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What are CATKing Bible LOD 2 Books?

CATKing Bible LOD 2 Books are specially designed books which are useful in getting
students Boosted Up and Ready for All Management Entrance Tests (CAT / CET /
NMAT / CMAT / SNAP / TISSNET / MICAT / IIFT). They are recommended for all
students who wish to solve advanced-level questions in any section for any
Management Entrance Test.
How to make the best use of CATKing Bible LOD 2 Books?

i. Attend the CATKing Concept Builder Classes to gain an idea of what all are the
basic pointers of the chapters.
ii. Go through that chapter in the CATKing Bible LOD 1 Books and read all the
Theory and Formulae provided in the Introduction of the chapter.
iii. After studying for the theory, clear your basics from CATKing Bible LOD 1 by
solving basic questions and then solve advanced-level questions from CATKing
Bible LOD 2 books.
iv. Solve all the Questions provided on your own and then refer to the solutions at
the end so as to verify if you have solved the questions correctly or is there a
better smarter approach for the same question.
v. If you are able to solve the majority of questions correctly, then move to the
next step of preparation by taking the Topic-wise Tests.
vi. Once you are done with a good set of 4 - 5 Topics, give the Sectional and Full-
length Mocks and see where you stand.
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Table of Contents
Content Page
Questions 1
Solutions 57
Q get started…
Let’s
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Questions
S.1-100) Complete the paragraph with the most appropriate sentence to make it
logically coherent.
Q.1) The first wave in India and elsewhere clearly highlighted the weaknesses in
health delivery. Yet, nearly a year after hospitals were stretched beyond capacity
and beds and medical oxygen supplies were in short supply, no attempts have
been made either by the State or Union governments to significantly augment
medical oxygen supplies. According to reports, the Union government took eight
months to initiate steps to build oxygen generation plants that will reduce the
reliance on pressurised liquid oxygen.
A) Of the 162 plants approved, only 33 have been installed, the Health Ministry
tweeted.
B) Large buildings converted into temporary hospitals, without necessary oxygen
supplies to individual beds and sufficient care workers, can at best serve as
isolation centres.
C) But steroids such as dexamethasone may be better at helping patients on
oxygen support or on ventilator support from progressing to respiratory failure
and death.
D) With the virus unlikely to be eliminated in the near future, being better
prepared with vaccines and healthcare facilities will be a prudent way to save lives.
Q.2) The India Meteorological Department (IMD) has forecasted a ‘normal’

monsoon for this year. The agency’s parlance normally implies that the country
will get 96% to 104% of the 88 cm that it gets from June-September. This
quantity, called the Long Period Average (LPA), is a mean of monsoon rainfall
from 1961-2010. The IMD, for over 20 years now, follows a two-stage monsoon
forecast system. After the prognosis in April, it gives an updated estimate in late
May or early June. This includes an estimate of how much rain is likely in:
northwest India, northeast India, central India and the southern peninsula.
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Paracompletion
A) All of these updates are an extension of the IMD’s increasing reliance on

dynamical monsoon models.
B) Numbers are also given for July and August, which see two-thirds of the
monsoon rains and are the most important months for sowing.
C) Historically, predicting rain for June and September is challenging as it
corresponds to the monsoon’s entry and exit.
D) There will also be forecasts for what is called the monsoon core zone, which
represents most of the rain-fed agriculture region in the country.
Q.3) Disbelief was the first emotion when match-fixing reared its head in 2000. It
was a conflagration that hurt many high-profile cricketers including the late
Hansie Cronje, Mohammad Azharuddin and Saleem Malik. The allegations may
have failed to gain legal sanctity in long-drawn cases but the whispers remained.
The sordid saga had another instalment when spot-fixing hurt the 2013 Indian
Premier League forcing a cleansing of the Board of Control for Cricket in India
(BCCI). The same despondency was in vogue after the ICC mentioned Streak’s
transgressions even if the caveat was that his actions had no bearing on the
results of the games in which he was involved as a coach.
A) Streak was a crafty fast bowler and a useful batsman as evident in his combined
international tally of 455 wickets and 4933 runs during a 12-year career that
finished in 2005.
B) Streak’s dalliance with greed shows that the ICC’s fight against the scourge of
gambling and match-fixing is far from over.
C) Streak’s misdemeanour is also a step back for Zimbabwean cricket, which is
returning from a long-drawn administrative crisis that forced the early retirement
of the Flower brothers – Grant and Andy — and the exile of Henry Olonga.
D) Streak may not have fixed a contest but in sharing contacts of players with
bookies, he was paving the way for a probable underwhelming show.
Paracompletion
Q.4) Professional development of faculty of higher education in India started

formally with the establishment of academic staff colleges in 1986. Since the last
three decades, this domain has undergone several changes in its format,
objectives and content, but has not developed into a robust and professional
area with deep research foundations. A critical look at the decisions taken by the
Ministry of Human Resource Development and the University Grants
Commission reveals the reasons behind the current chaotic scenario.
A) Much before it came into its own in Western countries, faculty development in
higher education was discussed in India right in the first Education Commission
after independence.
B) Pragmatic suggestions for logistics accompanied the recommendation of the
Report of the University Education Commission 1948–49.
C) Policy changes, and the establishment and enrichment of dedicated nodal
centres of faculty development, are essential to address the pressing concerns.
D) Forty-eight academic staff colleges (ASCs) in different universities were
established as institutes fully funded by the UGC for faculty development, through
in-service training programmes.
Q.5) Our consciousness or experiences of space are gendered, men and women
perceive, experience and utilise space differently. As anthropologist Michelle
Rosaldo (1974) puts it, women’s position is the lowest in societies with highly
segregated public and private spheres. There are a lot of shrines in Kashmir with
internal spatial protocols, where access to the tomb is restricted. At most
shrines, women are forbidden to go near the tomb and sometimes even in the
central premises. To give a brief overview of the shrine and gender dynamics, I
visited three famous shrines of Kashmir, including Amir-i-Kabir, Dastgeer Sahib,
and Charar-i-Sharif, for my fieldwork.
Paracompletion
A) They believed that women should be forbidden near the tomb and the reason
that they tolerate women in the central premises is due to the paucity of space.
B) Both men and women can sit in the central premises of the shrine near the
tomb.
C) Amir-i-Kabir is one of the most revered shrines located in downtown Srinagar on
the banks of the river Jhelum.
D) Broadly, in all three shrines, men control the administrative arrangements and
spatial settings, a form of “spatial patriarchy”.
Q.6) As an individual, perhaps the biggest single thing you can do is not
contribute to overpopulation. Each extra person is one more consumer driving a
big car to that warehouse mega-store, buying cartloads of over-packaged stuff,
wanting to build a big new home in a new suburb, and then commuting to a job
from an increasingly greater distance from that home. Go ahead, have one child.
But do you really need two? Or three? Remember, there were only about 1.5
billion people on the planet when my grandfather was born.
A) And some people who completely misunderstand evolutionary psychology ask:

Aren’t we designed to reproduce our genes?
B) Now, in a few mere ticks of the evolutionary clock, there are five times as many.
C) Sounds good when you’re talking about eating Swiss chard as opposed to a
Hostess Twinkie, but if you think about parasitic wasps and the COVID-19 virus as
completely natural, you quickly see that natural ≠ good and that genetic
replication does not in any way translate into a moral imperative.
D) Overpopulation is an issue that many environmental activists are in denial
about because they don’t want to offend people who believe it is their religious
mandate to go forth and multiply, perhaps.
Paracompletion
Q.7) While it is good that the government has promptly extended and widened
the coverage of existing emergency credit line guarantees and some other
measures, these do not address the fresh injuries to employment and incomes.
The MGNREGA, which is one channel for such support, is limited to the rural
segment. The government has to quickly reach out to urban parts too; after
more than a year’s duration of the pandemic, expressing challenges and
difficulties of such outreach cannot be an excuse — if solutions haven’t been
thought of so far, consumption still has to be supported at the risk of leakages.
A) This is no doubt challenging given the adverse state of public finances and debt.
B) Insufficient redress is simply unacceptable.
C) This especially applies to personal and other services, involving public
interaction that is yet to recover from the first-round lockdown effects, which are
visible in the uneven economic normalization after reopening six months ago.
D) This brings us to the economics of this all — the additional expenditure
requirements.
Q.8) Our perception of time is shaped not only by past events but also by the
reasonable assumptions we make about what is likely to happen in the (more-or-
less near) future. About two months back, most of us (myself included) were
looking forward to a return to some semblance of pre-pandemic normalcy; now,
with the second wave in full flow, that possibility seems to have been snatched
away from us. On the one hand, the exponential increase of coronavirus cases is
like a speeded-up film where time is ever-accelerating and, on the other, the way
in which things remain the same (lockdowns, travel restrictions, closed schools
and colleges, the list goes on) seems to have brought time to a standstill. Our
vaunted ability to predict and/or control the future seems to have disappeared
completely, and all we can do is helplessly observe a time that is both
breathtakingly fast and heartbreakingly slow at one and the same moment.
Paracompletion
A) Instead, time sped up during lockdown for “40% of people and slowed down for
the remaining 40%”.
B) The paradox that is COVID-time offers neither hope nor consolation, only a
bleak, terrifying future.
C) Virtually, everyone I have spoken to during the last year has reported mild to
severe distortions in their sense of space and time.
D) Hundreds of thousands of young people, whose final school board examinations
have been put on hold, with not even tentative rescheduled dates announced,
have now joined this chorus.
Q.9) Often, a simple explanation has been offered for this — that the Bharatiya
Janata Party and its ideological mentors in the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh
have systematically denuded the Constitution because they had no part in
drafting it. Historians of the RSS and political psychologists may be able to test
the soundness of this claim. But there is a more uncomfortable truth that we
have steadfastly refused to confront — that the Constitution itself has never
seeped into the body politics in a way its drafters envisaged.
A) Despite such seeming pervasiveness, the Constitution appears to be singularly

failing at its core task of circumscribing the limits of acceptable politics.
B) The task of drafting the Constitution was left primarily to Ambedkar and the
Drafting Committee, a group dominated by lawyers who believed in establishing a
liberal democratic order based on enlightened European modernity.
C) This is not to say that the Constitution is not a powerful symbolic presence.
D) This vulnerability dates back to the very making of the Constitution itself.
Paracompletion
Q.10) India under Bose may not have seen the kind of social suppression that
dictatorships are usually associated with. The Indian Struggle confirms Bose’s
faith in a secular State where minorities do not become second-class citizens.
Bose’s India may also have industrialized faster than it did under Nehru,
achieving Bose’s target of a rapid rise in the standard of living and an ‘increase in
consumption by leaps and bounds.’ However, Bose’s obsession with socialism
and concentration of power may have set the wrong precedents for independent
India.
A) Nehru, for all his shortcomings, offered a utopian yet enduring idea of India,
one that in its syncretic and democratic roots remains imperfect yet imperative to
what India is today.
B) Bose, for all his qualities, would have offered a compelling but chaotic idea of
India, one which in its conflict between short-term necessities and long-term
ideals would have fundamentally altered what India is today.
C) History tells us that a single individual does not usually preside over both
revolution and reconstruction with the same success.
D) The image of Bose as omnipotent and omnipresent would have legitimized
more authoritarian personalities with less noble intentions to succeed him.
Q.11) Slim, light-skinned, and caring — the woman in numerous Indian

advertisements is everything a mother-in-law or a doting father could wish for.
The mother-in-law is overcome with amazement when her little grandson’s filthy
tee shines like new after his mother uses the even newer washing powder, while
a meal the younger woman cooks with ready-made spices under her
disapproving eyes has a similar effect — it turns out to be just like ‘mummy’s
cooking’. The young, still unmarried working woman does make financial
decisions — usually to insure her parents’ health or her father’s future after his
retirement.
Paracompletion
A) It might be added, however, that men in advertisements, too, are stereotyped,

objectified in a different way.
B) These are reflections of deeply-rooted prejudices in society.
C) And when she is married and is being looked after by an endearingly bumbling
young husband, it turns out that she is pregnant and must direct her spouse to
make practical arrangements for home supplies.
D) The purpose of the UNICEF study, however, is of great import.
Q.12) Leaving aside the responses from women lawyers that followed, including
one declaring that they were more than happy to take up professional duties,
the assumption of inequality in the idea of women prioritizing domestic
responsibilities over their profession cannot be ignored. It diminishes the
achievements of women in every professional field, including the hard work of
thousands in the unorganized sector. Besides, as one woman advocate
remarked, if this is a reason for women not to become judges, then they should
be given institutional support. The structural inequality should be addressed, not
taken for granted.
a) Men are appointed even though many refuse in order to continue practising as
lawyers, pointed out another.
b) The judiciary must set an example to society about never devaluing women’s
work and achievements.
c) One, the position of a judge cannot be applied for and two, the collegium that
appoints judges is all-male.
d) Why should women lawyers have to ask the court to intervene?
Paracompletion
Q.13) There is not only one injustice in this story. The first is clear: hundreds of
thousands of Black and Brown soldiers who died for Britain were not given the
graves, memorials or commemoration that they deserved. The second is that it
took so long for this travesty to be recognised, let alone corrected. It should not
have taken me to present a TV documentary for action to be taken or for
apologies to be made. The research that The Unremembered was based on was
completed by academic Michèle Barrett a decade previously, but it was ignored.
A) This could not be further from the truth.

B) This fact reflects poorly on the Commonwealth War Graves Commission, but it
is typical of so many institutions in this country that are reluctant to see prejudice
even when it is staring them in the face.
C) There can be no clearer evidence than this report that, in fact, the refusal to
accept the existence of institutional racism is a product of ignorance.
D) Let this teach us a lesson: we cannot hide from the worst parts of our history if
we want to move forward as a nation.
Q.14) It is 300 years since Scotland was last independent, sold into union with
England, wrote Robbie Burns, by “a parcel of rogues as a nation”. The union
achieved good and ill but it has clearly failed to gel. Whether English people – or
even some Scottish expatriates – are against independence is not the issue. Self-
determination means what it says. The 2011 census suggested that 83% of Scots
feel some Scottish identity, while 62% proclaim themselves “Scottish only”. If
they want to rule themselves, England must eat post-imperial humble pie and
accept.
A) For years, every policy move by London, from the poll tax to the Brexit sacrifice
of fishermen, further infuriates opinion in Scotland.
B) There is, however, a halfway house that London could offer Scotland.
C) In two weeks’ time Scotland will likely re-elect a government committed to
dismantling the United Kingdom.
D) It is nothing to do with economics but, as Johnson said of Brexit, about
sovereignty.
Paracompletion
Q.15) However, copying the German model is complicated because its clubs are
such strange beasts, for two reasons: history and culture. Until the 21st century –
and this is not a typo – even the biggest and richest German teams were
essentially amateur clubs run by volunteers. The idea that football is not a
business and that football clubs are not part of the entertainment industry still
permeates the German game to an astonishing degree.
A) Germany eventually followed suit, but helpfully the clubs were allowed to
maintain their charitable status.
B) For four decades after professionalism, German clubs were able to hold the
demons of commercialisation at bay.
C) Though it’s perhaps not quite so shocking given that Germany was the last
halfway-important footballing country to legalise professionalism and form a
nationwide league, the Bundesliga, which came into being only in 1963.
D) Football, however, began to draw such huge crowds that the question of paying
the players for their services was debated for decades.
Q.16) The number of people who have screened positive for an eating disorder
has nearly trebled since 2007, and NHS children’s eating disorder services are
now treating more people than ever before. Lengthy waiting lists have long been
the norm for eating disorder services. Although up to two million adults are
estimated to be living with an eating disorder, according to NHS benchmarking
only 11,000 were treated by a service last year. These numbers have surged
during the pandemic, in part because people’s support networks have been
dismantled, and access to community services has been reduced.
A) Infection control and social distancing measures have led to a reduced number
of inpatient beds, so very sick patients are struggling to get the help they need.
B) A group of MPs has recently called for the use of BMI in determining whether
someone needs support for an eating disorder to be scrapped.
C) In parallel with the obesity epidemic, the number of adults suffering from eating
disorders has risen steadily.
D) But this fails to recognise eating disorders as complex mental illnesses.
Paracompletion
Q.17) A consensus now exists that narcissists hide, both from themselves and
others, deficits in their self-image. And they typically overcompensate for their
underlying sense of inferiority by displaying to the world a calculated
manipulativeness that all-too-easily can fool those around them, seduced into
believing what the narcissist tells them, or shows them as representing the
essential truth of their being. If the narcissist’s over-confidence is fake, if it’s all a
mask to cover up worrisome self-doubts they’ve probably been afflicted by since
childhood, it’s still pivotal to their defence system. And their various mechanisms
of defence are massive, in many ways defining their entire personality.
A) What’s especially striking here is that, largely without any sort of developed
conscience themselves, they rely on their victim’s conscience to get what they
want from them.
B) What makes narcissists over-compensate — vs. compensate — for their chronic
anxieties and insecurities is that, deep down, they believe that to be okay, they
must be more than okay.
C) So, we certainly wouldn’t want them all gone.
D) But the circumstance that their egos are pumped up artificially is betrayed by
how rageful they get in the face of criticism.
Q.18) Promising Young Woman hits the spot in terms of current preoccupations
in a way of which its makers could only have dreamed. It has successfully
provided a totem pole for angry women to rally around. Yet doing this through a
stylised, cartoonish romp ensures that the real issues are avoided. The sweet
vengefulness of Carey Mulligan’s Cassie makes no sense psychologically; nor
does the instant penitence of her victims. Never mind – it is all as fantastical as a
rom-com; it is full of fun and twisty turns.
Paracompletion
A) In the end, it just tells us that rape is bad.

B) Yet, as such, it obscures rather than illuminates its subject.
C) Taken together, these films can hardly claim that their social relevance pre-
empts other considerations.
D) It is easier to challenge the system faced by the Chicago 7 than the more
perplexing institutional failures of our day.
Q.19) Showcasing exclusive footage from around the world after an

unprecedented year, the documentary special The Year Earth Changed, is a
timely effort that takes a fresh new approach to the global lockdown and the
uplifting stories that have come out of it. From hearing birdsong in deserted
cities to witnessing whales communicating in new ways to encountering
capybaras in South American suburbs, people all over the world have had the
chance to engage with nature like never before. In the one-hour special, viewers
will witness how changes in human behaviour — reducing cruise ship traffic,
closing beaches a few days a year, identifying more harmonious ways for
humans and wildlife to co-exist — can have a profound impact on nature.
A) In this way, the theme rejects the notion that mitigation or adaptation is the
only way to address climate change.
B) According to the official website, the theme for Earth Day 2021 is ‘Restore Our
Earth’, which focuses on natural processes, emerging green technologies, and
innovative thinking that can restore the world’s ecosystems.
C) The documentary, narrated by David Attenborough, is a love letter to planet
earth, highlighting the ways nature bouncing back can give us hope for the future.
D) With the use of cutting-edge cameras and a revolutionary post-production
process, “Earth at Night in Colour” presents nature’s nocturnal wonders with
striking new clarity.
Paracompletion
Q.20) The Bangladeshi artist, Ayesha Sultana, had moved, almost 12 years ago,
from figuration to geometry of rigour and optical guile that skitters through self-
referential permutations. Now, surprisingly, she returns to a representational
idiom, inspired by Nature. Yet, she had never been tempted into painting
landscapes before because her focus was liminal rather than panoramic as she
explored the interstices between materiality and void, pause and motion, the
repetitiveness of patterns and the teasingly open-ended configurations it yields.
A) The sky is given to moods.

B) What marked Sultana’s work over a period of seven years since it was first seen
in Calcutta was a flinty, cryptic leanness that, nevertheless, seemed to be lit by her
complicit winks.
C) Therefore, Sultana’s detour in her recent suite, which was on display at
Experimenter (Ballygunge Place) till April 10, is significant.
D) What happens, therefore, is the convergence of contrary pulls as
representational imagery is alchemized into fluid rhythms of colour and shape.
Q.21) With Asia at the centre of the world, major powers see value in
relationships with New Delhi. India fits into the U.S. frame to provide leverage.
China wants India, also a digital power, to see it as a partner, not a rival. And
China remains the largest trading partner of both the U.S. and India despite
sanctions and border skirmishes. These fluid relationships have their own trade-
offs, raising the question: whose interests do the current rules really serve?
India, like China, is uncomfortable with treating Western values as universal
values and with the U.S. interpretation of Freedom of Navigation rules in others’
territorial waters. New Delhi’s Indo-Pacific vision is premised on “ASEAN
centrality and the common pursuit of prosperity”. The European Union recently
acknowledged that the path to its future is through an enhanced influence in the
Indo-Pacific while stressing that the strategy is not “anti-China”.
Paracompletion
A) The global strategic balance will depend on new data standards.

B) India alone straddles both the U.S. and China-led strategic groupings, providing
an equity-based perspective to competing visions.
C) The U.S. position in trade, that investment creates new markets, makes it
similar to China’s Belt and Road Initiative.
D) Innovation based on data streams has contributed to China’s rise as the second-
largest economy and the “near-peer” of the U.S.
Q.22) Naturally, the gambling industry makes the most of such fallacies. Another
gambling misconception is the near-miss effect when an outcome differs just a
little from a winning one, which induces the gambler to believe that she was ‘so
close’ that she should try again. Here you might think of slots, scratch cards or
lottery, where such events are the most frequent, but virtually any game of
chance produces them. The near-miss effect involves incorrectly estimating
probabilities but is also linked to other conceptual inadequacies regarding
conditional probabilities and time-dependence.
A) Gambling has existed since antiquity, but in the past 30 years, it’s grown at a
spectacular rate, turbocharged by the internet and globalisation.
B) Gambling draws on a multitude of cognitive, social and psychobiological factors.
C) In such cases, the gambler mentally splits the winning outcome between the
‘matching’ and the ‘non-matching’ part – a mathematically irrelevant action – and
develops overconfidence in a new occurrence of the ‘matching’ part in a future
play.
D) All such cognitive distortions are recognised as important risk factors for
problem gambling.
Paracompletion
Q.23) As far as we know, early hunter-gatherer animist societies saw spirit

everywhere. All life possessed a special, non-physical essence. In European
classical thought, many also believed that every living thing had a soul. But souls
were graded. Humans were thought to have a superior soul within a hierarchy.
By the time of theologians such as the Italian Dominican friar and philosopher
Thomas Aquinas in the 13th century, this soulful view of life had retreated,
leaving humans the only creature still in possession of an immortal one. As
beings with unique souls, we were more than mere animals. Our lives were set
on a path to salvation.
A) In short, we’ve come to believe that our bodies and their feelings are a lesser
kind of existence.
B) Life was now a great chain of being, with only the angels and God above us.
C) He assumed, of course, that other animals don’t think.
D) The origins for this shift lie in the thinking of René Descartes, who gave the
world a new version of dualism.
Q.24) Without denying physical matter, Coleridge contended against what he

saw as abject materialism, which reduced all qualities to quantity and collapsed
physical forces into the matter. On this point, history now sides with Coleridge
against the materialists, and philosophers sympathetic with the intent of
materialism now generally identify not with ‘materialism’ but with ‘physicalism’,
or the view that the fundamental components of the Universe are whatever
physics will eventually conclude they are.
A) This inclusive attitude is one of the strengths of Coleridge’s approach, which

grew from his celebrated powers of synthesis.
B) It also illuminates Coleridge’s poetry as the expression of a unified view of the
world, not as mere matter clumping together in a happy coincidence.
C) Current thinking in quantum physics construes these elements as fundamental
forces, which Coleridge himself argued.
D) Beyond the ‘cultivating’ merits of Coleridgean synthesis, it’s also valuable to
delve into the content of his philosophy.
Paracompletion
Q.25) Some people have argued that women are at a higher risk of dementia
because, on average, men have larger brains than women, but this crude
argument rapidly falls down because men are not more intelligent than women.
While men do have bigger brains, on average and accounting for body size,
women have a thicker cerebral cortex – the outer layer of the brain responsible
for interpreting sensation, as well as higher cognitive abilities.
A) These things and many more all influence the development of dementia and the
way that dementia is diagnosed.
B) Gender is a cultural construct that men and women have defined social roles
based on these biological attributes.
C) When I diagnose dementia, it’s based on my subjective judgment that the
person’s cognition has declined to the point that they can no longer fulfil their
social role
D) These differences are subtle, and it’s impossible to look at an MRI of a brain and
determine whether it’s from a man or a woman.
Q.26) Global enterprises are expected to invest $98 billion in artificial

intelligence (AI) by 2023 and India’s share in it will be about $1 billion, said
Project Management Institute (PMI), a Philadelphia-based non-profit
organisation with about 28,000 individual members in India. However, some $54
billion — 55% of this proposed global investment — may go waste due to lack of
familiarity or understanding of newer practices, technologies and tools and
inability to optimise data. Consequently, the corresponding wastage in India will
be $484 million, as per PMI’s estimates.
A) Many companies are deploying AI projects through trial and error methods.
B) The global failure rate of 55% was applied to India as well, as there was no
comparable data available for the country as of now.
C) To avoid failure, it is also critical to achieving 80% of the outcome from 20% of
the data instead of going ocean surfing.
D) Further, poor management practices alone may lead to global losses of $11
billion, that is 11.4% of the total investments of $98 billion.
Paracompletion
Q.27) All art begins with a dot and when the dots are connected the line appears.
It is the artist who makes the line his own and embarks on a personal creative
journey. Bindu, also known as ‘dapsa’ or ‘avayava’ in Sanskrit, is the point
around which the mandala is created representing the universe. In its most
simplistic form, mandalas are circles contained within a square and are arranged
into sections organised around a single central point called the Bindu. The term
‘Bindu’ instantly brings to the mind celebrated artist S.H. Raza, since it was the
centre of his life and work. In the Hindu and Buddhist traditions, mandalas are
objects of meditation to aid spiritual development.
A) Each work thus looks different and I have created nearly 200 over the years.
B) Mandala art found its way into the life of Shan Jain, a self-taught artist, nearly
10 years ago.
C) The belief is that by entering the mandala and moving towards the centre, one
is guided through the cosmic process of transforming the universe from one of
suffering into one of bliss.
D) He, therefore, used it as a tool to encourage his patients to create their own
mandalas and he found that it helped to soothe their chaotic mental states.
Q.28) An over-medicalised public health emergency is a disaster superimposed

on another. Multiple fundamental aspects of COVID-19 vaccines and the
protection afforded by them still remain fuzzy. Further, there are non-negotiable
aspects such as the lag between vaccination and protection, and the gargantuan
challenge of vaccinating a large population as ours.
A) This has failed, and that too during more pressing times than before.
B) As is often humorously exclaimed, the worst way to calm someone down is by
telling them to calm down.
C) Overcoming our preoccupation with medical solutions and looking at
behavioural approaches as more than mere rituals will be imperative to combat
this second wave.
D) Unfortunately, the public health messaging strategy during the second wave
has been more generic, muffled, and far more equivocal than the first wave.
Paracompletion
Q.29) Despite its ubiquity, there’s nothing necessary about authenticity. First of
all, it’s a luxury: only those comfortable enough to take the necessities of life for
granted can turn their attention to authenticity. Secondly, authenticity has a
history. Other cultures and times haven’t given the self nearly so much weight,
nor have they frowned so much upon conformity. Self-actualisation is often
subordinated, if not completely subsumed, by service to the family, to tradition,
or to God.
A) Thinking about the history and contingency of authenticity – as with any

concept – can help us understand how best to approach it.
B) Authenticity seems, at least initially, to have had a religious component.
C) And there’s a deeper absurdity to authenticity, too.
D) To see what’s new here, consider the difference between Moses’ 40 years in
the desert and Jesus’ 40 days.
Q.30) Into this American spotlight stepped Ivy Litvinov, ready to shine in her
unofficial diplomatic role as the Soviet ambassador’s wife. She had prepared for
this moment in the previous two decades, when her Moscow apartment had
served as a receiving room for foreign visitors to the USSR, eager for the type of
conversation that only Ivy could provide. Known in the West as ‘Madame
Litvinoff’, she occupied a unique and precarious position in the Soviet capital.
A) She offered ease of conversation, empathy and witty ripostes to Anglophone

guests to the USSR who often entered her living room in a state of culture shock.
B) She set out to make ‘Madame Litvinoff’ a household name.
C) Madame Litvinoff took on an outsized role in Soviet diplomacy precisely
because she could speak fluently to those visitors in their own language.
D) In the Kremlin’s shadow, she had welcomed Anglophone visitors to her table for
tea and lively conversation in her native tongue.
Paracompletion
Q.31) Many development projects, aiming to modernise and control pastoralists,

have failed over the years because they haven’t appreciated the way that
dynamic systems work. They’ve imposed fixed, technical solutions, attempting to
control variability through fencing, water-points, exotic animal breeds and so on.
However, attempting to stabilise and control a dynamic system didn’t result in
the productivity gains imagined. Pastoralists by contrast don’t try to eliminate
variability; they make use of it.
A) They had no appreciation for pastoralists’ skilled practices.

B) When this carefully attuned system is disrupted, production collapses and
livelihoods suffer.
C) To do so requires skill and practice, and often highly sophisticated herding
practices that allow animals to harvest nutrients from growing plants, in order to
maximise production across hugely varied and variable landscapes.
D) However, in the late 1970s, a challenge to the conventional rangeland and
livestock management ideas emerged from within the science of ecology.
Q.32) Psychology is not solely the science of the mind. It’s a form of knowledge
enmeshed with our mythical understanding of deeper questions of significance.
In our secular age, many people no longer turn to sacred books to understand
who and what they are. Psychology is where many find meaning. Indeed, the
stories we tell ourselves through psychology fulfil many of the same functions
served in the traditional belief practices of mythology. Falling somewhere
between social science, natural science, and human science, it isn’t simple to
determine which type of knowledge the study of the mind is supposed to pursue.
A) Contemporary psychology is a form of mythology in so far, as it is an attempt to

succour our need to believe in stories that provide a sense of value and
signification in the context of secular modernity.
B) And in our time its aspect is to be found in psychology.
C) Psychology aspires to the status of the physical sciences, but it tries to explain
much more and ends up revealing much less.
D) But that’s not entirely accurate.
Paracompletion
Q.33) Despite putting questions to nature, as the philosopher Francis Bacon once
suggested, science has revealed to us a strangely silent world. Where once
divinity’s lessons were read out from the structure of the cosmos itself, now
outer space answers our outward-bound signals with only stony stillness. There
is no response to our call. Where once the bestiary and fable allowed each and
every animal to sing to us its instructive lesson, we now recognise that we have
never yet held a philosophical dialogue with another species.
A) Perhaps they could wage ‘psychological warfare’ on enemy submarines.

B) He foresaw dolphins being deployed as deep-sea rescue teams or ocean-floor
cartographers.
C) The animals don’t speak to us.
D) Where once we felt convinced that we were in harmonious conversation with
nature writ large, where there might be miscommunications but the back-and-
forth would go on interminably, now there is one particular silence we fear the
most: that of our own potential extinction.
Q.34) Aristotle called this imaginative power phantasia. We might mistakenly

think that phantasia is just for artists and entertainers, a rare and special talent,
but it’s actually a cognitive faculty that functions in all human beings. The actor
might guide us, but it’s our own imagination that enables us to immerse fully
into the story. If we activate our power of phantasia, we voluntarily summon up
the real emotions we see on stage: fear, anxiety, rage, love, and more.
A) The same is true in the theatre, the movie, the novel.

B) In waking life, we see this voluntary phantasia at work but, for many of us, the
richest experience of phantasia comes in sleep, when the involuntary imagination
awakes in the form of dreams.
C) During REM sleep, your body is turned off by the temporary paralysis of sleep
atonia, but your limbic brain is running hot.
D) The dreaming brain isn’t aware that the monster chasing us is unreal.
Paracompletion
Q.35) To better understand how the brain underlies selfhood, we need to

understand its complex form; its intricate structure at the level of connections
between neurons. After all, the understanding biological structure has revealed
the nature of many diverse life forms. Plants thrive because their typically broad
leaves are perfect for transducing light energy into vital chemical energy.
Similarly, eyes, whether human or insect, enable the transduction of light from
one’s surroundings into electrical signals within the nervous system. These
impulses carry information that represents features of the surrounding
environment.
A) Upon birth, a person’s brain structure is largely prescribed by experience in the

womb and their unique genetic code.
B) But when it comes to the relationship between structure and function, brains
have remained an enigma.
C) Today, we define life and death by the presence or absence of brain activity.
D) What is it about a brain that creates individual experience?
Q.36) Mapping a connectome at the level of single neurons, however, is

currently impossible in a living animal. Instead, animal brains must be extracted,
perfused with a fixative such as formaldehyde and sliced up as many times as
possible before being analysed structurally in order to painstakingly find
individual neurons and trace their paths. To achieve this, the properties of each
new slice are recorded using various microscopy techniques. Once that’s been
done, patterns of electrical flow can be estimated from different neuron types
and from connections that excite or inhibit other neurons.
A) What’s crucial is that the extracted brain is preserved accurately enough to

maintain its intricate, complex connectome before it’s sliced up.
B) Currently, it’s unlikely that any human brain has been preserved with its entire
connectome perfectly intact.
C) Theoretically, the logic suggests the prospect of escaping death.
D) Slicing up a brain for connectome mapping thus requires preserving it as soon
as possible to minimise this damage.
Paracompletion
Q.37) The leaders convened by the US president have an opportunity to explore

and, hopefully, agree on new, more ambitious goals and commitments in the key
areas of mitigation, adaptation and finance, which are at the heart of the climate
regime, and to seek common ground on other pressing issues. This will prove
invaluable as the international community prepares for the upcoming Cop26, to
be held in Glasgow under the presidency of the United Kingdom.
A) By promoting change within its borders and fostering stronger ambition

overseas, the US government is helping to move the climate agenda forward.
B) The United States’ renewed commitment to the cause of climate change is a
source of justified optimism.
C) To overcome it, global leadership must be extraordinary.
D) This is a time for leadership, courage and determination: a time for tough
decisions to lead the transformation towards an unprecedented era of growth,
prosperity and hope for all.
Q.38) In sum, humans may have an innate tendency toward religion, but this
doesn’t mean that people will develop religious beliefs on their own if not
exposed to them in childhood. Religion provides comfort for people in an
uncertain and frightening world, and yet we also see that when the government
provides for the welfare of the people, they no longer need religion.
A) But the data from this study suggest that the secularization process may be
more complex than originally thought.
B) Most surprising to the researchers was that they found no support for
secularization theory.
C) In the United States, social security systems are weak, and universal healthcare
is non-existent.
D) Given the track record in Western Europe over the last half-century, it’s clear
that governments can placate the existential concerns of the masses far more
effectively than the Church ever did.
Paracompletion
Q.39) All the while, he was carrying some other pictures with him; photos he’d
recently taken of his friend John Giorno, an artist and poet, at Giorno’s
exhibition opening, in August 2019. Giorno, who was once Andy Warhol’s lover,
and appeared in REM’s last music video (for We All Go Back To Where We
Belong), died while Stipe was in Europe. His death changed the nature of Stipe’s
photography project. “I had the rolls of film in my bag and the moment he died, I
thought, I need to include John,” he says.
A) What he has done in his decade of non-music time is make art: mostly
photography, though he also creates sculpture and video.
B) Stipe, 61, is best known as a singer, but his band REM broke up in 2011.
C) So, he expanded the book’s concept to include people other than women – “to
de-gender the project”, as he puts it.
D) Abruptly, Stipe had to become domestic: organising and caring, doing practical
and maintenance jobs that he hadn’t done for years.
Q.40) I don’t know if that story’s true. I don’t know if any of the stories told
about Lala Amarnath are true in fact, but they are true in essence. He wasn’t the
most popular among peers or officials, but he was one of the most colourful men
to have played for India. His language, in his native Punjabi, was purple, and he
occasionally let slip some of it when he was broadcasting. He was also an
amazing cricketer — India’s first century-maker, first captain of Independent
India, a medium-pacer with 463 First Class wickets, and a wicketkeeper who
once held five catches while substituting for the injured first-choice.
A) There is a lovely story of the Indian team arriving in Pakistan on the 1977-78
tour.
B) I finally met him, and spent some time with him, in Pakistan.
C) He was awarded the Padma Bhushan by the Government of India.
D) Who have been India’s most colourful cricketers?
Paracompletion
Q.41) Nestled among the Orobic alps, the Italian valley of Valtellina is known
across Europe for its glorious apples. The fruits grown on its terraced slopes are
recognized by the European Union as products of protected geographical
indication, due to their distinctively crunchy texture and fragrant flavour. The
trees themselves have also turned the valley into a destination. During spring,
hikers and bikers flock to trails among the flowering apple orchards and their
stunning Alpine backdrop. But in recent weeks, the valley has made headlines for
a dramatic reason.
A) Beneath the thin ice, the apple blossoms look like they have been frozen in
time.
B) After unusually warm weather in March, Arctic air swirled into southern Europe,
driving April temperatures well below the monthly average.
C) The farmers of Valtellina deliberately froze their flower-covered apple trees,
sheathing them in ice.
D) For days, photos of eerie candle-lit vineyards went viral on social media.
Q.42) Coffee jelly might seem like nouvelle cuisine of the highest order, seeing as
most of us are used to having our coffee as a liquid rather than a solid. But it’s
actually the opposite. Early recipes for coffee jelly are at least as old as Durgin-
Park. One recipe, from an 1836 issue of New York’s Lady’s Book magazine told
readers to mix coffee with the gelatine produced by boiling a calf’s foot. With
cream and sugar, it became an elegant dessert. Gelatine, for much of the 19th
century, was a luxury, requiring boiled animal parts and a cool enough spot to
allow it to set.
Paracompletion
A) Coffee jelly is there, too, served with sugar and cream, and Farmer’s columns
over the next few decades recommended the jelly as a dessert, alongside other
New England specialities such as Boston baked beans and summer squash.
B) This shine also applied to restaurants such as Durgin-Park, which made coffee
jelly with their leftover brew.
C) A platter of shimmering coffee jelly, turned out of a decorated mould and
served with a cream sauce, would have elicited ooh’s and aah’s at a tea or dinner
party.
D) As the 19th century turned into the 20th, jellies became much more egalitarian.
Q.43) The giant cloud rat fossils come from Callao Cave and its immediate
vicinity. The site has made headlines before, in 2019, when researchers
announced the discovery thereof fossils of Homo luzonensis, the newest addition
to our extended human family. The oldest cloud rat fossils date to about 67,000
years ago and were found in the same layer of excavation as H. luzonensis.
A) Even though the fossils are mostly teeth—those recently found at the site as
well as previously unstudied specimens collected there decades earlier—there was
enough variation to confirm multiple new species.
B) Several cloud rats, including the newly discovered fossil species, are considered
giants, at least by rodent standards.
C) The youngest rodent fossils, from two of the three species, are just a few
thousand years old.
D) The living fauna here is already staggering in its biodiversity, but adding these
animals, to the fossil record, is amazing, even to us.
Q.44) Before 1996, much of this national collection was in storage at the Tower
of London with only a small fraction open to the public. This museum alongside
the River Aire in Leeds has made available a greater portion of the collection for
the public, which is said to have been started by Henry VIII. The collection also
incorporates several other important weapons collections. The arms and armour
on display are dominated by British-produced items, but there is a large
contribution from other European countries and other nations.
Paracompletion
A) The museum also has sites at the Tower of London and Fort Nelson near
Portsmouth.
B) Next to the museum is an arena with a traditional tiltyard, where jousting
exhibitions and other horse-based military displays are regularly held.
C) The nearest parking can be found at Clarence Dock, but cheaper locations are
available nearby.
D) There are galleries entirely devoted to self-defence weapons and another
dedicated to hunting weaponry.
Q.45) Amtrak eventually took over intercity passenger rail service from 20
different private railroads to cobble together a national system. At the time,
many people thought this was just delaying the inevitable end of passenger rail
service, and that the whole thing would fail within a few years. As part of the
deal, Amtrak also acquired a fleet of dilapidated locomotives and passenger cars
to support the service. The equipment came in a rainbow of colours from
railroads with names such as Penn Central, Great Northern, and Santa Fe.
A) Shortly before Amtrak’s debut on May 1, 1971, the company decided to paint at
least one locomotive for an opening day press event.
B) At the time, painting any of it was the last thing on anyone’s mind.
C) For railroad enthusiasts, the arrival of Amtrak was a mixed blessing.
D) Since their creation around a century and a half earlier, railroads had been a
primary mover of both freight and passengers.
Q.46) At first, spiritual democracy seems like an oxymoron, a contradiction in

terms. Democracy belongs to the worldly sphere of politics, to the hustle and
bustle of elections, to the rousing rhetoric of manifestoes and agendas. The
spiritual belongs to the elevated place of the transcendent, beyond the
distracting tumult of the here and now. So, how can the two be yoked together?
Then, I thought of the life and times of Tom Paine, the 18th-century English
political philosopher and activist who coined the name ‘The United States of
America’.
Paracompletion
A) But he left a legacy of freedom, of independence of the spirit, by the spirit, and
for the spirit which shall not perish from the earth.
B) Citizen Paine was an odd chap indeed.
C) Accused of treason, he fled to post-Revolution France which having overthrown
its own ‘ancient regime’ initially greeted him with open arms.
D) Working as a printer’s apprentice, Paine published a slew of impassioned
pamphlets urging freedom from the ‘crowned ruffians’ of the Old World of
England and Europe.
Q.47) Everyone has a story, made up of several chosen stories, that we

repeatedly tell ourselves about ourselves, and tell others too; it hinges on how
we want to be seen. This narrative plays a role not only in shaping our own self-
concept but also in how we approach situations, relationships and decision-
making. One’s composite personal story contains events or aspects of our history
which may be factual, but the way we select some and leave others out,
subjectively interpret them and thread them into our main personal narrative
reshapes and alters the bare facts.
A) All this suggests we should not rush into this, but first seek to understand the
reasons and benefits of slowly and compassionately redefining the narrative.
B) Take time to truly figure out who you fully are, your gifts and your failings.
C) How we feel about our lives right now is a matter of the stories that we tell
ourselves repeatedly.
D) The key to personal transformation is story transformation.
Q.48) Sing and dance, and completely merge yourself into the dancing and
singing. The moment the dancer has disappeared and only the dance remains,
you have entered. The moment the singer has disappeared and only singing has
remained, you have entered. Forget the dancer, the centre of the ego. Become
the dance. That is the meditation. Dance so deeply that you completely forget
that you are dancing and begin to feel that you are the dance. The division must
disappear. Then, it becomes a meditation.
Paracompletion
A) So, don’t approach this inner search in a serious way.

B) And be playful.
C) God has not created the world.
D) If there is division, then it is an exercise: Good, healthy, but it cannot be said to
be spiritual.
Q.49) Relatedly, in light of the right to an education that affirms the importance
of formative assessments, teachers could be invited to engage in evaluating
student’s performance across the year. If there are concerns around the
tendency of schools to self-bolster their performance, reports, portfolios,
samples of responses, and grades could be shared across a pool of schools so
that teachers can anonymously assess and provide insightful feedback on
student performance until a sense of self-accountability and trust can be
cultivated.
A) For instance, one of the challenges is deemed as students ‘cheating’ if the

exams were to be conducted online.
B) Opening up possibilities of evaluating students on their performance through
the year will contribute towards making evaluation and learning much more
holistic.
C) Students and parents have valid concerns about the future, which include
admissions to higher educational institutions.
D) The National Curriculum Framework of 2005 affirms the importance of
embracing the emotional, social, physical and intellectual growth of children
within a framework of human values.
Q.50) The antagonism between the meditative life and the practical life is only a
supposed one, not a real one. If it exists at all, it exists only between their
extreme and, therefore, abnormal forms, between the wholly inactive trance
state — which is temporary — and the wholly active extrovert state — which is
diseased. The proper human life is not only practical but also meditative.
Paracompletion
A) There is necessarily a contrast between the two qualities but there need not be
an antagonism.
B) Ought we to flee the world and live in ascetic disdain of its attractions?
C) This is needed whether the activity is mental or physical.
D) The answer is that both courses are correct.
Q.51) A few years ago while emptying out my storage locker in the U.S., I found
boxes of letters that friends and family had sent in the days before email. My
mother’s handwriting fills every possible inch of the aerogramme letters,
eventually crawling sideways along the margins to squeeze in the last bit of news
from Kolkata. In the end, a tiny rectangle is left for my father, who I suspect
wrote his bit under strict instructions from my mother.
A) But any day a letter arrived was a red-letter day in our immigrant lives because
despite its humble, even banal details, it smelled of home.
B) It had to be worth the price of the stamp.
C) Ray and Sen could duel via letters without shedding their dignity because of the
respect in which they held each other.
D) The truth is while we think we can all write letters, not all of us can be men of
letters.
Q.52) Even as the Oscars roll out, we remain engrossed in only one story.
Whether a fan of apocalypse movies or not, we’re living in what seems like one.
Yet no bare-chested muscled star emerges every gelled hair in place, to super-
power the virus to another planet, nor any wild-haired genius to lock it into a
time machine to another dimension to become someone else’s problem. The
film we’re speeding through is more reality TV, without the glamour of fake tears
dripping off fake eyelashes.
Paracompletion
A) There is neither script (despite the rollicking conspiracy theories) nor an idea of
who will be called on next.
B) Someday, (and we will get to this day), we will look back — and applaud those
who starred in this film.
C) A child who screams when his screen is turned off. A woman who smiles from a
wall.
D) The exhausted hero is the autorickshaw driver who ferries passengers free in
any emergency to the nearest hospital.
Q.53) AMR represents an existential threat to modern medicine. Without

functional antimicrobials to treat bacterial and fungal infections, even the most
common surgical procedures, as well as cancer chemotherapy, will become
fraught with risk from untreatable infections. Neonatal and maternal mortality
will increase. All these effects will be felt globally, but the scenario in the low-
and middle-income countries (LMICs) of Asia and Africa is even more serious.
LMICs have significantly driven down mortality using cheap and easily available
antimicrobials.
A) Major pharmaceutical companies have largely abandoned innovation in this

space.
B) While the range of initiatives that seek to control the emergence and spread of
AMR is welcome, there is a need to recognise the limitations of a siloed approach.
C) In the absence of new therapies, health systems in these countries are at severe
risk of being overrun by untreatable infectious diseases.
D) Drug resistance in microbes emerges for several reasons.
Q.54) An example of such a social protection scheme is the Poor Law System in
Ireland. In the 19th century, Ireland, a country that was staggering under the
weight of poverty and famine, introduced the Poor Law System to provide relief
that was financed by local property taxes. These laws were notable for not only
providing timely assistance but maintaining the dignity and respectability of the
poor while doing so. They were not designed as hand-outs but as necessary
responses to a time of economic crisis.
Paracompletion
A) Generally, social assistance schemes are provided on the basis of an assessment

of needs.
B) With the advancements in knowledge and technology, universal coverage of
social welfare is possible in a shorter time frame.
C) However, it shows us what is possible.
D) Today, the social welfare system in Ireland has evolved into a four-fold
apparatus that promises social insurance, social assistance, universal schemes, and
extra benefits/supplements.
Q.55) The ease with which the Maoists are able to strike at security forces and
indulge in indiscriminate killing from time to time has confounded many
analysts. The frequency of attacks may fluctuate depending on the preparedness
of the extremists and the strength of the establishment’s retaliation. But the
tactics of the Maoists have not changed greatly. They usually spread
misinformation about the numbers of Maoists on the ground in a village as well
as their location. Communication equipment in the hands of government forces
has not greatly improved over the years. Ambushes have, therefore, yielded rich
dividends to the rebels.
A) Advocacy in favour of amelioration of living conditions is hard to dismiss.

B) There is an element of fatigue that afflicts both sides.
C) It is an entirely different matter that they have also paid substantially with the
lives of their own ranks.
D) But unconventional wars are not fought merely on the ground; they are battles
between minds of steel.
Q.56) Unsuspecting bookstore browsers are sure to be taken in by the cover of

Moni Mohsin’s latest novel. Yellow stars jump off a cheerful purple background,
suggesting that this is a light-hearted read. Yet, any Mohsin fan will immediately
tell you that the title, The Impeccable Integrity of Ruby R, betrays the subject.
Mohsin, who in Pakistan is best known for her column “Diary of a Social
Butterfly,” would never describe anyone’s integrity as impeccable with a straight
face.
Paracompletion
A) In it, Ayesha Khan, a journalist working in Karachi, wants to find love but shuns
the attention of men who do not see her as an intellectual equal.
B) This is the kind of entertainment typically kept hidden from disapproving
fathers and uncles, lest they tell you to read the newspaper instead.
C) After all, many of her previous characters have boasted similar virtues, only to
be taken to task by the obstacles thrown their way through the course of the
novels.
D) Critics have praised the novel both for its choice of protagonist and for its
refusal to pass her off as a mere victim of her circumstances.
Q.57) It’s great to own music in physical formats. That way, you can play the
song you like whenever you want in any setting of choice. This also means you
can’t have all the music that’s out there. Also, music is about shared listening,
meaning you listen to a record with a few friends and then share thoughts about
it. Almost any music streaming service can put you closer to almost all the
popular songs that are available, though some musicians are still holding out.
A) Or you can head over to the Internet Archive and then narrow down the search
using year, genre and artiste parameters.
B) The Internet Archive has been working in partnership with George Blood LP
since 2016 to digitise thousands of 78rpm records.
C) Thanks to the Great 78 Project, over 250,000 records have been preserved.
D) But it’s recordings that once appeared on 78rpms that’s largely missing from
the streaming world.
Q.58) Probably, the biggest factor making VTubers a phenomenon is the huge
audience for Japanese media and culture, like anime, outside Japan. When the
Japanese economy had slowed down in the 1970s, reality became bleak, making
young people turn towards newer art forms. The same is happening again. The
pandemic has upended the economy, to say the least. And youngsters are once
again turning towards new creative outlets. Of course, YouTubers are not going
to go away but they can always look at newer ways to explore different sides to
their personalities.
Paracompletion
A) There is, of course, music which is a big domain for VTubers, beyond which are
brand campaigns.
B) With improvements being made to AR and VR, possibilities are endless for
VTubers.
C) This week, Netflix has joined the VTuber trend by unveiling a virtual streamer
who will host a weekly show on the company’s YouTube channel to promote its
original anime series
D) Being a part of WWE and being a VTuber are not very different as both involve
having an alternate existence.
Q.59) Ad-tech conceals a dirty secret. It is increasingly personal and relies on

tracking people. Re-targeting has been used by marketers to follow customers
around. Small bits of code that were downloaded onto your computers and
mobile phones enable companies to track customers, no matter which website
they visit. This small code constantly aggregates data and serves up appropriate
content, campaigns and banners to entice customers into buying whatever they
are selling. If you visited a clothing website or clicked on a banner and were
surprised that no matter where you go you get information about the same
apparel company, you are being tracked.
A) On the bright side, our digital identity can help solve a host of issues around
health, travel, governance and much more.
B) People are not really paying attention to their privacy.
C) A constant reminder to finalise the purchase.
D) However, ad tech is also not the only culprit.
Paracompletion
Q.60) Shillong is rain and sun, flesh, and blood, Assam Rifles and Cherry Blossom
Festivals. In ‘Name, Place, Animal, and Thing’, it is also an immaterial longing.
But the city, which is identified as “boring” and “sleepy” throughout the book,
has also given the author a rich palette with which to create this work. I do
recognise its aim and aspiration, especially as a work that explores the North
East. In a recent interview with Assam Tribune, Lyndem states that Name should
be read so as to “…give people in the rest of the country a sense of how we
lived…what life was like for us in the North-East.” In light of the historical politics
of representation surrounding North-East India in the literary world, Name
certainly presents a window into the “curious” lives of people in the region; and
it does so through the eyes of a child and young-adult female protagonist.
A) It is this attention to nuance in its articulation of a critical, albeit fragile subject

matter that makes the book’s commentary powerful.
B) However, in terms of a deeper political and aesthetic immersion, the book has
very little to offer.
C) Their appearance in the text certainly helps to explore racial injustice against
minorities in Shillong.
D) While this is perhaps intentional, in order to underscore the multicultural
history of Shillong, it also comes off as an inadvertently tokenistic gesture.
Q.61) In February 2020, the families of three cisgender girls filed a federal
lawsuit against the Connecticut Association of Schools, the non-profit
Connecticut Interscholastic Athletic Conference and several boards of education
in the state. The families were upset that transgender girls were competing
against the cisgender girls in high school track leagues.
A) There is no scientific case for excluding them.

B) State legislators around the country are pushing bills that would force trans girls
to compete on boys’ teams.
C) They argued that transgender girls have an unfair advantage in high school
sports and should be forced to play on boys’ teams.
D) Conservatives around the country have jumped on the question.
Paracompletion
Q.62) This is a unique moment in American history. The crucial question is

whether current or future white and Black leaders of these powerful institutions
appreciate that chronic crisis can only be ended if they negotiate the changes
needed to move the country towards the democratic ideals it put on paper
centuries ago. There are glimmers of hope that the current protests have been
sufficient to compel negotiations that have already led to some reforms
(outlawing chokeholds, for example) and put more on the table for the first time,
such as defunding the police.
A) They are the first concessions granted because they are not expensive.
B) The protests are dominating television, print and radio news cycles, and riveting
attention on systemic racism.
C) If these initial signs do not mature into systemic reform, then national crisis-
packed disruption will be needed to move the United States towards a more
perfect union.
D) The structural changes that can reduce or eradicate systemic racism are
altogether different from cultural changes.
Q.63) When we talk, we naturally gesture — we open our palms, we point, we

chop the air for emphasis. Such movement may be more than superfluous hand
flapping.
A) More recent work suggests that telling learners to move in specific ways can
help them learn—even when they are unaware of why they are making the
motions.
B) Watch a teacher’s movements or use their hands and arms to imitate the
instructor.
C) A growing field of psychological research is exploring the potential of having
students or teachers gesture as pupils learn.
D) It helps communicate ideas to listeners and even appears to help speakers think
and learn.
Paracompletion
Q.64) Before the pandemic grounded most of us if you’d ever ridden the subway
or a bus, flew on a commercial flight or, heck, been anywhere in public with lots
of other people, chances are you’d have seen a familiar thing: all heads around
you bowed, eyes locked intently on a cell-phone screen. If people had near-
constant phone fixation in the pre-pandemic times, it might be safe to call it a
flat-out phone addiction in the age of rolling lockdowns and perpetual social
distancing; one survey found that average U.S. adult smartphone time surpassed
three hours a day for the first time ever in 2020.
A) We can feel less stressed and more empowered if we try to create a life of
meaning—without our phones.
B) A lot of this screen time is likely mindless scrolling from one post to another—in
one way, it’s a distraction from thinking about the strife in one’s own life and in
the world.
C) And journalist Christiane Gelitz explores the debate over whether you can read
a lie on someone’s face.
D) Once you’ve finished this absorbing collection, I recommend stepping away
from your screen and getting some fresh spring air.
Q.65) Every year, from late May to early July, a global team of students,
paleoanthropologists, geologists and faunal experts, travelling from South Africa,
Australia, the United States and Europe, make the trip to Drimolen, a system of
caves located north of Johannesburg in South Africa and within the “Cradle of
Humankind.” This fossil excavation team, which I am part of, arrives each year
with renewed hope of unearthing preserved and complete skulls of human
ancestors.
Paracompletion
A) Over the next two weeks I continued their fine work by removing the remaining
sediment to free the skull from its two-million-year-old sedimentary sarcophagus.
B) Over the next week, our two best excavators, Angeline Leece and Stephanie
Baker, carefully and persistently excavated the fossil until it could be removed, still
largely encased in sediment.
C) In 2018 a student excavator, Samantha Good, came upon the adult male skull of
a Paranthropus robustus, lying upside down, with the upper teeth showing.
D) From the moment we step off the plane, we search in earnest, anticipating our
big break could happen at any minute, lying in wait among the rock and dirt.
Q.66) Now that a helicopter has flown on Mars and oxygen is being
manufactured there, children today might start imagining themselves on the Red
Planet—going to school, tending plants, and playing sports in 38% of the Earth’s
gravity. It feels almost inevitable that humans will eventually land there, building
small biospheres with plants, microbes, and humans intertwined in a tightly
controlled ecosystem.
A) Christopher E. Mason is a geneticist and computational biologist who has been

a principal investigator and co-investigator of seven NASA missions and projects.
B) Yet, if we do find organisms on Mars, they will likely fit into the same three
categories of species in ecosystems here on Earth.
C) The act of going to the Red Planet gives us a new lens through which we can
better understand and protect life’s fragility.
D) When we go, we will bring some of Earth’s species to Mars, such as the
microbes on our skin, and we might even find some life already there.
Paracompletion
Q.67) Twelve years ago when I graduated college, I was well aware of the Silicon
Valley hype machine, but I considered the salesmanship of private tech
companies a world away from objective truths about human biology I had been
taught in neuroscience classes. At the time, I saw the neuroscientist Henry
Markram proclaim in a TED talk that he had figured out a way to simulate an
entire human brain on supercomputers within 10 years. This computer-
simulated organ would allow scientists to test new treatments instantly and
noninvasively for disorders and diseases, moving us from research that depends
on animal experimentation and delicate interventions on living people to an “in
silico” approach to neuroscience.
A) And so, I began a 10-year documentary project following Markram and his Blue
Brain Project.
B) The humming black boxes produced by Silicon Valley came to be seen as the
great new hope for making sense of the black boxes between our ears.
C) Instead, it felt exciting and daring, the kind of moment that transforms a distant
scientific pipe dream into a suddenly tangible goal.
D) My 22-year-old mind didn’t clock this as an overhyped proposal.
Q.68) Morton, the editor of a Nebraska newspaper, often wrote agricultural

articles and shared his passion for trees with his readers. There were relatively
few trees in the state at the time, and for several years Morton proposed such a
holiday to encourage his fellow Nebraskans to plant trees. He believed that trees
would serve as effective windbreaks, protecting crops from erosion and
overexposure to the sun, and would provide fuel and building materials. The first
Arbor Day celebration was held in Nebraska on April 10, 1872, and more than
one million trees were planted. During the 1870s several U.S. states established
Arbor Day as a holiday, and in 1885, Nebraska declared J. Sterling Morton’s
birthday April 22nd as the date of the holiday.
Paracompletion
A) Other holidays repose upon the past; Arbor Day proposes for the future.
B) In the 1880s American schools typically observed the day by planting trees as
memorials of historical events and in honour of famous people.
C) Arbor Day, a holiday observed in many countries by planting trees.
D) Many other countries also observe the holiday but often on a different day and
under a different name.
Q.69) Leaders of the Opposition have been critical of the initiative, terming it yet
another instance of the government’s ‘misplaced priorities’. Their reservations
cannot be brushed away; a sum of ₹20,000 crores has been sunk into the project
to upgrade the area that houses, among other edifices, the Parliament complex.
It is perfectly reasonable to argue that the funds should have been used to plug
the gaping holes that plague India’s healthcare services.
A) But then reason has not been the hallmark of Mr Modi’s whimsical reign.
B) The infection rate in the national capital is rising rapidly — Delhi reported
25,986 new cases on Wednesday.
C) There are other, equally relevant, questions.
D) This myopia, of course, can only be the sign of the hubris of an elected regime
that seems unable — unwilling? — to care for the greater public good.
Q.70) Minnesota lost one of its best sons, the former vice-president, Walter
Mondale, recently. Jane Mayer’s remembrance in The New Yorker highlights
how he spoke the hard truth and how that cost him the election. Mondale was
also the first man to choose a woman as a running mate in his bid for president
of the United States of America. Now, we have for the first time in the history of
the US — from Minnesota — a jury that spoke the hard truth to begin the
process of setting things right. A Minnesota jury is the first to find a white police
officer guilty of murdering a black man with impunity.
Paracompletion
A) Driving-while-black cases were part of my daily workload.

B) This accountability gives us a ray of hope that justice is perhaps still attainable.
C) As I began my legal career many years ago, representing indigent defendants in
Minnesota, I saw how racist many police officers were.
D) The system quickly corroded my soul and I became disenchanted with the lofty
notions of justice that I had once held.
Q.71) The Mukti Bahini was organized in two distinct groups — the Niyomito
Bahini (regular army) and the Gano Bahini (the people’s army). The Niyomito
Bahini had under it the Swadhin Bangla Regiment and the Mukti Fauj (sector
troops). The Gano Bahini was subdivided into three parts — Suicide Squads,
Scorpion Squads, and Toofan Bahini (storm troops). The Swadhin Bangla
Regiment was the backbone of the Mukti Bahini, comprising personnel belonging
to regular army regiments, the East Bengal Regiment and the East Pakistan
Rifles.
A) By October end, the Mukti Bahini Air Force also came into existence with a
Dakota aircraft, two helicopters and an Otter aircraft.
B) The Mukti Bahini played a key role in the Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971.
C) The Mukti Fauj was divided into 11 operational sectors, most of them along the
periphery of the Indo-Bangladesh border.
D) By September, the number of battalions went up to eight, with recruits taken
from the guerrilla cadre of the Gano Bahini.
Q.72) However, one 2019 study looking at the nutrient loss of broccoli in the
microwave pointed out that previous studies varied the cooking time,
temperature, and whether or not the broccoli was in the water. It found that
shorter cooking times (they microwaved the broccoli for one minute) didn’t
compromise nutritional content. Steaming and microwaving could even increase
the content of most flavonoids, which are compounds linked to reduced risk of
heart disease. “Under the cooking conditions used in this study, microwaving
appeared to be a better way to preserve flavonoids than steaming,” the
researchers wrote.
Paracompletion
A) Yet they also found that microwaving with too much water (such as the amount
you’d use to boil) caused a drop in flavonoids.
B) For example, microwaving has been found to remove 97% of the flavonoids –
plant compounds with anti-inflammatory benefits – in broccoli.
C) But most experts agree that heating plastic with phthalates can increase
exposure.
D) But there’s no straightforward answer as to whether microwaving vegetables
will retain more nutrients than any other method.
Q.73) Hydrogen is often used as a catch-all term for synthetic fuels, but many
experts believe another option is actually better: using the green hydrogen to
make green ammonia, another fuel which can be either combusted or used in a
fuel cell. Ammonia is far easier to store than hydrogen (it needs refrigeration but
not cryogenic temperatures) and takes up around half the space since it is far
denser.
A) The extra space needed by hydrogen has caused concern in the industry that it
might need to clear out cargo to make room for the fuel.
B) It can also be converted back to hydrogen onboard a ship, meaning it could be
loaded and stored on the ship as ammonia but ultimately used in a hydrogen fuel
cell.
C) Further, options may exist for hydrogen.
D) It is also very expensive, although its costs are falling, and will require extra
electricity capacity.
Q.74) To a visitor travelling south from Mombasa to savour the rich culture of
Swahili, the village of Gazi passes for a sleepy settlement in an almost forgotten
stretch of the rapidly developing Kenyan coast. Inside the closely built mud-
walled houses of the village, the day begins with a prayer call from the village
mosque before dawn. Soon, early risers return from the shoreline with fish
stocks that will supply Gazi’s traders for the day.
Paracompletion
A) Gazi is one of many villages along the Kenyan coast where poaching and illegal
logging have fallen dramatically in recent years.
B) But today, the village has a new health centre, school and boreholes for
freshwater.
C) Later on in the day, women bake flatbreads on roadside hearths to sell to
visiting fishermen from as far as Tanzania, while male elders play draft, a local
social pastime, on shaded patios.
D) Mangrove forests are some of the most efficient “sponges” for carbon on the
planet.
Q.75) As many European countries announced new coronavirus restrictions in

late September 2020, 100 handbag brands flocked to Milan to showcase their
new collections at Italy’s international leather goods fair, Mipel. The gathering
sent a clear message from Italy’s luxury fashion industry: “We are open for
business.” When Italy became the epicentre of the pandemic in February, the
luxury apparel industry was dealt a harsh blow.
A) Factories and workshops were forced to close and brands were left with
shortages of material, orders and staff.
B) But after months of turmoil and economic losses, Italian luxury brands are
finally starting to revive their businesses.
C) Italy’s fashion sector is a €90 billion (£82 billion) industry, which accounts for
40% of global luxury manufacturing and employs almost half a million people.
D) Worldwide, the pandemic could cost the luxury market up to $100 billion (£78
billion), according to the Boston Consulting Group.
Q.76) The sexual preference for men with deep voices has been recorded in
indigenous peoples from the Amazon to Tanzania and countless other Western
and non-Western examples. People associate deep voices with hunting abilities,
career success and strength. We rate politicians with deeper voices as more
serious and electable, regardless of sex. Male and female job candidates with
lower-pitch voices are also more likely to be hired.
Paracompletion
A) In the case of the Tanzanian hunter-gatherers, a deep voice might be acting as a

proxy for other skills that require more testosterone.
B) The pitch of both men and women’s voices decrease through adolescence.
C) If you want to get by as a competent speaker, it pays to go down an octave or
two.
D) There is a vocal trait that seems to work for everyone, no matter where they
are from.
Q.77) The tyranny of working and communicating digitally is one reason for the
recent appetite for crafting – it is the perfect antidote to the online world. And of
all the crafts; perhaps, pottery does this most successfully. The messiness of
working with wet or damp clay and the need to follow a process to achieve
results forces practitioners to put their phones and tablets aside.
A) It interrupts your compulsive email-checking. Your mind has a single focus, so

the practice can feel meditative or therapeutic.
B) In the UK, the popularity of open-access studios is a nationwide phenomenon.
C) What’s more, although multi-tasking has long been seen in a positive light, now
is a time when many of us yearn to slow down and focus on a single, absorbing
activity.
D) There is also a correlation between the popularity of ceramics and cooking,
often pictured together on social media.
Q.78) Look closely at the dozen panels that comprise the interior of the
altarpiece when it is swung open wide on its many hinges, and there, at the
epicentre of the work, you will find a strangely citrus semi-circular sun, with a
heavy yellow outer rind surrounding a thick inner white pith. This wedge is
carefully positioned at a pivot point in the work, between the upper and lower
panels of the altarpiece, and shoots from its core sharp streams of luscious light.
Once spotted, this citric semi-sphere, in which the Holy Spirit, assuming the
shape of a dove, has been squeezed in, is recognised as the source of dazzling
resplendence in the work – the engine of glory that spills on everything.
Paracompletion
A) A marvel in the history of image-making, the altarpiece is comprised of some 24

oil-on-wood panels, 12 of which are visible when the altarpiece is closed, 12 when
opened.
B) Without the commission of that initial crime described in Genesis, none of the
intoxicating spiritual grandeur or dizzying material magnificence that Van Eyk’s
brush describes would be possible.
C) It even seems to splash off the head of the pedestaled lamb that is the focus of
the ritual below.
D) Great works of art contain seeds of strangeness from which their meaning
endlessly emerges.
Q.79) The idea of third places isn’t a new concept but has taken on new meaning
during multiple lockdowns. American sociologists Ramon Oldenburg and Dennis
Brissett first defined them in 1982 as public spaces crucial for neighbourhoods as
a space to interact, gather, meet, and talk. These places help communities and
groups build and retain a sense of cohesion. Think of the Paris coffee shops
where the French revolution brewed or British pubs where engineers designed
the first public railway.
A) Third places offer an opportunity to connect, socialise and express yourself.

B) Bits of ideas floated around and connected in these heady atmospheres during
eras of rapid change.
C) Some public spaces could even come back stronger, as professionals now home-
working permanently are spending more in their local economies.
D) So, when social spaces reopen at scale, and we finally get our hangouts back,
will we return to our same old selves in our old places?
Paracompletion
Q.80) JNVs are managed by the Navodaya Vidyalaya Samiti. It functions through
an executive committee chaired by the Minister of Education. JNVs came into
existence almost three decades after the first Sainik School started. These
residential schools were conceptualized with different objectives in mind. While
Sainik Schools were meant to create a pool of eligible candidates to join the
armed forces, JNVs were supposed to provide quality education to students from
rural areas irrespective of the career they aspired to.
A) In my opinion, we need many more JNVs than we presently have.

B) The difference in the conceptualization of these schools is not limited to the
difference in the expected career outcomes.
C) JNVs continue to provide many students with an opportunity to dream big.
D) Accordingly, the fee in JNVs has been kept low to make them affordable for the
targeted group.
Q.81) Demand for Nyman’s services peaks during February and early-March, as
the days get longer and the ice hasn’t yet begun to melt. But the main reason
he’s so busy is due to an annual Swedish tradition called Sportlov, a nationwide
school holiday designed to enable Swedish children to get outside and embrace
winter sports. Schools across the country shut down for a week at a time,
efficiently spread over a month to make sure resorts don’t get too crowded. And,
with most Swedish entitled to at least five weeks’ holiday a year, many parents
take time off to join them.
a) This sporty take on spring break taps into a national love for nature that has
long held a special place in the collective Swedish heart.
b) Single 20 and 30-somethings continue the habit into adulthood too, renting
mountain cabins with friends.
c) These days, some municipalities still lend out ice skates or toboggans or offer
subsidised day trips to nature reserves during the week-long holiday.
d) In order to keep children occupied while their parents worked, state-funded
outdoor activities were offered instead.
Paracompletion
Q.82) Sometimes, saving a species means treating one animal at a time. The
veterinarians at The Wildlife Hospital, Dunedin do just that, going small to go big
by caring exclusively for native animals. Headquartered close to the wildlife-rich
Otago Peninsula on New Zealand’s South Island, the hospital is ideally placed to
help where it’s most needed. And with extinction threatening up to 80% of
native wildlife, from kākāpō birds to sea lions, every mended bone and tended
orphan could be the difference between a species thriving or dying out.
a) Like the endangered species it cares for, however, the fate of Penguin Place
teeters on the brink.
b) The centre is mere months away from running out of the funding it needs to
feed and care for its penguin patients.
c) Conservation efforts have long intertwined with tourism in New Zealand.
d) It’s high-stakes work, but you wouldn’t know it from watching the hospital’s
best-known patients waddle around between feedings.
Q.83) The murals, posters and sculptures were one side of it, but Soviet
designers also used space objects and motifs in the design of everyday objects.
There were desk lamps based on the Monument for Conquerors of Space,
traditional tea glass holders bedecked with rockets and satellites. Even everyday
chores were an opportunity – one of the most striking objects in the Moscow
Design Museum’s collection is a planet-shaped vacuum cleaner that looks like
something that might have come from a space-age cartoon series.
a) Another vacuum cleaner resembles a retro rocket ship, while a 1950s washing
machine looks like a scaled-down booster section from a Soviet rocket.
b) Whether a new Russian audience, too young to have been influenced by this art
the first time round, appreciates it, remains to be seen.
c) This was, perhaps, because the success of the Soviet space programme made it
easier to celebrate more esoteric design.
d) Part of this was consumer design rubbing against the design of the actual space
race equipment.
Paracompletion
Q.84) The Roman dictator was one of the earliest and most famous examples of
state-sanctioned emergency powers. When the Republic had a specific problem,
such as defeating an approaching enemy army, the Senate would appoint
dictators with wide-sweeping powers, including complete control of the military.
There were limits. The Senate retained control over the budget, and dictators
faced both a 6-month time-period and heavy social pressure to finish the task.
They had to retire as soon as possible. Remarkably, the role was rarely abused.
Over 300 years, the Roman dictators were appointed 95 times.
A) These are just states of emergency, and the actual provision and use of
emergency powers is even broader.
B) But these can be implemented in an open and democratic fashion.
C) Yet its misuse marked the descent from Republic into Empire.
D) If left unchecked, these emergency powers are prone to abuse, and what
started as an exception can frequently become the norm.
Q.85) Many centuries ago, the Mozabites converted to the conservative Ibadi
school of Islam from the Mu’tazila school of Islam, and the M’Zab Valley is now
one of just three significant Ibadi communities in North Africa – along with
Djerba in Tunisia and Jebel Nafusa in Libya. “Ibadis are known for their
community solidarity and tolerance,” explained local guide Elghali Laggoun.
“Historically, they’ve always co-existed and co-operated well with others. In
times past, they’d give their goatherds over to the care of an Arab outside the
city walls; the Mozabites weren’t natural shepherds, but the Arabs were.
A) On the valley floor, the Mozabites established palm groves that also served as
an escape from the summer heat.
B) Similarly, they’d go to the Jewish population to buy their copperwork and
jewellery.
C) In 1982, the M’Zab was classified as a UNESCO World Heritage site due to its
highly distinctive culture and architecture.
D)To survive in the desert, you need the strength that comes from unity – that’s
something that everyone in the M’Zab strongly believes in.
Paracompletion
Q.86) While the result might look familiar to followers of F1 over the last couple
of years, the way it came about at Portimao was unusual in the extreme. And it
seemed a change of wind strength into the final session was enough to turn
things around. Hamilton had done a stunning lap of one minute 17.968 seconds
in second qualifying, half a second clear of the field, but no one was able to get
near that in the final session when it mattered.
A) And Bottas’ pole time was set on his first lap, as neither Mercedes driver was
able to improve when they switched to the medium tyre for their final runs, even
though they both preferred its feel.
B) Verstappen salvaged third with a final attempt, just under 0.2 secs off Bottas.
C) They, the Red Bulls and Leclerc, though, all have the medium for the start of the
race having used it to set their fastest times in second qualifying, which could be a
significant advantage.
D) Ocon’s team-mate Fernando Alonso, quick on the first laps of the first session of
qualifying, faded after a spin at the end of that session, and could manage only
13th on the grid.
Q.87) As young as 10 months, Wood’s eye for a ball and an impressive swing had
been spotted by his father Earl, who fashioned him a set of clubs and was his
earliest teacher. At two, his potential was already getting wider notice and he
was invited onto a TV show alongside the legendary comedian Bob Hope to show
off his skills. Just months later, he won a competition for children under 10 - and
so began a dazzling ascent through the junior game that saw him win
tournament after tournament, collecting accolades and breaking records as he
went.
Paracompletion
A) The proud champion that appeared to have everything was, in fact, a deeply
flawed individual.
B) By the time he turned professional in 1996, he had won six USGA national
championships and an unprecedented three consecutive US amateur titles.
C) The golfing champion told Oprah Winfrey in 1997 that it bothered him when
people called him an African-American.
D) By 2008, he had won 14 major golfing titles, and he jointly holds the record for
most PGA Tour wins at 82.
Q.88) Endometriosis affects one in 10 women. It takes, on average, seven and a

half years to be diagnosed. It has a powerful effect on every part of a woman’s
body. For an athlete, it can be the difference between being selected or being
seen as a liability. Between staying in your profession or losing your sponsorship.
a) Most women are conditioned to expect pain during their period, which partly
explains why diagnosis is so difficult.
b) Between being in a clear headspace or doubting your every ability.
c) When you break it down, endometriosis sounds quite simple - a condition in
which cells like the ones in the lining of the womb grow elsewhere in the body.
d) Endometriosis is not spoken about enough.
Q.89) A classic example of modernist Finnish glass is the ever-popular Savoy vase
of 1936, a collaboration between husband and wife Alvar and Aino Aalto, whose
approach to glassmaking was unorthodox. The prototype for this was created by
blowing molten glass into an irregularly contoured hollow in the ground, which
would ultimately determine the vase’s wavy, organic outline. It was later
manufactured by Finnish glassworks Iittala in wooden moulds that were slowly
burned away, and the finished, polished product graced Helsinki’s glamorous
new restaurant, Savoy, whose interior was designed by the Aaltos in 1937.
Paracompletion
A) This is created by pouring molten glass into moulds with bark-like textures.
B) The Finns favoured modernist simplicity – bold, pared-down forms – and muted,
nature-inspired colours.
C) Some mid-century designers encouraged the cross-pollination of ideas between
countries.
D) It has recently been refurbished by interior designer Ilse Crawford in
conjunction, appropriately, with Artek, the Finnish homeware brand founded by
the Finnish couple in the 1930s.
Q.90) Tiger Woods, in the midst of recuperation from a serious car accident, is
already playing a key role in the US team’s preparations for the Ryder Cup later
this year. Steve Stricker, the US captain, has revealed Woods’s involvement and
confirmed he will have the 15-times major winner at Whistling Straits in
Wisconsin as one of his assistants if he possibly can. Woods suffered significant
leg and foot injuries in a crash as took place in California in late February, so his
professional future is a matter of great debate.
A) As assistant captain, it’s almost like he’s taken it up a notch.

B) A venue that draws frequent comparisons with British and Irish links courses has
been profitable for European players.
C) Yet Stricker, speaking on the eve of the US PGA Championship, explained
Woods is already an integral part of Ryder Cup planning from his home in Florida.
D) To many, this marks a departure for Woods.
Q.91) Yet modern liberalism fits the modern world of high human capital better
than the old rightish model of dim-witted peasants properly led by the
aristocracy or the old leftish model of gormless proletarians properly led by The
Party. If ever there was a time to let people go, and to have a go, it is now, when
they are so obviously ready for a liberal autonomy. Yesterday, one might put it,
was the time for the aristocracy or the state.
Paracompletion
A) Now is the time for liberalism.

B) And on the other end of the spectrum the progressive/socialist believes that
nothing will happen to bad customs unless she makes a law to change them.
C) Nowadays such policies penetrate unusually deeply into people’s lives.
D) The true liberal, by contrast, sits up on a second dimension, the non-policy apex
of a triangle, so to speak.
Q.92) Doubt and uncertainty need to be actively confronted in making a hard

choice. But often the most essential form of doubt involves questioning the
options that appear to be on the table. Making complex decisions is not just
about mapping the terrain that will influence each choice. It’s also a matter of
discovering new choices.
A) This is the definitional myopia of pros vs. cons lists like the one Darwin sketched
out in his journal before getting married.
B) Reducing your options as a thought experiment can also be a useful strategy.
C) The multidisciplinary structure of the charrette can certainly help with this.
D) Can we do better?
Q.93) Today’s environment is different mostly because of the taxes, prohibitions,

and other measures we have taken to discourage smoking. In the 1950s, a pack
of Camels could be had for as little as twenty-five cents in some parts of the
country (about $2.15 in today’s dollars). But in many areas today, taxes have
pushed that price north of $10, and in New York City a pack of cigarettes cannot
be sold legally for less than $13. In the intervening years, we have also banned
smoking in restaurants, bars, and public buildings. Some jurisdictions have
prohibited smoking even in outdoor public spaces.
Paracompletion
A) The narrow focus on second-hand smoke and fiscal effects greatly understates
the harm that smokers impose on others.
B) And health hazards from exposure to second-hand smoke have in fact been
conclusively documented.
C) Even strict libertarians concede the legitimacy of this rationale in principle.
D) We have spent billions of dollars on media campaigns to discourage smoking.
Q.94) Binyamin Netanyahu and Mahmoud Abbas (pictured, right and left) have
ruled for so long that it is hard to imagine other people in their places. Yet
neither is looking very secure at the moment. Mr Netanyahu, the prime minister
of Israel since 2009, is struggling to form a new government, as the opposition
inches closer to a deal that would unseat him. Mr Abbas, the Palestinian
president since 2005, is increasingly unpopular. Were he to hold a free and fair
election, as he promised to do this year, he would probably lose.
A) Neither is giving up.

B) Consider Mr Netanyahu, whose party, Likud, won the most seats in an election
on March 23rd, but whose right-wing coalition lacks a majority in the Knesset,
Israel’s parliament.
C) Could both men soon be out of a job?
D) For the past three weeks he has tried—and failed—to convince other parties to
support his bloc.
Q.95) Alexei Navalny expected the fate that awaited him when he boarded flight
936 back to Moscow from Berlin on January 17th, 5 months after his poisoning.
Most passengers were already seated when he walked through the plane cabin,
wearing a bright green jacket and blue face mask, and wheeling a suitcase
behind him. Like his great adversary Vladimir Putin, Navalny knows the power of
spectacle. People clapped. Cameras flashed. Reporters, including myself, got up
to see the man who had risen from the dead. He was happy to be returning
home, he told us.
Paracompletion
A) When he woke, he didn’t even recognise his wife.

B) The pilot made an emergency landing and a medical team gave him an antidote,
probably saving his life.
C) Then, he slid into 13A – his “lucky” seat – next to his wife Yulia.
D) Navalny collapsed into a coma on a flight to Moscow.
Q.96) The British eventually settled for indirect rule in the hills, governing
through intermediary chiefs and village councils, based on the customary laws of
the respective community. The legal and administrative exceptions given to the
hill areas have survived through the post-colonial period in the form of district
councils established under the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution and, in the case
of Nagaland, through the special provisions under Article 371(A) of the
Constitution of India.
A) If the state holds the right over natural resources in Assam, such rights are
vested with the indigenous or tribal communities in Nagaland.
B) Most of the foothills’ inhabitants come from elsewhere.
C) The most critical aspects of these exceptions relate to community rights to land
and natural resources.
D) Kikon is a prolific ethnographer and writer.
Q.97) We believe that rating of work activities, rather than occupation, provides
a more realistic picture of the likelihood of an occupation to be performed from
home. In our case, we rate the work activities associated with each and every
occupation. Work activities can be defined as the set of actions required to carry
out a particular occupation.
Paracompletion
A) We believe someone with a reasonable country-specific experience or

knowledge in the intended subject qualifies to be a rater.
B) For instance, the work activities performed by a lawyer are to draw up legal
documents, represent clients before administrative tribunals or conduct
prosecution in court of justice among many others.
C) The need for mapping arises as data on work activities is available only in NCO
2015.
D) The mapping framework is important here as the ability to perform a similar
work activity from home can vary for different occupations.
Q.98) The global rise of right-wing populism is not accidental but reflects the
choices made by communities through electoral devices. Arguments focusing on
the issue that such a government was not chosen by the majority of the
population may be true, but nonetheless, the fact that a government is chosen
to power based on universal suffrage highlights the support that a community of
people have for a particular ideology based on cultural monism, anti-
immigration, racism, casteism, and a deep-seated phobia of losing to others.
A) Populism, be it left or right, must be contested because it defies the equality of

human beings, and asserts some as superior to others.
B) School is always embedded in society because its task is to reproduce the
cultural, social and economic life of a particular society.
C) History is full of examples that societies having no formal training in concepts of
nationalism, liberty, and justice could overthrow imperial masters.
D) Whether the choice is right or wrong is a matter of opinion depending on where
one stands in the social hierarchy and political affiliation.
Paracompletion
Q.99) A theoretical understanding of elder abuse is foundational to its

subsequent discussion. Theorising elder abuse is complicated though. There are
more than half a dozen theories and different definitions and measures to study
the phenomenon (Shankardass 2018). With abuse being a sensitive topic and
highly contextual, a theory explaining elder abuse in the Indian context needs to
account for the diversity of sociocultural, ethnic, gender and political factors that
affect its manifestation. The bioecological systems theory proposed by American
psychologist Urie Bronfenbrenner seems an appropriate option to understand
elder abuse in the Indian context.
A) The theory’s wide purview makes it helpful in studying the contextually variable
issue of elder abuse.
B) The central tenet of the bioecological system is the nested nature of
development.
C) The theory originally explained the development of a child.
D) It is based on the understanding that an individual’s characteristics, immediate
environment, interactions of their immediate environment with larger contexts,
and socio-historical factors together shape a child’s development.
Q.100) Despite massive doses of capital infusion by the government beginning

1992 and pump priming them with recapitalisation bonds during 2018–20, PSBs
are still struggling to maintain minimum 11.5% of capital to risk weighted assets
ratio (CRAR) in terms of Basel-III framework. In some weak PSBs, the ownership
of government has breached the 90% mark from the ideal level of 51%. Due to
such a weak capital base, PSBs are unable to compete in fresh lending with their
private peers. Their decisive role in lending to productive and micro-sectors of
the economy is fast diminishing.
Paracompletion
A) The newly opened small finance banks and other intermediaries are fast
overtaking PSBs in fresh lending by demolishing past bastions.
B) The imprint of legacy issues and challenges of transformation continued to
impinge upon their operational efficiency.
C) Unless the reasons why PSBs lag behind are identified, even future strategies
may not put them back on the desired track.
D) The recent budget proposal to divest even minority stake held by the
government in IDBI Bank hints at a likely move towards privatisation.
Paracompletion
Solutions
Q.1) Answer- A
Option A follows by giving statistics about the installation of oxygen plants being
talked about in the last given statement.
Q.2) Answer- B
Statement B follows the suit of estimates given across months, as in the last line.
Q.3) Answer- D
The paragraph talks about how Streak was involved in match-fixing and option D
continues to throw light on that, most appropriately.
Other statements are also about Streak but do not fit in continuation with the
given paragraph.
Q.4) Answer- C
The paragraph talks of issues pertaining to faculty training infrastructure in India
and C rightly goes on to suggest as to what steps might be helpful in addressing
that.
Q.5) Answer- D
Option D appropriately makes relevant observations about the three shrines
mentioned in the last line of the given paragraph.
Q.6) Answer- B
The author talks about the population figures in the past time. Option B compares
that with the present.
Paracompletion
Q.7) Answer- C
The paragraph talks of the economic distress unfolded by the pandemic and how
government should do enough to address that especially in urban areas and option
C further elaborates in the same context.
Q.8) Answer- B
The paradox referred to in B is mentioned in the last line of the given paragraph.
Q.9) Answer- D
‘This vulnerability’ mentioned in option D refers to the observation made in the
last line about the Constitution has not been able to become a part of the political
framework.
Q.10) Answer- D
Option D describes how the wrong precedents (talked about in the last line) might
have been set by Bose.
Q.11) Answer- C
Option C continues sharing examples of the idea described in the given paragraph,
of how women are stereotyped in advertisements.
Q.12) Answer- A
The last given line mentions what one of the women pointed. In continuation,
option A states the next observation pointed by another woman.
Paracompletion
Q.13) Answer- B
‘The fact’ in Option B refers to the one stated in the last given line and is in line
with the concept of ‘ignorance’ by the system, as mentioned.
Q.14) Answer- D
The narrative rightly continues, stressing on sovereignty mentioned in option D, in
sync with the tone of the paragraph.
Q.15) Answer- C
Option C will continue the paragraph as it mentions one of the facts which
supports as to why the idea of football being for charity/community still
permeates in Germany (the idea discussed in the last given line).
All other statements seem related to the context and may come sooner or later in
the text.
Q.16) Answer- A
As the last given line talks of the situation in the pandemic, option A will
appropriately complete the paragraph by further describing the issues in these
times.
Q.17) Answer- D
Option D is a fair choice, considering that the paragraph continues to critically
describe the personality traits of a narcissist. The narrative related to their defence
mechanism relates rightly with how they take criticism.
Paracompletion
Q.18) Answer- B
Option B rightly brings about a contrast as compared to the last line which praises
the film for its pros.
While option A also seems to be a part of the same paragraph (and may come
later), B would be a better choice to follow immediately post the last line in the
given paragraph.
Q.19) Answer- C
Option C rightly concludes what the documentary tries to capture (the positive
effect of lockdown on nature and its elements.)
Q.20) Answer- C
Option C is in sync with the contrast and transition in Sultana’s interest expressed
in the last two lines of the given paragraph.
Q.21) Answer- C
The last statement mentions the EU’s standpoint on the influence in the Indo-
Pacific and, then we go on discussing the US in option C.
Q.22) Answer- C
Option C details out the scenario explained in the last line.
Q.23) Answer- B
Statement in option B is in line with the ‘only humans have a soul’ narrative.
Paracompletion
Q.24) Answer- C
The quantum physics argument in option C goes in continuation with the last line
where a comment has been made about how the physics would help shape up
these elements.
Q.25) Answer- D
Option D continues to talk of the differences the paragraph mentions.
Q.26) Answer- D
While the last line talks of the wastage of investment, D continues to tell more
about the reason for losses.
Q.27) Answer- C
Option C states and explains how mandalas are objects of meditation to aid
spiritual development (mentioned in the last line).
Q.28) Answer- C
As the paragraph goes on explaining the issues being faced, option C puts forward
an alternative approach that may work.
Q.29) Answer- A
The paragraph is clearly about perspective on ‘authenticity’ as a concept. While all
A, B, and C continue to talk about this concept, only A seems to be giving a
conclusion related to its historical aspects.
Paracompletion
Q.30) Answer- D
D is the only possible option here as the others need precedence. D explains how
she became uniquely involved (as stated in the last line).
The other options seem a description following option d itself.
Q.31) Answer- C
The author in the last line speaks that pastoralists make use of variability and
option C goes on to explain how.
Q.32) Answer- C
The paragraph talks tries to discuss which domain the ‘Psychology’ tries to fall into
and option C kind of extends that thought forward.
Q.33) Answer- C
Option C is an appropriate extension of the thought, ‘we have never yet held a
philosophical dialogue with another species.’
Q.34) Answer- B
The paragraph is about ‘phantasia’ and how it works in human beings. Option B
rightly continues the thought.
Q.35) Answer- B
The paragraph talks about the structural significance of body parts and how it’s
related to the corresponding function. B goes on to mention the related
observation about the brain.
Paracompletion
Q.36) Answer- A
Option A is appropriate here as the paragraph explains the process of mapping a
connectome and it continues the narration.
Q.37) Answer- D
Option D appropriately concludes the paragraph by talking about the collaboration
required among the world leaders.
Q.38) Answer- D
Option D will appropriately complete the paragraph as it gives an example of the
concept explained in the given lines.
Q.39) Answer- C
Option C rightly explains the next step followed by Stipe about his project.
Q.40) Answer- B
Option B looks like an appropriate conclusion to the given paragraph as the author
describes her understanding of him in the first person.
Q.41) Answer- C
The last line talks about a dramatic reason for the valley to have made headlines;
option C goes on to state that reason.
Q.42) Answer- C
As we speak of the origins of coffee jelly, and its preparation and use, option C
would make an appropriate contextual fit.
Paracompletion
Q.43) Answer- C
As the para goes on to talk about rat fossils, option C would be the most suitable
as the next line.
Q.44) Answer- D
As we talk about weapons in the museum, option D would be the appropriate next
sentence.
Q.45) Answer- B
‘any of it’ in option B refers to the equipment mentioned in the last given line.
Q.46) Answer- B
Option B suitably continues the para by introducing Paine who came up in the last
line. The other statements seem to follow option B later.
Q.47) Answer- C
Option C continues the narration about the stories being a part of our life and
would be the appropriate one to follow the given para.
Q.48) Answer- D
Option D gives us a suitable line to follow as we compare the opposite situations of
the existence and non-existence of ‘division’.
Q.49) Answer- B
The para talks about the year-round assessment of students and statement B
follows to give the benefits which may arise out of the process.
Paracompletion
Q.50) Answer- A
As the para talks about the practical and meditative life, option A goes on to
compare the two.
Q.51) Answer- A
The author talks about the letters they used to receive during earlier times. Option
A goes on to provide more of the author’s opinion on those letters.
Q.52) Answer- A
The para tries to capture the ‘film-like’ reality and option A goes on to state the
features of that reality.
Q.53) Answer- C
The last line talks of LMICs and Option C continues to mention another
observation about ‘these countries’.
Q.54) Answer- D
Option D would be suitable to complete the given para as it concludes what the
social welfare system initiated in Ireland has turned into.
Q.55) Answer- C
The para talks about the tactics of Maoists to harm the security
forces/administration and option C continues the narrative by also mentioning the
loss at their end.
Paracompletion
Q.56) Answer- C
‘similar virtues’ in option C relates to integrity which is mentioned in the last line
of the given para. That makes a fair continuation.
Q.57) Answer- D
The para outlines how physical music can be good to have and goes on to compare
it with streaming services. Option D goes on to share the differences.
Q.58) Answer- B
The para is about the V-tubers and how they explore new things and multiple
possibilities. Option B seems an obvious one to follow by reinstating as its
conclusion.
Q.59) Answer- C
As the para tells us how ‘Ad Tech’ infringes our privacy, option C sort of concludes
by stating what it eventually does and achieves.
Q.60) Answer- B
In the last line of the given para, it states what the book is able to provide. The
next sentence in option B gives a contrast stating as to what the book misses to
cover.
Q.61) Answer- C
In continuation with the argument put forward in the last line, option C would be
the appropriate sentence to as a follower. ‘They’ refers to the ‘families’ mentioned
in the last line of the given camera.
Paracompletion
Q.62) Answer- C
Option C mentions about the initial signs/negotiations (as discussed in the last
line) getting converted into systemic reforms and would be an appropriate
statement to follow the given para.
Q.63) Answer- D
Option D is the only choice which refers to the ‘movement’ described in the last
line and states further about it.
Q.64) Answer- B
The para majorly talks about the screen time spent on phones and option B is a
viable statement to follow, as it continues to share perspective on the same topic
as to what the addiction indicates.
Q.65) Answer- D
The author talks about the excavation team that he is a part of. In option D, he
goes on to tell what they do and follow each year. It seems an appropriate part of
the introduction para as the author sets the context. The other given options may
come later in the text.
Q.66) Answer- D
The para talks about humans being able to settle on Mars in the future and option
D appropriately continues that narrative.
Q.67) Answer- D
Option D goes on to give perspective on the neuroscience capability described in
the given para and would thus be an apt choice.
Paracompletion
Q.68) Answer- B
Option B explains how the holiday as mentioned in the given para has been
celebrated.
Q.69) Answer- B
As the narrative moves on to discuss what arguments and questions come up
against the Central Vista project, option B rightly reiterates that. One can discuss
those other questions later then.
Q.70) Answer- B
‘This accountability’ in option B refers to the jury’s decision as spoken about in the
last line.
Q.71) Answer- D
The last line discusses about the personnel being part of Mukti Bahini. Option D
continues to give details on the composition.
Q.72) Answer- A
Option A clearly provides a suitable contrast to the last line as mentioned in the
given para.
Q.73) Answer- B
The narrative moves on at the end to talk about Ammonia being a better option
than Hydrogen and option B goes on to mention Ammonia’s another benefit.
Paracompletion
Q.74) Answer- C
In the last couple of lines, the day is being described; option C continues to do that
for the latter part of the day.
Q.75) Answer- A
The steps described in option A describes the ‘harsh blow’ which is mentioned in
the last line of the given para.
Q.76) Answer- C
The para talks about the quality of voice of male and female candidates. Option C
continues to expand on that view.
Q.77) Answer- C
The para talks about focusing on a specific activity (pottery as an example) and
option C sort of concludes that idea.
Q.78) Answer- C
Option C seems to continue describing about the art spoken in the last line.
Q.79) Answer- B
The para talks about third places and the role they play in one’s social life. Option
B goes on to state this role.
Q.80) Answer- D
Option D rightly states in continuation to the last line focusing on the target group
for JNV.
Paracompletion
Q.81) Answer- B
While the last line mentions what parents do, option B continues by saying that
the youngsters follow similar choices.
Q.82) Answer- D
‘high stakes work’ rightly captures what is explained in the para about saving the
endangered species and refers to it.
Q.83) Answer- A
The para speaks of designs being imparted onto various items and option A talking
about a vacuum cleaner resembling a rocket ship rightly fits the context.
Q.84) Answer- C
Option C talks about the misuse of the role (discussed in the last few lines of the
given para) and its repercussions.
Q.85) Answer- B
As the para states how Ibadis have coexisted and cooperated with others, option b
continues the narrative by stating another example of the above practice.
Q.86) Answer- A
The narrative seems to be going towards how the results concluded with different
players and option A seems a fair follower as we talk about the sequence of
finishing the race.
Paracompletion
Q.87) Answer- B
The para speaks of Wood’s accomplishments in the game and option B adds on to
the story by mentioning his victories by the time he turned into a professional.
Q.88) Answer- B
While we talk about what endometriosis does to a sports career and we talk about
the difference it makes, option B rightly captures the same in the similar tome as
used in the given para.
Q.89) Answer- D
The para talks about the Savoy vase made using Finnish glass. It also mentions the
involvement of a couple. Option C clearly elates to this and would continue the
given para.
Q.90) Answer- C
Option C would appropriately continue the narration about Stricker as discussed in
the given para.
Q.91) Answer- A
The last line clearly says what ‘yesterday’ was for. In continuation to that, ‘now is
the’ will be the perfect narrative as given in option A.
Q.92) Answer- A
The last line talks about discovering new choices. The statement in option A
discussing how listing the pros and cons might help, will suitably follow.
Paracompletion
Q.93) Answer- D
The para talks about restrictions on smoking, in general. And option D is the only
one which continues the topic. Options A & B moves to another area of ‘second
hand’ smoke which may come later in the narrative.
Q.94) Answer- C
The para talks about the unpopularity of Israel & Palestinian leaders and option C
goes on to conclude that suitably with rhetoric.
Q.95) Answer- C
The para is about Navalny travelling back to Moscow. In continuation with the
narrative, option C would be the most suitable sentence in sequence.
Q.96) Answer- C
In option C, we talk about exceptions which are mentioned in the preceding lines
and thus, it’ll suitably follow.
Q.97) Answer- B
The para is about the role of work activities which are part of an occupation, in
determining the ease of WFH. The last line defines what ‘work activities’ are and
option B giving an instance of the same that will be suitable to follow.
Q.98) Answer- D
The para clearly speaks about the political choice being made by the people.
Option D goes on to share a viewpoint on about that choice.
Paracompletion
Q.99) Answer- C
While A & C both talk about theory which is discussed in the last line, option C
would be more suitable as the description would rather start from genesis.
Statement A might come later in the same narrative.
Q.100) Answer- A
The para talks about the issues with PSBs and their declining role in fresh lending.
Option A rightly captures the overtake by the SFBs in the related domain.

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Paracompletion

What are CATKing Bible LOD 2 Books?

How to make the best use of CATKing Bible LOD 2 Books?

Q.2) The India Meteorological Department (IMD) has forecasted a ‘normal’

A) All of these updates are an extension of the IMD’s increasing reliance on

Q.4) Professional development of faculty of higher education in India started

A) And some people who completely misunderstand evolutionary psychology ask:

A) Despite such seeming pervasiveness, the Constitution appears to be singularly

Q.11) Slim, light-skinned, and caring — the woman in numerous Indian

A) It might be added, however, that men in advertisements, too, are stereotyped,

A) This could not be further from the truth.

A) In the end, it just tells us that rape is bad.

Q.19) Showcasing exclusive footage from around the world after an

A) The sky is given to moods.

A) The global strategic balance will depend on new data standards.

Q.23) As far as we know, early hunter-gatherer animist societies saw spirit

Q.24) Without denying physical matter, Coleridge contended against what he

A) This inclusive attitude is one of the strengths of Coleridge’s approach, which

Q.26) Global enterprises are expected to invest $98 billion in artificial

Q.28) An over-medicalised public health emergency is a disaster superimposed

A) Thinking about the history and contingency of authenticity – as with any

A) She offered ease of conversation, empathy and witty ripostes to Anglophone

Q.31) Many development projects, aiming to modernise and control pastoralists,

A) They had no appreciation for pastoralists’ skilled practices.

A) Contemporary psychology is a form of mythology in so far, as it is an attempt to

A) Perhaps they could wage ‘psychological warfare’ on enemy submarines.

Q.34) Aristotle called this imaginative power phantasia. We might mistakenly

A) The same is true in the theatre, the movie, the novel.

Q.35) To better understand how the brain underlies selfhood, we need to

A) Upon birth, a person’s brain structure is largely prescribed by experience in the

Q.36) Mapping a connectome at the level of single neurons, however, is

A) What’s crucial is that the extracted brain is preserved accurately enough to

Q.37) The leaders convened by the US president have an opportunity to explore

A) By promoting change within its borders and fostering stronger ambition

Q.46) At first, spiritual democracy seems like an oxymoron, a contradiction in

Q.47) Everyone has a story, made up of several chosen stories, that we

A) So, don’t approach this inner search in a serious way.

A) For instance, one of the challenges is deemed as students ‘cheating’ if the

Q.53) AMR represents an existential threat to modern medicine. Without

A) Major pharmaceutical companies have largely abandoned innovation in this

A) Generally, social assistance schemes are provided on the basis of an assessment

A) Advocacy in favour of amelioration of living conditions is hard to dismiss.

Q.56) Unsuspecting bookstore browsers are sure to be taken in by the cover of

Q.59) Ad-tech conceals a dirty secret. It is increasingly personal and relies on

A) It is this attention to nuance in its articulation of a critical, albeit fragile subject

A) There is no scientific case for excluding them.

Q.62) This is a unique moment in American history. The crucial question is

Q.63) When we talk, we naturally gesture — we open our palms, we point, we

A) Christopher E. Mason is a geneticist and computational biologist who has been

Q.68) Morton, the editor of a Nebraska newspaper, often wrote agricultural

A) Driving-while-black cases were part of my daily workload.

Q.75) As many European countries announced new coronavirus restrictions in

A) In the case of the Tanzanian hunter-gatherers, a deep voice might be acting as a

A) It interrupts your compulsive email-checking. Your mind has a single focus, so

A) A marvel in the history of image-making, the altarpiece is comprised of some 24

A) Third places offer an opportunity to connect, socialise and express yourself.

A) In my opinion, we need many more JNVs than we presently have.

Q.88) Endometriosis affects one in 10 women. It takes, on average, seven and a

A) As assistant captain, it’s almost like he’s taken it up a notch.

A) Now is the time for liberalism.

Q.92) Doubt and uncertainty need to be actively confronted in making a hard

Q.93) Today’s environment is different mostly because of the taxes, prohibitions,

A) Neither is giving up.