READING AND WRITING

GRADE 11 - 10:00PM – 11:00AM

March 11, 2024 (Monday)

Types of Claims

Claims usually fall into one of three types:

1. Claims of fact
2. Claims of value
3. Claims of policy

Claims of Fact

A claim of fact makes an assertion about something that can be proved or disproved with factual
evidence. However, keep in mind the basic quality of claims, that they have to be debatable, and offer an
assertion about an issue. So a claim of fact for a logical argument cannot simply consist of a statistic or
proven fact. It needs, instead, to focus on an assertion which uses facts to back it up, but for which the
evidence might still be debatable.

Inappropriate claim of fact – a statistic or fact that is not debatable:

“the month of March 2017 was 1.03°C (1.9°F) above the 20th century average—this marked the first
time the monthly temperature departure from average surpassed 1.0°C (1.8°F) in the absence of an El
Niño episode in the tropical Pacific Ocean.” (from the U.S. Department of Commerce’s National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Adminstration, NOAA, https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/global/201713 )

Appropriate claim of fact – makes a claim that is debatable using factual evidence
Claims of Value

A claim of value argues that something is good or bad, or that one thing is better than another
thing.

Sample claims of value:

It’s better to apply good nutritional choices at home than teach them at school, because good nutrition
then becomes ingrained in the child’s experience.

Although immunotherapy has produced some good results in fighting cancer, overall it is less effective
than chemotherapy.

Claims of Policy

A claim of policy argues that certain conditions should exist, or that something should or should not be
done, in order to solve a problem.

Sample claims of policy:

The city’s board of education should institute an honors program not only for high school students, but
for elementary and junior high school students as well.

Just as smoking ads have been banned in order to decrease the urge to engage in an unhealthy behavior,
soda ads should be banned for the same reason.

CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD CLAIMS

• A claim should be argumentative and debatable.

• A claim should be specific and focused .

• A claim should be interesting and engaging.

• A claim should be logical.

Activity:

Instructions: Identify which type of claim the statement is making.

1. Vaping can lead to increased blood pressure, lung disease, and insulin resistance.
2. The basic keys to success are perseverance and discipline.
3. Studies have shown that exposure to violent media is a risk factor for violent behaviors.
4. The Career Support Network is an excellent resource for people who are considering a mid-life
career change.
5. In order to insure that graduates are competitive for top jobs in their fields, the college must put
additional resources into its career services office and internship programs.
6. Although the International Astronomical Union announced that Pluto is not actually a planet,
experts disagree on what characteristics define a planet.
7. Increased investments in solar power will benefit national security by reducing dependence on
fossil fuels.
8. Parents should not only be aware of how their children are using social media, but also
understand the potential positive and negative impacts of social media use.
9. Advances in computer modeling have made it possible to create completely new types of
architectural structures.
10. Good nutrition should be taught in school rather than at home.
11. Just as smoking ads have been banned in order to decrease viewers’ urges to engage in unhealthy
behavior, soda ads should be banned for the same reason.
12. Decreasing carbon dioxide emissions from car exhaust, manufacturing processes, fertilizers, and
landfills, while slowing deforestation, may help slow the process of global warming.
13. The oldest known disease in the world is leprosy.
14. The death penalty does not deter crime.
15. The GSW is the best team in the NBA.
16. Capital punishment is unjust.
17. We should respect everyone in school.
18. The death penalty should be abolished.

Answer:

1. Claim of fact
2. Claim of value
3. Claim of fact
 4. Claim of value
5. Claim of policy
6. Claim of fact
7. Claim of policy
8. Claim of policy
9. Claim of fact
10. Claim of value
11. Claim of policy
12. Claim of fact
13. Claim of fact
14. Claim of fact
15. Claim of value (explanation: A claim of value is based on preference such as likes / dislikes (good or bad)
16. Claim of value
17. Claim of policy
18. Claim of policy

Claims are statements about what is true or good or about what

should be done or believed. Claims are potentially arguable. "A
liberal arts education prepares students best" is a claim, while "I
didn't like the book" is not.

READING AND WRITING

GRADE 11 - 10:00PM – 11:00AM
March 12, 2024 (Tuesday)

CRITICAL THINKING AS LOOKING FOR WAYS OF THINKING

Critical Reading Vs. Simple Reading

Simple Reading

- Involves Identifying and recognizing the meaning of the text.

- it recognizes what a text says.
- its central idea is the message being imparted.

Critical Reading

- is a more advanced form and a higher level of reading .

- reader analyzes and interpret the reading material to know if it presents logical ideas
and connections of ideas.
- recognizes the author’s purpose of writing the material.

(The purpose of simple reading is to simply get a basic grasp of the text. Here in simple reading were just
trying to absorb and understand the text. It focuses on what a text is saying and what information we can
get from it. In short, it is merely reading, were just trying to absorb or understand the stated information.)

(Critical reading is a more active way of reading. It is a process of analyzing, interpreting and sometimes
evaluating. It focuses on what does a text mean, or how ds the text work, what kind of reasoning and
evidences are used, what are the assumptions or in general, what does the author is trying to say )

How does Critical Reading develop Critical Thinking?

(Reading critically, allows us to think critically as well. It enables us to effectively analyze information,
comprehend the text and form a better judgement.
For example:

“I don’t need a whole lot of anything. I just need a little bit of everything.”
- A little bit of everything by Dawes (2013)
(If we read this using simple reading, then it simply means that the author doesn’t want
everything, just a little bit of it.)

(However, if we use critical reading and thinking, then maybe the author wants to tell us that small things
are important too. That we don’t need to experience everything in life, and a simple fulfilment of our
necessity is all that matters.)

COMPONENTS OF CRITICAL THINKING

a) Getting the main idea.
- Involves getting the main idea in a text which may be implicitly or explicitly stated.
(Getting the main ideas means understanding what is the text about. Or mainly what is the
topic? What are the subjects that are/ that is stated in the text. So these ideas can be
IMPLICITLY or explicitly stated.)

IMPLICIT - Implied or understood though not plainly or directly expressed.

(So an implicit text is not expressed directly or clearly. Its like a hidden message that we have
to find out by use of critical thinking for us to fully comprehend the text.)
Example: She implicitly said she likes white shoes by saying she likes all colors but tan.

EXPLICIT - to fully and clearly express something leaving nothing implied.

(here there is no room for confusion because everything is obvious and is directly expressed.)
Example: He explicitly said, you will not attend that concert.

b) Summarizing
- Give a brief statement of the main points of something or somewhat you just read.
(The best example for summarizing is when you read something and you focus only on the
main topic like summarizing the main topics of legends, stories, etc.)

Example: In the story of titanic, jack met rose in the titanic and fell inlove with each other, when
the ship is about to sink, jack chose to save rose in order for her to survive even if it costed his
own life.

c) Inferring
- Is the practice of using reasoning or evidence to derive or conclude something.
(Inferring is the same as making assumptions that aren’t tackled by the author in the book
that you just read or movie you just watched.)
Example: “I don’t see Sei anywhere. She said she was tired, so she must have gone home to
bed.”

d) Drawing conclusion
- Means concluding or getting at the ultimate meaning of things.
(In drawing conclusions it’s almost the same as making inferences but it’s deeper because you
are really getting at the ultimate meaning of things – what is important, why it is important,
how one event influences another, how one happening leads to another.)
For example, if you are at the store and see an elderly person staring at an item that is high on a
shelf, you may infer that this person wants that item. As a result, you may offer to get it for him
or her.
e) Analyzing sequence
- Considers the order of arrangement of events present in the text.
(From the word sequence, sequencing is putting the events in a story in the order in which
they took place.)

1. Reviewing the title of a written work is like _________ since it gives the reader a initial glimpse
of the work

a. Flying an airplane
b. Writing an essay
c. Circling the airfield
d. Flashing a neon sign

2. Biographical notes on the author provides information on

A.Background
b.Special training
c.Previous works
D.Outlook
E.All the above

3. Knowing when an essay or article was written may provide

A.Useless information
 B.Interesting language
C.A key to understanding
D.Delectable folklore
E.Valuable information

4. The essay Disability is about

A. Achieving integration for dis-abled persons in the media

B. Advertising
C. A disabled woman's complaints
D. A writer's affliction
E. The media

5. The critical reading process includes the skill of

A. Reading and re-reading

B. Reading and writing
C. Annotating and analyzing
D. Summarizing
E. Explaining a text

6. The writing process is

A. Reflexive
B. Recursive
C. Thoughtful
D. Frustrating
E. Difficult

7. There are several ways to begin the writing process. One method is recommended by the authors
is to
A.Just do it
B.Make connections
C.Journal entries
D.Procrasitinate
E.Gather evidence

8. Before writing you should consider

A. Audience and purpose
B.Subject and purpose
C.Grammar and subject
D.Evidence and audience
E.Purpose and evidence

9. Drafting an essay
A. Takes no time and content doesn't matter
B. Should only need minor corrections
C. Is a messy process and takes time
 D.Is usually a staright path once you have your ideas

10. A method for revising and editing is to view your draft as

A. Final
B. Better than nothing
C. A way to fulfill expectations
D. Dialogue

11. Another way to approach a writing assignment is through

A. Plagiarism
B. Avoidance
C. Freewriting
D. Open writing
E. All the above

12 .The thesis works to tell your readers what the essay is about and

A. Must be one sentence

B. Is critical to your meaning
C. Gives structure to your essay
D. Isn't really important as long as the remaining parts of the essay or good

Answer:
1. C 2. E 3. C 4. A 5. C 6. B 7. C 8. B 9. C. 10. C 11. C 12. B
READING AND WRITING
GRADE 11 - 10:00PM – 11:00AM
March 14, 2024 (Thursday)

Hypertext

Reading and writing does not only mean perceiving the world around us. The process of perceiving
embodies the relationship of a text and another text. Likewise, it deals with reading from the viewpoint
of a research question and actively using what you read to develop your own analysis and
argumentation and eventually collect materials that you can use in your on writing. Reading and
writing goes beyond finding the linkage of the evidences and corresponding texts and identifying and
interpreting possible uncertainties and flaws in the reasoning of the author. It also means understanding
that texts are always developed with a certain context, thus its meaning and interpretation are
affected by a given set of circumstances. Moreover, reading now involves a relatively new way
of reading a text online as brought by the advent of the internet and technology.

What’s In
In the previous lesson, you have learned that organization, coherence, and cohesion, language use,
and mechanics play a very significant role in developing a well-written text. Having unity in writing helps
the readers to easily understand what the text is about without having to re-read it. Language use
enables writers to communicate ideas effectively without confusing the reader. An effective language is
specific, concise, familiar, correct, and in appropriate levels. Mechanics refers to the rules of the written
language such as capitalization, punctuation, spelling, and even grammar. Having a well-written text
makes it easier for you to express your work to the readers. After learning the properties of a well-written
text, it is important to connect it to hypertext so that it will be easier for you to use connections to other
locations that you may find interesting and useful with your readings.

Hypertext is a non-linear way to present information and is usually accomplished using

“links”. Such links help the readers navigate further information about the topic being discussed and may
also lead to other links that can direct the readers to various options. Hypertext also allows the
readers to create their own meaning out of the material given to them and learn better associatively.

Hypertext is text displayed on a computer display or other electronic devices with references to other
text that the reader can immediately access. Hypertext documents are interconnected by hyperlinks,
which are typically activated by a mouse click, keypress set,or by touching the screen. Rather than
remaining static like traditional text, hypertext makes a dynamic organization of information possible
through links and connections (called hyperlink).

The World Wide Web (www) is a global hypertext system of information residing on servers linked
across the internet.

Hypertext is the foundation of World Wide Web enabling users to click on linkto obtain more information
on a subsequent page on the same site or from website anywhere in the world.

The term hypertext was coined by Ted Nelson in 1963.

Hypertext allows readers to access information particularly suited to their needs. Example, if a
reader still needs more background on a particular item that a text is discussing, such as when a
reader does not know a particular term being used, the reader can choose to highlight that term
and access a page that defines the term and describes it.

Conversely, a Uniform Resource Locator (URL), colloquially termed a web address, is a reference
to a web resource that specifies its location on a computer network and a mechanism for retrieving
it. URLs occur most commonly to reference web pages (http) but are also used for file transfer
(ftp), email (mail to), database access (JDBC), and many other applications. Highlighted Word/s What
is it? Describe/Define.

Most web browsers display the URL of a web page above the page in an address bar. A typical URL has
this form:
http://www.example.com/index.html
protocol host name file name

Today, links are not just limited to text or documents but may also incorporate other forms of
multimedia such as images, audio, and videos that stimulate more senses. This is called hypermedia.

Why hypertexts?
- In a hypertext system, the reader is free to navigate information by exploring the connections provided.
- Hypertext is very different way of presenting information than the usual linear form.
- Text no longer flows in a straight line through a book. Instead, it is broken down into many
smaller units (lexias, to borrow a term from literary criticism), each addressing a few issues.
- It acts as a bridge between two basic, opposite, and complementing elements that may be called gender
of knowledge representation: free and shortcut.

The key difference is that hypertext uses digital links while intertext is
references between written works.

Assessment:

Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1.Which of the following is not a characteristic of hypertext?

A. Text flows in a straight line through a book.
B .It acts as a bridge between two basic, opposite, and complementing elements: free and
shortcut.
C. In a hypertext system, the reader is free to navigate information by exploring the
connections provided.
D. Hypertext is very different way of presenting information than the usual linear form.

2.Which of the following is a global hypertext system of information residing on servers linked across the
internet?
A. Domain address
B. http
C. Uniform Resource Locator
D. World Wide Web

3.Which of the following is a link from a hypertext file or document to another location or file, typically
activated by clicking on a highlighted word or image on the screen?
A. Hyperlink B. Hypermedia C. Link D.URL

4.Which of the following does not describe hypertext?

A. It allows readers to access information particularly suited to their needs.
B. It permits the readers to create their own meaning out of the material given to them and learn
better associatively.
C. It is a text displayed on a computer display or other electronic devices with references to other
text that the reader can immediately access.
D. It is a linear way to present information and is usually accomplished using “links”.

5.What do you call a reference to a web resource that specifies its location on a computer network and a
mechanism for retrieving it?
 A. Universal Resource Locator
B. Uniform Resource Locator
C. Universal Resource Identifier
D. Uniform Resource Identifier

6.Which of the following statements is not true about hypertext?

A. All textual information is easily presented in a linear form.
B.A hypertext environment gives the learner control over paths of learning.
C. Hypertext allows readers to analyze information from multiple perspectives.
D.As the learner uses hypertext, they determine the focus or center of investigation by
choosing to move outside the limits setup by the author's navigational structure.

7.Clicking on a hyperlink can take you to which of the following locations?

A. Another website B. Another place in the document you have opened
C. Another document other than the one you have opened D. All of the above

8.Which of the following refers to other forms of multimedia (pictures, sounds, and videos) that could
stimulate more senses and are incorporated in the links?
A. Hyperlinks B. Hypermedia C. Links D.URL

9.How could a hyperlink be used without an Internet connection?

A. To link from one page to another in a PDF document
B. To link from one page to another in a Word document
C. To link from one document stored on your computer to another document stored on your
computer
D. All of the above

10.Other than using the 'Insert' menu, what is another way to insert a hyperlink?
A. Just type 'Hyperlink' in the Search box within Microsoft Word
B. Press Control + Shift + H
C. Triple click the word you want to use as the link
D. Right-click the word or phrase you want to use as the hyperlink

11.Which of the following allows the reader to jump from the original text to another connected
text using a link?
A.HTML B .Highlighted words C. Hypertext D. Web address

12.Which of the following statements is true?

A. Hypertext is usually read in a linear manner.
B.A link may stock the reader to only a brief sentence, to a paragraph, or to whole pages
of new text.
C. User follows a link from its source to its destination, usually by clicking on source with the
mouse.
D. Hypertext refers to "links" on a computer screen that, when inactivated, will bring the reader
immediately to a new site of text, audio and video.

13.In 1963, the term hypertext was coined by ______________.

A. Ned Nelson B.T ed Jackson C. Ted Nelson D. Ned Jackson

14.Under what menu would you find the 'Hyperlink' button in Microsoft Word?
 A .Format B .Home C. Insert D. Review

15.In the URL http://www.fbi.gov/employment/, which part is the host name?

A. Employment B. http C. www D.www.fbi.gov

16. This method of text development allows the writers to produce texts with borrowed ideas from
other writers.
A. hypertext B. intertext C. context D. concept

17. Which of the following does not allow intertextuality to occur?

A. allusion B. originality C. quotation D. retelling

18.It is a text developed in a way that it copies the style or other properties of another text without making
fun of it unlike in a parody.
A. allusion B. pastiche C. quotation D. retelling

19. The new text that is formed using intertext has _______ borrowed or imitated from the original text.
A. location B. language C. context D. time

20. This relationship between or among texts happens when a writer or speaker explicitly or implicitly
pertains to an idea or passage found in another text without the use of quotation.
A. allusion B. pastiche C. quotation D. retelling

21. It is the method of directly lifting the exact statements or set of words from a text another author has
made.
A. allusion B. pastiche C. quotation D. retelling

22. Norse mythology of Europe was the inspiration of Victor Magtanggol, an action-fantasy series of
GMA Network. What text development has been used in crafting this story?
A. hyperlink B. intertext C. analysis D. context

23. It is one form of intertextuality that utilizes the process of restatement of a story or re-expression of a
narrative.
A. allusion B. pastiche C. quotation D. retelling

24. James Joyce used the modern context of The Odyssey in his very famous novel Ulysses. This is an
example of ________________.
A. hyperlink B. intertext C. analysis D. context

25. Which of the following is not an example of intertextuality?

A. The song Love Story by Taylor Swift was described as one of the modern versions of Romeo
and Juliet due to its lyrics.
B. Clueless was the basis of Iggy Azalea’s music video Fancy.
C. Harry Potter was originally written by J. K. Rowling.
D. None of the above
26. In the statement, “No man can write a single passage to which a parallel one may not be found
somewhere in the literature of the world,” what does Alfred Tennyson mean about intertextuality?
A. It is present in almost all the texts that have been written.
B. It is synonymous to originality.
C. It affects selected writers only.
D. It exists in limited texts.
27. Intertextuality was first observed in the work of ______________ from 1857 to1913.
A. Ferdinand de Saussure B. Laurent Jenny C. Julia Kristeva D. Graham Allen

28. Who coined the term ‘intertextuality’ in 1960s?

A. Ferdinand de Saussure B. Laurent Jenny C. Julia Kristeva
D. Graham Allen

29. Which of the following is not a kind of an intertextual relationship?

A. bibliography B. quotation C. retelling D. allusion

30. Intertextuality is important because _______________________.

A. It allows the writer to reshape a text to be in a better form.
B. It enables the readers to see how original the text is.
C. It is way of showing creativity.
D. It promotes originality.
 Answer key:

1. A 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. D 6. D 7. C 8. C 9. A 10. C 11. D
12. D`13. C14. C 15. D 16. D 17. B 18. A 19. A 20. B 21. D 22. D
23. d 24. C 25. C 26. A 27. C 28. D 29. D 30.c
READING AND WRITING
GRADE 11 - 10:00PM – 11:00AM
March 15, 2024 (Friday)

INTERTEXT

Intertextuality or intertext is one method of text development that enables the author to
make another text based on another text. It happens when some properties of an
original text are incorporated in the text that is created by another author. One good
reason why it occurs is perhaps the second writer is greatly affected or influenced by the first
writer leading to a combination of imitation and
creation.

Intertext Defined
Intertext or intertextuality is technically defined as a process of text development that
merges two more processes such as imitation and creation in doing a text. It involves imitation because
the author as highly influenced by another author comes up with his own version of the text
consciously or unconsciously incorporating the style and other characteristics of the text done by that
author.
Elaboration on Intertextuality
Intertextuality has rooted from the work of a Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure (1857-
1913). Meanwhile, the term itself was first used by Bulgarian-French philosopher and psychoanalyst Julia
Kristeva in the 1960s.Intertextuality is said to take place using four specific methods namely: retelling,
pastiche, quotation, and allusion.

Table1.Elaborating Intertextuality

Method Definition

Retelling It is the restatement of a story or re-expression of a narrative.

Quotation It is the method of directly lifting the exact statements or set of
words from a text another author has made.
Allusion In this method, a writer or speaker explicitly or implicitly
pertains to an idea or passage found in another text without the
use of quotation.
Pastiche It is a text developed in a way that it copies the style or other
properties of another text without making fun of it unlike in a
parody.

Table 2. Identifying Intertext

Questions Used to Validate Intertext

1. Are there two or more stories involved?
2. Does the text show a direct or an indirect connection to another piece of work?

Note: If the reader has affirmation towards these questions, the texts he/she is dealing with
contains intertext.
Assessment:
Directions: Write the letters of the words that will fill in the banks. Choose your answer from the
choices given. Write only the letter of the correct answer on your answer sheet.

-parody restatement .allusion formation retelling relationship

contrast affectation

1. Intertext means _____________ between or among texts.

2. Intertextuality occurs with allusion, pastiche, quotation, and __________.
3. Pastiche is the opposite of______________.
4. In the retelling method, there is __________ of story.
5. It is better to have loved and lost than to never loved at all? My answer is an
absolute yes (Mark 2012, 1). This is an example of ______________.

6. The new text that is formed using intertext has _____________ borrowed or imitated from
the original text.

A. location B. language C. context D. time

7. Which of the following does not allow intertextuality to occur?
A. allusion B. originality C. quotation D. retelling

8. Who coined the term ‘intertextuality’ in 1960s?

A. Ferdinand de Saussure B. Laurent Jenny
C. Julia Kristeva D. Graham Allen

9. It is a text developed in a way that copies the style or other properties of

another text without making fun of it unlike a parody.
A. allusion B. pastiche C. quotation D. retelling

10. This method of text development allows writers to produce texts with borrowed ideas
from other writers.

A. hypertext B. intertext C. context D. concept

11. This relationship between or among texts happens when a writer or speaker explicitly or
implicitly pertains to an idea or passage found in another text without the use of quotation.
A. allusion B. pastiche C. quotation D. retelling

12. It is the method of directly lifting the exact statements or set of words from
a text another author has made.
A. allusion B. pastiche C. quotation D. retelling

13. Norse mythology of Europe was the inspiration of Victor Magtanggol, an action- fantasy
series of GMA Network. What text development was used in crafting this story?
A. hyperlink B. intertext C. analysis D. context
14. It is one form of intertextuality that utilizes the process of restatement of a story or re-
expression of a narrative.
A. allusion B. pastiche C. quotation D. retelling

15. James Joyce used the modern context of The Odyssey in his very famous novel Ulysses. It
is an example of a/an ________________.
 A. hyperlink B. intertext C. analysis D. context
16. In the statement, “No man can write a single passage to which a parallel one may not be
found somewhere in the literature of the world,” what does Alfred Tennyson mean about
intertextuality?

A. It is present in almost all the texts that have written.

B. It is synonymous to originality.
C. It affects selected writers only.
D. It exists in limited texts.

17. Intertextuality was first observed in the work of ______________ from 1857 to 1913.
A. Ferdinand de Saussure B. Laurent Jenny C. Julia Kristeva D. Graham Allen
18. Which of the following is not a kind of an intertextual relationship?
A. bibliography B. quotation C. retelling D. allusion

19. Intertextuality is important because _______________________.

A. It allows the writer to reshape a text to be in a better form.
B. It enables the readers to see how original the text is.
C. It is way of showing creativity.
D. It promotes originality.
20. Which of the following is not an example of intertextuality?
A. The song Love Story by Taylor Swift was described as one of the modern versions of
Romeo and Juliet due to its lyrics.
B. Clueless was the basis of Iggy Azalea’s music video Fancy
C. Harry Potter was originally written by J. K. Rowling
D. None of the above

Answer: 6. C 7. A 8. C 9. B 10. B 11. D 12. A 13. B 14. C 15. B 16. A 17. A

 18.a 19. D 20. C

Reading and Writing

Grade 11 – 10:00AM – 11:00AM

March 22, 2024 (Monday)

 ASSERTIONS
In this lesson, you are expected to:
1. identify types of assertions;
2. formulate assertions and evaluative statements; and
3. write evaluative statements and an evaluation about the content
and properties of a written text

What is an Evaluative Statement?

It is a statement that states one's sound judgement about something through

writing which is supported by reasons and evidences. It also presents the strengths
and weaknesses of something based on a set of criteria which needs to be factual,
substantial, and unbiased.

How to Formulate an Evaluative Statement:

To formulate an evaluative statement, one needs to read the entire text carefully
and critically to understand and to check for possible fallacies in the argument
presented by the writer. Just like any other writing, the formulation of the evaluative
statements is done in the same way except that the statement is about your own
judgment of the text’s content and properties. You may formulate your evaluative
statements in two ways such as formulating assertions and counterclaims.
Meanwhile, you will be formulating meaningful counterclaims at the second part of
this module.

The question now is, how are you going to form evaluative statements? It’s
very simple! Just remember the following pointers:

1. Begin with the positives before you point out the negatives. Remember that
your evaluative statement should be factual, substantial, and unbiased. When
giving your negative feedback, it should not sound insulting on the part of the
evaluatee (one who is evaluated).

2. Suggest a solution/s or suggestion/s on how to improve the written material

being evaluated and provide justification how these will work.

3. Keep your feedback concise and precise.

4. Be careful in giving your feedback. Since evaluations pass judgment onto

works of authors, they must be written and expressed with care and much
diligence.

SITUATION:

A student was tasked to compose a poem that would express his thoughts
and feelings about various events around him. After a while, he submitted it to his
teacher before the set deadline. As the teacher evaluated his output, she was
impressed about the way the student wrote his concrete poem using the shape of a
dove as the poem’s structure to help the readers to easily understand the meaning
of his writing. Surprisingly, he chose a theme about the 2019 Corona Virus Disease
that gives hope to the readers who may be affected by the pandemic. In addition to
this, a good physical and grammatical arrangement of words were evidently shown.
Figurative language and imagery were also used. However, the teacher found out
that the poem was written in forced rhyme that may have caused him to use
inappropriate words. Since the teacher wanted to improve the writing skill of the
student, she then suggested to consider the use of appropriate language over
rhyme to better connect with the audience.

EVALUATION:
1) You (referring to the writer) composed an impressive poem. It has a good
physical and grammatical arrangement of words that enhanced the
readers’ overall experience. Another good thing is that your chosen theme
is very timely that gives hope to the readers in this time of pandemic.
When it comes to the elements of poetry, you used figurative language
and imagery that added spice to the overall quality of your composition.
These literary devices stir up and startle the readers’ imagination.
Furthermore, the choice of writing a concrete poetry (a poetry of which
visual appearance matches the topic of the poem) with a dove as the
shape of the poem’s structure contributes a lot in understanding the
meaning of the poem.

Explanation:
The evaluation begins with an evaluative statement that says, “You (referring
to the writer) composed an impressive poem.” It is followed by giving a
positive feedback to the writer specifying the strengths of the poem.

2) However, the rhyme of your writing is forced. It seems that the words
were chosen for the sake of having a rhyming effect that somehow affect
the emotional connection between the reader and the poem itself.

Explanation:

In the second paragraph, the evaluator mentioned about the weaknesses she
saw in the writing.

3) To improve your work, you should be careful in choosing the

appropriate words to be used to best express the meaning and
emotions you would like the readers to understand and feel. It should
be considered over the rhyme of the poem. Remember, a poem may or

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 may not have a rhyme but if you choose to have one, the meaning and
the emotional appeal of the poem should not be compromised. In this
way, you can have a good connection with the readers and would
therefore make them appreciate your poem more.

Explanation:

Finally, a suggestion was given to the writer at the third paragraph for the
improvement of the poem.

ASSERTION AND ITS TYPES:

A good critical reader does not only understand the meaning of a reading
material but also logically evaluates whether the claims of the writer are true or
false. Assertions serve as a primary way for the readers to consider and possibly
agree with the claims presented by the writer in an expository writing.

Assertions are declarative sentences that give one’s belief about something
else as if it is true though it may not be. It is expressed as an argument. Usually,
these assertions contain languages that expresses evaluation such as useful,
significant, important, insightful, detailed, up-to-date, comprehensive, practical,
impressive, etc.
For example, you were asked to answer the question, “Do you believe
education should continue regardless of the situation we are facing right now?” and
you would give your opinion or argument about it. Afterwards, you would make an
assertion whether you agree or disagree with the issue, thus, take a stand and
support it with your reason/s.

There are four types of assertions which are classified according to the
degree of certainty they can be judged as true or false.

1. FACT - is a statement that can be proven objectively by direct experience,

testimonies of witnesses, verified observations, or the results of research.

Example:
According to experts, seawater contains high amounts of minerals such as
sodium, chloride, sulphate, magnesium, and calcium.

(The first sample sentence is classified as a fact since the mineral contents of
seawater can be tested and proven through experiments and researches.)

2. CONVENTION - is a way in which something is done similar to traditions and

norms. Its truthfulness can be verified only by reference to historical
precedents, laws, rules, usage, and customs. Something to note about
conventions is that they may sound factual due to their being derived from
8
 customs, but because they are socially accepted ways of doing things, they
cannot be verified objectively by measurements.

Example:
Seawater is classified as a heterogenous and homogenous mixture.

(The second sample sentence is a convention because the classification of

seawater is based on the classification system made by scientists and is acceptable
to the scientific community.)

3. OPINION - is a statement based on facts but is difficult to objectively

verify because of the uncertainty of producing satisfactory proofs of soundness.
Opinions result from ambiguities; the more ambiguous a statement, the more
difficult it is to verify. Thus, they are open to disputes.

Example:
Swimming in seawater is the best activity to refresh and relax your mind,
body, and soul.

(The third sample sentence is an opinion since the claim is difficult to prove.
The truthfulness of the claim may be true to some but not to others.)

4. PREFERENCE - states a personal choice in which the writer is under no

obligation to support or prove the truthfulness of the statement. They are
subjective and cannot be objectively proven or logically attacked.

Example:
I love to make frequent trips to places with seawater than those without it.

(The last sample sentence is a preference because it expresses the personal

choice of the writer to places with seawater over those places without it.)

What’s More

Identify the type of assertion in each statement whether it is a fact, convention,

opinion, or preference.

1. I would rather watch educational shows than play computer games.

2. Roses grow best in soil made of ¾ clay and ¼ sand and loam.
3. In America, the bride's family pays the majority of the wedding costs.
4. Chocolates taste better than ice cream.
5. Lions belong to the genus Panthera which contains well-known animals such
as the tiger, leopard, and jaguar.
6. I think that green is the best color.
9
7. I prefer to go to Maldives than to St. Gallen.
8. Corazon Aquino was the 11th president (and first female president) of the
Philippines. She restored democracy after the long dictatorship of Ferdinand
Marcos.
9. The export of cut rose can easily become one of the most lucrative businesses
in the country.

10. President Rodrigo Duterte signed the Bayanihan to Heal as One Act on March
24, 2020.

Evaluative Statement:
The statement is very discriminatory against those with average intelligence
and teachers in general. Example: Negative

1. In this time of pandemic, people should give all the blames to the
government for the insufficient assistance given to them.

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 2. Every person has something to contribute to win the battle against
CoViD 19.
3. If you got infected by the Corona Virus, you should not lose hope but be
positive about it.
4. If you are a student with no internet connection at home, you better not
enroll for this school year while we are in these trying times.
5. When you go out of your house to buy essential things, you must follow
the minimum health protocols like social distancing, wearing mask,
using alcohol or sanitizer, and washing hands.

B. Read the poem written by Meigma, a senior high school student. Make your
own evaluation about its content and properties. Please be guided by the
sample evaluation given in the discussion part and the scoring rubric that
follows after the poem below.

I hate my life
And I won’t say
I’m good in my own way
I’m the worst
And you can’t tell me
I did my best
Because I knew
I’m a failure
It’s not true that
I’m awesome
But I know

People hated me
I’m a disaster
A distress
They call me
Fool
Stupid
Unworthy
All these insults
I keep to myself
For a long time
Is this really me?
Are all of these true?
Believing in myself
It seems so hard
To be what they demand
How I wish
What does it feel?
To be myself

(Read from the bottom to the top)

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 5 3 1

The evaluation has an The evaluation has an The evaluation has no

evaluative statement evaluative statement evaluative statement.
that used an evaluative but did not use an
language. evaluative language.
The evaluation The evaluation The evaluation has
contains positive and contains positive and positive feedbacks but
negative feedbacks as negative feedbacks but there are no negatives
well as suggestions to there were no and suggestions for the
improve the poem. suggestions provided. improvement of the
written work.

The evaluation is clear, The evaluation is clear The evaluation is clear

concise and precise. and concise but not but not concise and
precise. precise.

The evaluation has no The evaluation has 1 to The evaluation has 4 or

error when it comes to 3 errors when it comes more errors when it
mechanics (grammar, to mechanics. comes to mechanics.
capitalization and
punctuation)

Assessment

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on
a separate sheet of paper.

1.Which of the following are declarative sentences that claim something is true
about something else.

A. Assertion C. Evaluative Statement

B. Counterclaim D. Critical Reading

2. Which of the following gives a better explanation to show the strength and
weaknesses of something through writing.

A. Assertion C. Evaluative Statement

B. Counterclaim D. Critical Reading
3. Which of the following does not describe an evaluative statement?

A. Substantial C. Obscure
B. Factual D. Unbiased

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4. The statement, “Facebook is a cooler social media platform than Twitter” is what
type of assertion?

A. Fact C. Preference
B. Opinion D. Convention
5. An evaluation should have an evaluative statement that uses evaluative
language.
A. True
B. False

6. Read the assertion below and identify its type.

“Earth is the third planet from the sun and is the largest of the terrestrial planets.”
A. Fact C. Convention
B. Opinion D. Preference7. What should an evaluation have?

A. Positive feedback C. Suggestion/s for improvement

B. Negative feedback D. All of the above

8. In the text below, which evaluative statement can be formulated?

If you were born poor and remain the same after thirty years, you should think of
new ways to change your economic status for the better.
A. The text is useful because it gives a positive advice to the readers
especially to those who are suffering from poverty.
B. The text is insignificant since all Filipinos are rich.
C. The text is unmotivating because people nowadays don’t follow
piece of advice from others.
D. The text is not interesting because it sounds commanding.

9. Identify the statement whether true or false. “Becoming a good critical reader
means that you are able to logically evaluate the claims of the writer.”
A. True
B. False

10. “People should not commit adultery.” is an example of what type of assertion?
A. Fact C. Opinion
B. Preference D. Convention

11. Which of the following is not a type of assertion?

A. Fact
B. Convention
C. Counterclaim
D. Preference

12. Which type of assertion states that its truthfulness can be verified only by
reference to historical precedents, laws, rules, usage, and customs

A. Fact
 B. Preference
C. Convention
D. Opinion

13. Evaluative statements can be formulated in two ways such as formulating

assertions and formulating meaningful counterclaims.

A. True
B. False

14. Which of the following is an example of evaluative language?

A. Significant
B. Important
C. Practical
D. All of the above

15. Which type of assertion states a personal choice in which the writer is under no
obligation to support or prove the truthfulness of the statement?

A. Fact
B. Preference
C. Opinion
D. Convention

1. A 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. A 6. A 7. D 8. A 9. A 10. D
11. C 12. C 13. A 14. D 15. B