneph verele and tynph tpoder x 2p eo phoxen: at poreophoxen: f panei T ) qarined duct: fiaeue bye 9 (ayant al the Cheofett ofs 1 and beloc it: bv oad Ligament Supodon quted Avteu < i Lou a Auto ~ Laters! darxaf Aloe! dupply of whoa Renta Auporton ver Anpesieet ie vagina! Av tes uteodne Avtow tyieldle Rectal Art ee padendel PbYuratox a | : ae | Anton Arte adVenoul _ olnalnas es oy -y ufedne > Av ten. viene i wt axound lateral border of the uloou wv dxaing tnte the Lyraphasic cuniney e 5 Anfernaf JUac veln sath fe. ie Lower. veytornal Mac Hoder + Andeornal fae Nooler + Aaval Node. ensure peragmranype ceneerel | Ce nde ae palm any Mutua fAetve Fibseo mutewtar/ Atepposct- Mechanical 1 5 dupport — Liaph ragm wadodne anid + formed by ofesinsal body. vpubocosuttel peritoneal * tigen er digamenta. edidtaf urethane) ig ! Aphind we drama t mechaniau: cescuica Ug” bRaroad bia > un whore cacved Vedi tou tu f Ugament poech urge “ phound ed . Rectoutexi wfeuu foul Applied Anatomy ay Ectopic preynancy — J} alphiingitla~ tyflamuatinn @ 0 plan by Hy ct ree tomy f f e Y caeutan Aection deep gesined poo ay feeekspasrer} oteuy er ’ sSuenbannent HCG —> Hy to Aalpingogsephy tegt exettra/ wr tbalboucetiac! f) tN vato nogrophy “bet dante & Aalping ita. perineal amageler dF Fibrotds 4 wh eruy , at 4 BI dne{ua vtoune Comlracepyiv ey.pho co ceygert: (sa Pelvic \ Ani ‘ alae Hhoee Coceny gee dia ivy, +— > Igchi ocoreyp eu. ) ) » tnfgson lagex of UGD. es ( passtnes) mauchyane ) Aupifival ddamueue > dupif rine uncle. Ayes youl sas ay ony OGD. ho otethl palute aiaphiagn, = & ~ 5 s Prelh pn mpeoyt " BR ib Pat 2 a as ie ple 31k - LPkgwn per opr! vm by partied Ipren fromecaus CEREARI Antroduction s A+tia the cohite matter prevent Pantie ventve] port of the cechvol peduncle: wit contalng all the dercen ding frac: Relation: (mr, LT, Ps] ay Media lly - nto p eduneclar fora 4) testexenlly ~ pach ees Mus of level of infoniow eo thouluy. sf poctenorly - Aubitanta igre yividion 5 Mt Ta diveded into three parte: ie middle Latecol ith aed jo } | 1 , i containg oft contort , pas elo pontine : conti nuclear {i ee, ee fibter olny to _ - different moto + Je sropentine bes nude’ ef cvaniaf You ; corticen pinal fibver + ocelpitepontine fibre. Alood apply —» vXhort cip euumnd cen fied Art eng — byanch of enter cexebrel Brey :5 Trochleart Nort vt? al in Iniaee “Tiechlenn Aa / Leminian utlery Os ig entin: q opm Antvesinel ——____, yubctantia niga. vact: 7 ) crus i Sng pt) pontin CEREART Jt’ Cv Pe Tr ioe : ‘ be ON contivexpinal Applied Anatomy Frerto= covt ieonucleny a) wok be Ayndsome. =v fides fibres tA tetton in the midbrain cau contvalatercl Hemiplegia and ipailatero povelyiia af the a ef the tyeball inoceaed deep Hefley, and lore of . Ay include — g tteyied wmefter. ‘) upper motor Neiron deslon of corttce spinal tvout. 2) Lowen mvfor neuron eiton of thitd tor and forth Mu. enue into contralateral temiplegia uuith jpailadesal porotyaie eT ty shall: + detion ourlo motor Ny producer a) a4 b) Arabi Amu e) Lor of papillary Lig ket rele and Retomedation Heflen«cohite omatt ex af Core bt ud Aarodation fibre { vy connect Liffecerct Aveas of aame Hem aph ey Abort a flee Ka Aveuate tape) zoned the Meee sams qr: ay Auperios frontal 1 Infexioe frontal qs _ commia ural s rj ect/on fibrer pe) [ere gonneete J ame Ascending Aer 4 and both descend in tracts: Femlapherer _ Aatoriatton yibeee : tn Fike a} deporte. longitudinal foveientns wi eto r slongtudinel ofemed abun SS Fro nto ocelpitaf faseteubuy A) Cingaleem ey Undnate faret ends.* Long itudin ° Aoticctalad et : feonte seetpital Bing ule, feces Linebte Adto dation fibrer) An fete eng itud ino} Yfenciadler: Ae A aan du. tr Lg (349,40) Com mult4 uscof fibua: oy tompud ealloatum Bo Antesion commidiure ey Portexiov commiddure yy tube malar Commitdure PF Hippocamp af Comme 4tee, , Conput calle daxaat commictuss| fibre ard —S a} Men “ Booky by apie Ay AptenteuaRody qe > Ap fenium Routan Gonnectd colcermne “ef fornia {Hippocampal commidceure gpnnecta Habenulay Nude Hebenut ax : Antecov Commidure. “COmmi4iune . » pineal gland connecta the pottexton most — finterioe Commi dacer e and infor on part of the deuporal conneds 2 Aske, including rAupanton collfealirs olfastory Lobe. ~fretectal Muster ~ Anteutitied Huleur wf Aled ugply cael oF Reet ouirn > Anterior evrcebvaf An beng by we me fronted bvancher & Rody — Avdedor ceuebval Artcey dy aplenium > posclentor cocebvef Arty, Venous duainoge —» of Arctesdoy cenebnaf ver. BY Choroid vein.Pn Hong, Q “rawufen ef tgonmine procety. Ay Trancfex of Apecch fonction. €} toovdination of Activitiey. Applied Anatonay _. PY Letion of aplenium _. affeda the Ivancfex of the. lnfcamaion {vem the ch eppodite vidual conte exxaca, BY Lecton of Comput Callodeem —_. pl Again. se) dection of Sovpat talloauw tray been atveupted Aung ically to prevent the Apread of deigune- fom one Hemaphere to other. posit fey oo he tes aAhelamo covet caf a), Covcfice nucle ay br Auditory Rad tation 5 covctice Apinal theo OF Viduol Rad tation, C) Covctico ponte cerebellaree ee [ a we Aceucli a ' [iss _y feucicecleu geass Gy PAT? >< 7 \ LNA tL QM ” VJenlas Lpino cerebell aeoh et oe Y —_ » Lefxof coticoapi : / Lad a en sebal Prtetepel _ refiote api nafs ess = 4 vectbule ; Helen qaeeatis on pruclett caeeett pe Vay, N yo | ad peal ap. er beeing PY pegteccal Flucleaa. WZ, infestox ° Comsey. pple5 Date:_L/ ‘ M9 Abies. PageNo-_ carers penton Coy a) _tevel of Hy Gap enion Coltreulen aaeeneeeeeneee Nuctt wd { i — - nl T $y Unpesea colts Joklea Muy ' - 2 COULM plecelee, « }_ ent ai a a Beminiad ! ee jaation of ~ Re ; = “ib